By André Olschewski – Skat Foundation Switzerland and Benedict Tuffuor – TREND Ghana. Prepared for the Monitoring sustainable WASH service delivery symposium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9-11 April 2013.

1. André Olschewski – Skat Foundation Switzerland
Benedict Tuffuor – TREND Ghana
IRC Symposium, Addis Ababa, 9. - 11.04.2013

2. Uptake [number of units
providing services]
High Rope PumpNicaragua Successful
Technology
Rope Pump in Africa
Promising
Technology
Trialled
Technology
Time
Little
Today
20 years ago

3.  What is the TAF
 Concept of the TAF
 Methodology to apply the TAF
 Example from TAF application
 Outlook
April 2013

4.  The TAF is a decision support tool for assessing and
monitoring applicability of a specific WASH technology for
provision of sustainable services in a specific context
 Target users of the TAF include government (national,
local), private sector, NGO, academia, development partners
 The TAF is based on a stepwise and transparent process
that provides concrete information to design mitigation
measures for improving performance of the technology used
and of the introduction process
 It is an participatory, facilitating and easy to use tool that
triggers sharing of lessons learned between all actors
including local and national level
April 2013

5. Sustainable WASH Services
Introduction process
Monitoring - Implementation
- Supply Chain
- Operation & Maintenance
- Life Cycle Costs
- Capacities
- Follow up……
Context Factors on: Demand side Context Factors on:
Usage Context Supply side
Physical
- Need WASH Technology
- Market Context
- Functions
- Policies - Conditions - Features
- Capacities - Applicability
- Economy… - Requirements
April 2013

6. Regarding technology introduction process and use:
- Supporting sustainable WASH Services incl. LCC and Equity
and Inclusion
- Do no harm to environment
- Innovation in WASH sector
- Strengthening governance and accountability
TAF uses screening and assessment to assess critical factors
related to inputs, on outcomes (service level) but also on the
process of introduction involving all relevant actors.
Requirements for the tool “TAF”: Easy to use for all target
users of TAF, applicable in different contexts, supporting
inclusiveness, fostering accountability by involving all actors
also during interpretation of results, linking to concrete actions
April 2013

7. Context Cost model
TAF ASSESSMENT
of technology applicability
using 18 indicators
SCREENING Soc
Econ
Dimensions
Env
Inst Dimensions:
Need Know Soc = Social
and Tech Econ = Economical and Financial
Producer-Providerr
Applicability Env = Environmental
Other Institutions
Inst = Institutional, legal,
organisational
User-Buyer
Know = Knowhow and skills
Technical Function Tech = Technological
Characteristics
Performance Perspective
of key actors
Technology
April 2013

8. TIP
Technology Introduction Process(TIP)
defines tasks for actors involved in each phase of introduction process
Uptake [number of units
installed providing services]
Technology Introduction Process
INVENTION TIPPING UPTAKE & USE
Uptake + O&M
Tipping Point
Uptake + Use
High POINT
Invention
Successful
Technology
Introduction
Specific tasks
Technology
per actor and
phase
Time Actors Actors Actors
- Generic concept
- For water, sanitation and hygiene technologies
- Applicable for different cost models, e.g. market based approach
April 2013

9. Economic
Technological Social
Skills and
Environmental
Knowhow
Organisational
Institutional
Legal
April 2013

10. Perspectives of Key Actors
in Introduction Process
TAF uses multiple entry points to
Regulator,
Producer,
Facilitator
Provider
Investor,
address critical factors concerning
Buyer
User,
sustainability of services provided
by a specific WASH technology
Sustainability Dimensions
- Social
- Economic
- Environmental
- Organisational, legal, institutional
- Skills and Knowhow
- Technological = 18 TAF Indicators
April 2013

11. • TAF follows stepwise procedure in 4
steps
• TAF process is based on desk work,
field visits & workshops
• All actors are involved in field visits,
workshops and interpretation!
• TAF process supports sharing of
experiences, accountability and
governance.
• Structuered TAF process is easy to
use, involvement of all actors fosters
transparency and inclusiveness.
April 2013

12. Key perspectives per particular perspective
User/ Producers/ Regulators/
Buyer Providers Investors/
Facilitators
Interpretation per dimension
(1) (2) (3)
Social + + - + High value, neutral or positive, supportive characteristics
(4) (5) (6)
Sustainability Dimensions
0 Potential impact, could become critical, needs follow up
Economic + ? 0
- Low value, negative, critical, hindering characteristics
(7) (8) (9)
Environ- ?
0 + - Unclear information, should be clarified
mental
(10) (11) (12)
Institutional ? + ?
& Legal As entire profile
(13) (14) (15)
Skills & 0 - 0
Know-how or for specific topics such as O&M
(16) (17) (18)
Technology + - ?
April 2013

13. April 2013

14. April 2013

15. Dimension User / Buyer Producer / Provider Regulator / Investor / Facilitator
Perspective
Social Clear willingness to invest No active promotion; producer has No need for behavior change and major
strategically limited promotion social marketing
Economic Affordable if Capex is There is some profit margin – No subsidies for sanitation in line with
subsidised and if it is Producer willing to continue national policies
targeted at small towns production. Huge marketing
potential but producer will not be
able to do it all alone
Environmental There can be a potential for Potential for local production without Further info on reuse of manure &
risks though not high. harmful input resources effluent needed. MMDA monitoring units
Further info on effluent need training & equipment which come
quality needed. at a cost
Institutional, Required legal structures Regulation of quality of construction Not fair to say it doesn’t meet quality
Organizational are feasible supervised by an engineer. Quality standards since it has not been checked.
and Legal No legal requirements to of effluent checks not being done by Alignment with policies – has not been
register WASH technologies, EPA submitted for approval so cannot say
but it helps for acceptability
Skills and Users can deal with In terms of product development, Different orgs at the nat’l level-answering
Knowhow technology appropriately sufficient skills and capacities exist. the question lumps them together and
with respect to O&M But not proven in the promotion and will present a mixed picture as some
marketing side have and some don’t have the capacity
Technological User satisfaction high Viable models for selling exist Potential exists for support. Unless the
though it is in the right orgs are approached, the support
developmental stage won’t come. April 2013

16.  There can be a potential for risks for environment though
not high. Further info on effluent quality needed.
 Further info on reuse of manure & effluent needed.
 MMDA monitoring units need training & equipment which
come at a cost.
 Potential exists for support. Unless the right
organisations are approached, the support won’t come.
 There is some profit margin – Producer willing to
continue production. Huge need and potential for
marketing but producer will not be able to do it all alone.
 Affordable if CapEx is subsidized and if it is targeted at
small towns.
April 2013

17. TAF methodology could be applied for
- monitoring of the performance of an existing WASH
technology and of the introduction process
- to define concrete mitigation measures to increase
technology performance but also of the introduction
process
- for assessing readiness of an alternative technology
for introduction
April 2013

18. • TAF was tested in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Uganda
on 13 different WASH technologies
• In all three countries government institutions were
appointed as hosts for the TAF
• TAF is now used to monitor emerging technologies
• TAF and TIP will be used to develop/adapt guidelines
for validation and introduction in all three countries
• TAF and TIP: available as open source by end 2013
April 2013

19. For Information on WASHTech,
WASHTech@irc.nl or email to:
washtechafrica.wordpress.com
For details on TAF and TIP:
andre.olschewski@skat.ch
c/o Skat Foundation
April 2013

20. Thank you!