1 ISACA JOURNAL VOLUME 1, 2012
Feature
The ability to restore databases from valid
backups is a vital part of ensuring business
continuity. Backup integrity and restorations
are an important piece of the IT Governance
Institute’s IT Control Objectives for Sarbanes-
Oxley, 2nd Edition. In many instances, IT auditors
merely confirm whether backups are being
performed either to disk or to tape, without
considering the integrity or viability of the
backup media.
This article covers the topics related to
data loss and the types of database backup
and recovery available. Best practices that can
assist an auditor in assessing the effectiveness
of database backup and recovery are also
provided. This article focuses on the technologies
and capabilities of the Oracle relational
database management system (RDBMS) and
Microsoft (MS) SQL Server because, together,
they cover approximately 40 percent of all
database installations. Figure 1 provides a short
comparison of Oracle and MS SQL Server.
One of the key responsibilities of a database
administrator (DBA) is to prepare for the
possibility of media, hardware and software
failure as well as to recover databases during a
disaster. Should any of these failures occur, the
major objective is to ensure that the database
is available to users within an acceptable time
period, while ensuring that there is no loss of
data. DBAs should evaluate their preparedness
to respond effectively to such situations by
answering the following questions:
• How confident is the DBA that the data on which
the company business depends are backed up
successfully and that the data can be recovered
from these backups within the permissible time
limits, per a service level agreement (SLA)
or recovery time objective, as specified in the
organization’s disaster recovery plan?
• Has the DBA taken measures to draft and test
the procedures to protect as well as recover the
databases from numerous types of failures?
The following is a checklist for database
backup and recovery procedures that are
explained throughout this article:
1. Develop a comprehensive backup plan.
2. Perform effective backup management.
3. Perform periodic databases restore testing.
4. Have backup and recovery SLAs drafted and
communicated to all stakeholders.
5. Have the disaster recovery plan (DRP)
database portion drafted and documented.
6. Keep your knowledge and know-how on
database and OS backup and recovery tools up
to date.
Comprehensive BaCkup plan
DBAs are responsible for making a
comprehensive backup plan for databases for
which they are accountable. The backup plan
should include all types of RDBMSs within the
enterprise and should cover the following areas:
• Decide what needs to be backed up. It is
imperative that the DBA be aware of database
and related OS and application components
that need to be backed up, whether via an
online backup or an offline cold backup.
The following are d ...
This document discusses database backup and recovery strategies in Oracle. It covers different types of backups including logical, physical, online and offline backups. It emphasizes the importance of backups for recovery purposes. Different failure scenarios are described such as statement failure, user process failure, user error, instance failure and media failure. The roles of logical backups using Export and archiving redo logs are explained. Considerations for backup strategies include business needs, availability requirements, transaction volumes and read-only tablespaces. Testing backups is recommended to ensure recovery success.
The document discusses database backup and recovery strategies in Oracle. It covers the different types of backups including logical, physical offline ("cold") backups, and physical online ("hot") backups. It also discusses archiving redo logs, testing backup strategies, and implications of backup methods like downtime required and recovery time. Failure scenarios like statement failure, user process failure, user error, instance failure, and media failure are also summarized. Finally, it discusses logical backups using the Oracle Export utility and parameters that can be passed to it.
Managing large chain of Hotels and ERP database comprises of core areas such as HRMS & PIP.HRMS (Human Resource Management System), which further includes areas such as Soft Joining, Promotion, Transfer, Confirmation, Leave Attendance and Exit, etc. PIP (Payroll Information Portal), wherein employees can view their individual Salary details, submit investment declaration, Reimbursement claim & CTC structuring, etc. Management of Large Chain of Hotels and ERP Database in AWS Cloud involves continuous monitoring with regards to the areas such as Performance of resource usages and optimization techniques relating to the use of PL/SQL. High Availability (HA) of data is accomplished through the Backup and Recovery mechanism and security of the data by Encryption & Decryption mechanism.
The document provides an overview of Oracle database physical and logical structures, background processes, backup methods, and administrative tasks. It describes key components like datafiles, control files, redo logs, tablespaces, schemas and segments that make up the physical and logical structure. It also explains the system global area (SGA) and program global area (PGA) memory structures and background processes like SMON, PMON, DBWR, LGWR and ARCH that manage the database instance. Common backup methods like cold backups, hot backups and logical exports are summarized. Finally, it lists some daily, weekly and other administrative tasks.
Patrick Rebrook has over 15 years of experience as a database administrator and engineer. He currently works at Northrop Grumman maintaining 21 Oracle databases ranging in size from 225GB to 2.5TB. Previously, he worked at ManTech International maintaining 11 Oracle databases ranging from 30GB to 600GB supporting background check processing. His skills include Oracle database administration, performance tuning, backup and recovery, security compliance, and programming.
Exploring Oracle Database Performance Tuning Best Practices for DBAs and Deve...Aaron Shilo
The document provides an overview of Oracle database performance tuning best practices for DBAs and developers. It discusses the connection between SQL tuning and instance tuning, and how tuning both the database and SQL statements is important. It also covers the connection between the database and operating system, how features like data integrity and zero downtime updates are important. The presentation agenda includes topics like identifying bottlenecks, benchmarking, optimization techniques, the cost-based optimizer, indexes, and more.
This document provides a summary of Patrick Rebrook's skills, education, certifications, and work experience as a database engineer and administrator. It details his experience in managing Oracle databases for various government contractors, including database administration, security, performance tuning, reporting, backup/recovery, patching, and build processes. His relevant skills include Oracle database technologies, Linux, programming languages, and security clearances. He holds an Oracle OCA certification and a CompTIA Security+ certification.
This document discusses database backup and recovery strategies in Oracle. It covers different types of backups including logical, physical, online and offline backups. It emphasizes the importance of backups for recovery purposes. Different failure scenarios are described such as statement failure, user process failure, user error, instance failure and media failure. The roles of logical backups using Export and archiving redo logs are explained. Considerations for backup strategies include business needs, availability requirements, transaction volumes and read-only tablespaces. Testing backups is recommended to ensure recovery success.
The document discusses database backup and recovery strategies in Oracle. It covers the different types of backups including logical, physical offline ("cold") backups, and physical online ("hot") backups. It also discusses archiving redo logs, testing backup strategies, and implications of backup methods like downtime required and recovery time. Failure scenarios like statement failure, user process failure, user error, instance failure, and media failure are also summarized. Finally, it discusses logical backups using the Oracle Export utility and parameters that can be passed to it.
Managing large chain of Hotels and ERP database comprises of core areas such as HRMS & PIP.HRMS (Human Resource Management System), which further includes areas such as Soft Joining, Promotion, Transfer, Confirmation, Leave Attendance and Exit, etc. PIP (Payroll Information Portal), wherein employees can view their individual Salary details, submit investment declaration, Reimbursement claim & CTC structuring, etc. Management of Large Chain of Hotels and ERP Database in AWS Cloud involves continuous monitoring with regards to the areas such as Performance of resource usages and optimization techniques relating to the use of PL/SQL. High Availability (HA) of data is accomplished through the Backup and Recovery mechanism and security of the data by Encryption & Decryption mechanism.
The document provides an overview of Oracle database physical and logical structures, background processes, backup methods, and administrative tasks. It describes key components like datafiles, control files, redo logs, tablespaces, schemas and segments that make up the physical and logical structure. It also explains the system global area (SGA) and program global area (PGA) memory structures and background processes like SMON, PMON, DBWR, LGWR and ARCH that manage the database instance. Common backup methods like cold backups, hot backups and logical exports are summarized. Finally, it lists some daily, weekly and other administrative tasks.
Patrick Rebrook has over 15 years of experience as a database administrator and engineer. He currently works at Northrop Grumman maintaining 21 Oracle databases ranging in size from 225GB to 2.5TB. Previously, he worked at ManTech International maintaining 11 Oracle databases ranging from 30GB to 600GB supporting background check processing. His skills include Oracle database administration, performance tuning, backup and recovery, security compliance, and programming.
Exploring Oracle Database Performance Tuning Best Practices for DBAs and Deve...Aaron Shilo
The document provides an overview of Oracle database performance tuning best practices for DBAs and developers. It discusses the connection between SQL tuning and instance tuning, and how tuning both the database and SQL statements is important. It also covers the connection between the database and operating system, how features like data integrity and zero downtime updates are important. The presentation agenda includes topics like identifying bottlenecks, benchmarking, optimization techniques, the cost-based optimizer, indexes, and more.
This document provides a summary of Patrick Rebrook's skills, education, certifications, and work experience as a database engineer and administrator. It details his experience in managing Oracle databases for various government contractors, including database administration, security, performance tuning, reporting, backup/recovery, patching, and build processes. His relevant skills include Oracle database technologies, Linux, programming languages, and security clearances. He holds an Oracle OCA certification and a CompTIA Security+ certification.
This document provides an overview of the physical and logical structures of an Oracle database, including datafiles, control files, redo logs, and tablespaces. It also describes Oracle instances, the system global area (SGA), program global area (PGA), and background processes. Administrative tasks like backups, monitoring, and patching are discussed. Specific details are given about the Computer Science database, including its server, tablespaces, and 4mm DAT tape backup method.
This document provides an overview of an Oracle DBA walkthrough presentation. It includes a table of contents covering topics like the duties of database administrators, memory and process architecture, instance startup and shutdown, and tools for DBAs. It also introduces the presenter, Akash Pramanik, who is an Oracle DBA by profession and freelance trainer.
This document provides a collection of 17 frequently asked questions (FAQs) about Oracle database concepts. It includes concise definitions and explanations of key terms such as Oracle, Oracle database, Oracle instance, parameter file, system global area, program global area, user account, schema, user role, and more. It also provides sample scripts and is intended as a learning and interview preparation guide for Oracle DBAs.
The Oracle Optimizer uses both rule-based optimization and cost-based optimization to determine the most efficient execution plan for SQL statements. It considers factors like available indexes, data access methods, and sort usage to select the optimal plan. The optimizer can operate in different modes and generates execution plans that describe the chosen strategy. Tuning the optimizer settings and database design can help it select more efficient plans.
Oracle Autonomous Health Framework (AHF) White PaperAnkita Khandelwal
Oracle 12c Release 2 introduces new Oracle Autonomous Health Framework, a collaborative framework whose components work 24x7 to autonomously to ensure continuous availability and consistent performance of database systems while minimizing human effort!
Oracle 11G introduces several new features including Flashback Data Archive for extended data recovery, Database Replay for testing system changes, SQL Performance Analyzer for comparing SQL statement performance before and after changes, and Automatic Diagnostic Repository for proactive health checking and problem resolution. Other new features include online patching, simplified memory management with a single MEMORY_TARGET parameter, enhanced SQL Access Advisor, virtual columns, invisible indexes, and transparent tablespace encryption.
The document describes the architecture of Oracle 11g. It discusses the key components of an Oracle instance which includes the System Global Area (SGA) and background processes. The SGA is made up of several memory structures like the shared pool, database buffer cache, and redo log buffer. The document also describes the various mandatory and optional background processes like DBWR, LGWR, SMON, PMON and their functions.
Logical replication allows migration between different hardware, operating systems, and Oracle versions with minimal downtime. It works by reading the redo logs of the source database in real time and applying the changes to the target database. Some preparation is required, such as testing and validating the migration. If issues occur during cutover to the 12c target, the original production system remains intact with no data risk. Logical replication provides an effective method for migrating to Oracle 12c with zero or near-zero downtime.
The document provides an introduction to Oracle Data Guard and high availability concepts. It discusses how Data Guard maintains standby databases to protect primary database data from failures, disasters, and errors. It describes different types of standby databases, including physical and logical standby databases, and how redo logs are applied from the primary database to keep the standbys synchronized. Real-time apply is also introduced, which allows for more up-to-date synchronization between databases with faster failover times.
The document discusses process management in data warehousing. It describes the typical components involved - load manager, warehouse manager, and query manager. The load manager is responsible for extracting, transforming and loading data. The warehouse manager manages the data in the warehouse through indexing, aggregation and normalization. The query manager directs user queries to appropriate tables. Additionally, the document outlines the three perspectives for process modeling - conceptual, logical, and physical. The conceptual perspective represents interrelationships abstractly, the logical captures structure and data characteristics, while the physical provides execution details.
This document discusses backup and recovery of SQL Server databases. It explains that there are three types of database backups: full, differential, and transaction log backups. It provides steps for creating a full database backup and restoring from a backup. Backups protect from data loss due to failures like hardware issues, user errors, or disasters. However, backups require storage space and recovery is only possible from the last full backup. Regular backups are important for database administration and disaster recovery.
This document discusses best practices for configuring Oracle GoldenGate to work with Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC), Oracle Clusterware, and Oracle Database File System (DBFS). It recommends storing Oracle GoldenGate trail files, checkpoint files, and other files in DBFS to provide high availability, recoverability, and failover capabilities. The document outlines steps to set up DBFS on RAC, install Oracle GoldenGate, configure Oracle GoldenGate and database parameters, set up files in DBFS, configure commit behavior and autostart processes, and configure Oracle Clusterware.
DBA, LEVEL III TTLM Monitoring and Administering Database.docxseifusisay06
The document provides information about monitoring, administering, and tuning a SQL Server database, including:
1) Steps for installing and configuring SQL Server.
2) The importance of database monitoring to track performance and ensure availability.
3) Tools that can be used for database monitoring and performance tuning.
4) Activities involved in database maintenance and the different editions of SQL Server 2008.
5) Methods for installing SQL Server, including local, unattended, and remote installations.
The document discusses the benefits of making the system catalogs in a relational database management system (RDBMS) as relations (tables). This approach stores schema metadata and internal bookkeeping information in relational tables and views, as advocated by the RDBMS. It allows all metadata to be made available through catalog views, which present metadata independently of the underlying implementation and are unaffected by catalog table changes. Catalog views provide the most efficient and standardized way to access core server metadata and help with query optimization.
This chapter discusses data administration and database administration. Data administration manages data resources across an organization, while database administration focuses on technical database design and issues. The chapter also covers database management systems (DBMS), concurrency control using optimistic and pessimistic approaches, and database recovery. Maintaining data integrity and recovering from failures are important functions of a DBMS.
- Oracle Data Guard is a data protection and disaster recovery solution that maintains up to 9 synchronized standby databases to protect enterprise data from failures, disasters, errors, and corruptions.
- Data Guard uses redo apply and SQL apply technologies to synchronize primary and standby databases by transmitting redo logs from the primary and applying the redo logs on the standby databases.
- Data Guard allows role transitions like switchovers and failovers between primary and standby databases to minimize downtime during planned and unplanned outages.
DBRC (Database Recovery Control) is an IMS tool that controls logging and recovery of IMS databases. It stores database recovery information in RECON (Recovery Control) data sets. DBRC manages log control, recovery control, and share control through these records. It controls online log data sets, secondary log data sets, and other logs to enable full or time stamp recovery of databases. DBRC also controls database sharing levels to determine which subsystems can access and update databases.
The document provides an overview of the Oracle Database 11g architecture, including its core components and structures. It describes how users connect to an Oracle database server, the main memory structures like the system global area and program global areas, background processes, and the physical and logical storage structures including tablespaces, data files, segments and blocks.
This document provides an introduction to Oracle 10g, including its architecture and components. It discusses the Oracle instance, System Global Area (SGA) and Program Global Area (PGA). It describes the key background processes like SMON, PMON, DBWn, LGWR, CKPT and ARCn. It also explains the critical Oracle files - parameter file, control files, redo log files and data files. Finally, it outlines Oracle's logical data structures of tablespaces, segments, extents and data blocks.
NRS-493 Individual Success PlanREQUIRED PRACTICE HOURS 100 Direct.docxhoney725342
NRS-493 Individual Success Plan
REQUIRED PRACTICE HOURS: 100 Direct Clinical Experience (50 hours community/50 hours leadership) – 25 Indirect Clinical Experience Hours.
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Complete Contact Information
Student Information
GCU
Name:
E-mail:
Phone Number:
Course Faculty Information
GCU
Name:
E-mail:
Phone Number:
Practicum Preceptor Information
Practice Setting
Name:
E-mail:
Phone Number:
ISP Instructions
Use this form to develop your Individual Success Plan (ISP) for NRS-493, the Professional Capstone and Practicum course. An individual success plan maps out what you, the RN-to-BSN student, needs to accomplish in order to be successful as you work through this course and complete your overall program of study. You will also share this with your preceptor at the beginning and end of this course so that he or she will know what you need to accomplish.
In this ISP, you will identify all of the objectives and assignments relating to the 100 direct clinical practice experience hours and the 25 indirect clinical practice hours you need to complete by the end of this course. Use this template to specify the date by which you will complete each assignment. Your plan should include a self-assessment of how you met all applicable GCU RN-to-BSN Domains & Competencies (see Appendix A). General Requirements
Use the following information to ensure successful completion of each assignment as it pertains to deliverables due in this course:
· Use the Individual Success Plan to develop a personal plan for completing your clinical practice experience hours and self-assess how you will meet the GCU RN-to-BSN University Mission Critical Competencies and the Programmatic Domains & Competencies (Appendix A) related to that course.
Show all of the major deliverables in the course, the topic/course objectives that apply to each deliverable, and lastly, align each deliverable to the applicable University Mission Critical Competencies and the course-specific Domains and Competencies (see Appendix A).
Completing your ISP does not earn clinical practice experience hours, nor does telephone conference time, or time spent with your preceptor.
· Within the Individual Success Plan, ensure you identify all graded course assignments and indirect clinical assignments listed in the table on the next page.
Topic
Graded Assignment
Indirect Clinical Assignments
Topic 1
1. Individual Success Plan
2. Reflection Journal Entry
1. List of potential topics for the change proposal
Topic 2
1. Topic Selection Approval Paper
2. Reflection Journal Entry
1. Search the literature for supporting journal articles
2. Summary of topic category; community or leadership
Topic 3
1. PICOT Question Paper
2. Reflection Journal Entry
1. List of objectives
Topic 4
1. Literature Evaluation Table
2. Reflection Journal Entry
1. List of measurable outcomes
Topic 5
1. Reflection Journal Entry
1. Summary of the strategic plan
2. Midterm E.
Now the Earth has had wide variations in atmospheric CO2-level throu.docxhoney725342
Now the Earth has had wide variations in atmospheric CO2-level throughout its long history before the evolution of humans and certainly before the Industrial Revolutions.In terms of the oceans and the Earth's whole history then could you find information to support the coal and oil industry's claims that we're NOT the cause of climate change? Do some research and cite other factors in climate besides CO2 levels that would support your claims. Also read the attached article about the controversy. Remember too that there is a lot of money and certainly politics involved in this issue. Some scientists have built their whole careers on trying to prove or disprove the human connections to global warming.
As you'll see when you do your research the figures for sea-level rise are all over the place. That's because they're based on models that are even more complex than hurricane tracking models (they drive even supercomputers nuts).
Now the term
"sea-level"
is relative. If you check a geologic map you'll see that just about every piece of land on Earth has been underwater at least once. That's why sedimentary rocks are the most common type of land surface rock. Sea-level has been up and down thousands of times in the Earth's long history. We're just living on the "latest edition" of our planet. Also the one thing that I want everybody to learn from this course: we live on the Earth and we certainly affect it but
we
DO NOT control it
even though we like to think we do. We're just riding this wet rock through space.
As for the continuing scientific controversy check out this recent article:
Climate panel: warming 'extremely likely' man-made
.
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This document provides an overview of the physical and logical structures of an Oracle database, including datafiles, control files, redo logs, and tablespaces. It also describes Oracle instances, the system global area (SGA), program global area (PGA), and background processes. Administrative tasks like backups, monitoring, and patching are discussed. Specific details are given about the Computer Science database, including its server, tablespaces, and 4mm DAT tape backup method.
This document provides an overview of an Oracle DBA walkthrough presentation. It includes a table of contents covering topics like the duties of database administrators, memory and process architecture, instance startup and shutdown, and tools for DBAs. It also introduces the presenter, Akash Pramanik, who is an Oracle DBA by profession and freelance trainer.
This document provides a collection of 17 frequently asked questions (FAQs) about Oracle database concepts. It includes concise definitions and explanations of key terms such as Oracle, Oracle database, Oracle instance, parameter file, system global area, program global area, user account, schema, user role, and more. It also provides sample scripts and is intended as a learning and interview preparation guide for Oracle DBAs.
The Oracle Optimizer uses both rule-based optimization and cost-based optimization to determine the most efficient execution plan for SQL statements. It considers factors like available indexes, data access methods, and sort usage to select the optimal plan. The optimizer can operate in different modes and generates execution plans that describe the chosen strategy. Tuning the optimizer settings and database design can help it select more efficient plans.
Oracle Autonomous Health Framework (AHF) White PaperAnkita Khandelwal
Oracle 12c Release 2 introduces new Oracle Autonomous Health Framework, a collaborative framework whose components work 24x7 to autonomously to ensure continuous availability and consistent performance of database systems while minimizing human effort!
Oracle 11G introduces several new features including Flashback Data Archive for extended data recovery, Database Replay for testing system changes, SQL Performance Analyzer for comparing SQL statement performance before and after changes, and Automatic Diagnostic Repository for proactive health checking and problem resolution. Other new features include online patching, simplified memory management with a single MEMORY_TARGET parameter, enhanced SQL Access Advisor, virtual columns, invisible indexes, and transparent tablespace encryption.
The document describes the architecture of Oracle 11g. It discusses the key components of an Oracle instance which includes the System Global Area (SGA) and background processes. The SGA is made up of several memory structures like the shared pool, database buffer cache, and redo log buffer. The document also describes the various mandatory and optional background processes like DBWR, LGWR, SMON, PMON and their functions.
Logical replication allows migration between different hardware, operating systems, and Oracle versions with minimal downtime. It works by reading the redo logs of the source database in real time and applying the changes to the target database. Some preparation is required, such as testing and validating the migration. If issues occur during cutover to the 12c target, the original production system remains intact with no data risk. Logical replication provides an effective method for migrating to Oracle 12c with zero or near-zero downtime.
The document provides an introduction to Oracle Data Guard and high availability concepts. It discusses how Data Guard maintains standby databases to protect primary database data from failures, disasters, and errors. It describes different types of standby databases, including physical and logical standby databases, and how redo logs are applied from the primary database to keep the standbys synchronized. Real-time apply is also introduced, which allows for more up-to-date synchronization between databases with faster failover times.
The document discusses process management in data warehousing. It describes the typical components involved - load manager, warehouse manager, and query manager. The load manager is responsible for extracting, transforming and loading data. The warehouse manager manages the data in the warehouse through indexing, aggregation and normalization. The query manager directs user queries to appropriate tables. Additionally, the document outlines the three perspectives for process modeling - conceptual, logical, and physical. The conceptual perspective represents interrelationships abstractly, the logical captures structure and data characteristics, while the physical provides execution details.
This document discusses backup and recovery of SQL Server databases. It explains that there are three types of database backups: full, differential, and transaction log backups. It provides steps for creating a full database backup and restoring from a backup. Backups protect from data loss due to failures like hardware issues, user errors, or disasters. However, backups require storage space and recovery is only possible from the last full backup. Regular backups are important for database administration and disaster recovery.
This document discusses best practices for configuring Oracle GoldenGate to work with Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC), Oracle Clusterware, and Oracle Database File System (DBFS). It recommends storing Oracle GoldenGate trail files, checkpoint files, and other files in DBFS to provide high availability, recoverability, and failover capabilities. The document outlines steps to set up DBFS on RAC, install Oracle GoldenGate, configure Oracle GoldenGate and database parameters, set up files in DBFS, configure commit behavior and autostart processes, and configure Oracle Clusterware.
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The document provides information about monitoring, administering, and tuning a SQL Server database, including:
1) Steps for installing and configuring SQL Server.
2) The importance of database monitoring to track performance and ensure availability.
3) Tools that can be used for database monitoring and performance tuning.
4) Activities involved in database maintenance and the different editions of SQL Server 2008.
5) Methods for installing SQL Server, including local, unattended, and remote installations.
The document discusses the benefits of making the system catalogs in a relational database management system (RDBMS) as relations (tables). This approach stores schema metadata and internal bookkeeping information in relational tables and views, as advocated by the RDBMS. It allows all metadata to be made available through catalog views, which present metadata independently of the underlying implementation and are unaffected by catalog table changes. Catalog views provide the most efficient and standardized way to access core server metadata and help with query optimization.
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- Oracle Data Guard is a data protection and disaster recovery solution that maintains up to 9 synchronized standby databases to protect enterprise data from failures, disasters, errors, and corruptions.
- Data Guard uses redo apply and SQL apply technologies to synchronize primary and standby databases by transmitting redo logs from the primary and applying the redo logs on the standby databases.
- Data Guard allows role transitions like switchovers and failovers between primary and standby databases to minimize downtime during planned and unplanned outages.
DBRC (Database Recovery Control) is an IMS tool that controls logging and recovery of IMS databases. It stores database recovery information in RECON (Recovery Control) data sets. DBRC manages log control, recovery control, and share control through these records. It controls online log data sets, secondary log data sets, and other logs to enable full or time stamp recovery of databases. DBRC also controls database sharing levels to determine which subsystems can access and update databases.
The document provides an overview of the Oracle Database 11g architecture, including its core components and structures. It describes how users connect to an Oracle database server, the main memory structures like the system global area and program global areas, background processes, and the physical and logical storage structures including tablespaces, data files, segments and blocks.
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NRS-493 Individual Success PlanREQUIRED PRACTICE HOURS 100 Direct.docxhoney725342
NRS-493 Individual Success Plan
REQUIRED PRACTICE HOURS: 100 Direct Clinical Experience (50 hours community/50 hours leadership) – 25 Indirect Clinical Experience Hours.
P
R
A
C
T
I
C
E
E
X
P
E
R
I
E
N
C
E
Complete Contact Information
Student Information
GCU
Name:
E-mail:
Phone Number:
Course Faculty Information
GCU
Name:
E-mail:
Phone Number:
Practicum Preceptor Information
Practice Setting
Name:
E-mail:
Phone Number:
ISP Instructions
Use this form to develop your Individual Success Plan (ISP) for NRS-493, the Professional Capstone and Practicum course. An individual success plan maps out what you, the RN-to-BSN student, needs to accomplish in order to be successful as you work through this course and complete your overall program of study. You will also share this with your preceptor at the beginning and end of this course so that he or she will know what you need to accomplish.
In this ISP, you will identify all of the objectives and assignments relating to the 100 direct clinical practice experience hours and the 25 indirect clinical practice hours you need to complete by the end of this course. Use this template to specify the date by which you will complete each assignment. Your plan should include a self-assessment of how you met all applicable GCU RN-to-BSN Domains & Competencies (see Appendix A). General Requirements
Use the following information to ensure successful completion of each assignment as it pertains to deliverables due in this course:
· Use the Individual Success Plan to develop a personal plan for completing your clinical practice experience hours and self-assess how you will meet the GCU RN-to-BSN University Mission Critical Competencies and the Programmatic Domains & Competencies (Appendix A) related to that course.
Show all of the major deliverables in the course, the topic/course objectives that apply to each deliverable, and lastly, align each deliverable to the applicable University Mission Critical Competencies and the course-specific Domains and Competencies (see Appendix A).
Completing your ISP does not earn clinical practice experience hours, nor does telephone conference time, or time spent with your preceptor.
· Within the Individual Success Plan, ensure you identify all graded course assignments and indirect clinical assignments listed in the table on the next page.
Topic
Graded Assignment
Indirect Clinical Assignments
Topic 1
1. Individual Success Plan
2. Reflection Journal Entry
1. List of potential topics for the change proposal
Topic 2
1. Topic Selection Approval Paper
2. Reflection Journal Entry
1. Search the literature for supporting journal articles
2. Summary of topic category; community or leadership
Topic 3
1. PICOT Question Paper
2. Reflection Journal Entry
1. List of objectives
Topic 4
1. Literature Evaluation Table
2. Reflection Journal Entry
1. List of measurable outcomes
Topic 5
1. Reflection Journal Entry
1. Summary of the strategic plan
2. Midterm E.
Now the Earth has had wide variations in atmospheric CO2-level throu.docxhoney725342
Now the Earth has had wide variations in atmospheric CO2-level throughout its long history before the evolution of humans and certainly before the Industrial Revolutions.In terms of the oceans and the Earth's whole history then could you find information to support the coal and oil industry's claims that we're NOT the cause of climate change? Do some research and cite other factors in climate besides CO2 levels that would support your claims. Also read the attached article about the controversy. Remember too that there is a lot of money and certainly politics involved in this issue. Some scientists have built their whole careers on trying to prove or disprove the human connections to global warming.
As you'll see when you do your research the figures for sea-level rise are all over the place. That's because they're based on models that are even more complex than hurricane tracking models (they drive even supercomputers nuts).
Now the term
"sea-level"
is relative. If you check a geologic map you'll see that just about every piece of land on Earth has been underwater at least once. That's why sedimentary rocks are the most common type of land surface rock. Sea-level has been up and down thousands of times in the Earth's long history. We're just living on the "latest edition" of our planet. Also the one thing that I want everybody to learn from this course: we live on the Earth and we certainly affect it but
we
DO NOT control it
even though we like to think we do. We're just riding this wet rock through space.
As for the continuing scientific controversy check out this recent article:
Climate panel: warming 'extremely likely' man-made
.
NR224 Fundamentals SkillsTopic Safety Goals BOOK P.docxhoney725342
This document discusses a nursing fundamentals skills assignment on safety goals. The assignment introduces students to the National Patient Safety Goals developed by The Joint Commission, specifically the Speak Up Initiatives program, which is designed to empower patients to take an active role in their own healthcare safety by speaking up about concerns. The document provides guidelines for the assignment and references a nursing fundamentals textbook for further information.
Clinical mentors were interviewed about their experiences mentoring culturally and linguistically diverse nursing students. Mentors stated that empathy motivated them but they experienced a lack of support which caused strain. While mentors initially had fears of unknown cultures, positive mentoring experiences reduced this fear. Continuous education on intercultural communication could help mentors develop expertise to benefit students, patients, and staff.
Now that you’ve seen all of the elements contributing to the Devil’s.docxhoney725342
Now that you’ve seen all of the elements contributing to the Devil’s Canyon enterprise architecture, Justin wants to move forward with developing privacy policies to ensure videos aren’t distributed or uploaded to the net without the consent of the people in them. This opens a much larger conversation: Devil’s Canyon is also in need of a complete security plan, as well as risk assessments.
In a 2- to 3-page rationale and table,
prepare
the following information to present to the Devil’s Canyon team:
Explain the relationship between policies and security plans. Identify potential policy needs, noting Justin’s privacy policy, in relation to the Devil’s Canyon enterprise structure.
Outline the importance of a security plan in relation to security roles and safeguards.
Analyze at least 5 security-related risks/threats that Devil’s Canyon may face.
Assess the probability and impact to the Devil’s Canyon if each risk occurs. Based on these two factors, determine the overall risk level. For purposes of this assignment, evaluate and categorize each factor as low, medium, or high, and create a table to illustrate the risks. For example, a risk/threat with a low likelihood of occurrence and a high impact would represent an overall medium risk.
Consider digital elements mentioned in the designing of the enterprise architecture, such as software, hardware, proposed security measures, smart lift tickets, web cam systems, and smartphones.
.
NR360 We Can But Dare We.docx Revised 5 ‐ 9 .docxhoney725342
NR360 We Can But Dare We.docx Revised 5 ‐ 9 ‐ 16 DA/LS/psb 07.14.16 1
NR360 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HEALTHCARE
Required Uniform Assignment: We Can, but Dare We?
PURPOSE
The purpose of this assignment is to investigate smartphone and social media use in healthcare and to
apply professional, ethical, and legal principles to their appropriate use in healthcare technology.
Course Outcomes
This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes.
• CO #4: Investigate safeguards and decision‐making support tools embedded in patient
care technologies and information systems to support a safe practice environment for
both patients and healthcare workers. (PO 4)
• CO #6: Discuss the principles of data integrity, professional ethics, and legal
requirements related to data security, regulatory requirements, confidentiality, and
client’s right to privacy. (PO 6)
• CO #8: Discuss the value of best evidence as a driving force to institute change in the
delivery of nursing care (PO 8)
DUE DATE
See Course Schedule in Syllabus. The college’s Late Assignment Policy applies to this activity.
TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE
This assignment is worth a total of 240 points.
Requirements
1. Research, compose, and type a scholarly paper based on the scenario described below, and
choose a conclusion scenario to discuss within the body of your paper. Reflect on lessons
learned in this class about technology, privacy concerns, and legal and ethical issues and
addressed each of these concepts in the paper, reflecting on the use of smartphones and social
media in healthcare. Consider the consequences of such a scenario. Do not limit your review of
the literature to the nursing discipline only because other health professionals are using the
technology, and you may need to apply critical thinking skills to its applications in this scenario.
2. Use Microsoft Word and APA formatting. Consult your copy of the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association, sixth edition, as well as the resources in Doc Sharing if you
have questions (e.g., margin size, font type and size (point), use of third person, etc.). Take
NR360 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HEALTHCARE
NR360 We Can But Dare We.docx Revised 5 ‐ 9 ‐ 16 DA/LS/psb 07.14.16 2
advantage of the writing service SmartThinking, which is accessed by clicking on the link called
the Tutor Source, found under the Course Home area.
3. The length of the paper should be four to five pages, excluding the title page and the reference
page. Limit the references to a few key sources (minimum of three required).
4. The paper will contain an introduction that catches the attention of the reader, states the
purpose of the paper, and provides a narrative outline of what will follow (i.e., the assignment
criteria).
5. In the body of the paper, discuss the scenario in relation to HIPAA, leg.
Nurse Practitioner Diagnosis- Chest Pain.
SOAP
S-Subjective
O-Objective
A-Assessment
P-Plan
One Page Only
Please use attachment only. Copy and paste it into *SOAP*
I OSCE1-Chest Pain attached and copy and paste into the temple.
.
NURS 6002 Foundations of Graduate StudyAcademic and P.docxhoney725342
NURS 6002: Foundations of Graduate Study
Academic and Professional Success Plan Template
Prepared by:
<INSERT NAME>
Professional Development
Statement of Purpose
My main objective is to complete my master’s degree so as to qualify as a psych nurse practitioner. My focus is to learn how I can apply the knowledge I have gained from this program in delivering high-quality patient care. Consequently, I have developed several goals that I need to achieve so that they can help me in meeting y main objective.
Curriculum Vitae for Psych Nurse
PROFESIONAL BACKGROUND
Graduate in Psych Nursing from Warren University with experience of more than two years in nursing practice. Skill as a youth coach, identifying problems, and applying the most appropriate techniques for each case. Collaborator, team worker, with a good relationship with patients and experienced in preparing patient care programs.
COMPETENCES
-Diagnosis of problems.
-Direct interventions.
-Consultation and treatment.
-Development of programs.
-Easy for personal relationships.
-Collaborative team worker.
-Experience with students with special needs.
-Good adaptation to different tasks.
EXPERIENCE
· John Hopkins Hospital Practice in Psych Nursing from January 2017 to the present
· One-time actions with conflictive patients in crisis situations.
· Preparation of intervention projects in the hospital environment for patients at risk of social exclusion.
TRAINING
· Degree in Psych nursing. Walden University
CERTIFICATES
SOCIAL WORK
· Volunteer in Walden community working with minors in areas of social exclusion.
LANGUAGES
· English
SKILLS VOCATION
· Service.
· Responsibility and seriousness.
· Pharmacology knowledge.
· Ability to work under pressure and in emergency situations.
· Knowledge of nutrition and psychology.
· Resolute person.
· dealing with older adults and children.
· Extensive use of computer tools.
Professional Development Goals
The first thing that should be noted is that psych nursing is a recent academic option, which is highly relevant that more people are trained in it and help to broaden and deepen the scientific foundation of the care it offers. Although the psych nurses are already able to carry out different activities without the need for another health professional to indicate them, it is important that they can acquire greater independence so that their contribution is even greater, which is my first professional development goal. Therefore, the degree in psych nursing must be strengthened, with studies and evidence that allow the framework of the work of those who practice it to grow and, in turn, encourage its professionals to intervene promptly to avoid complicating the medical situation of a patient.
I would like to be supportive, have a vocation for service, be responsible, and be organized. It is these basic qualities that will allow me to develop a nursing career. The organization and responsibility would be oriented there because the nurse, by nat.
Nurse workforce shortage are predicted to get worse as baby boomers .docxhoney725342
Nurse workforce shortage are predicted to get worse as baby boomers age and healthcare needs increase (AACN, n.d.). Registered nurse openings increase as nurses are retiring and leaving the workforce for various reasons such as burnout (AACN, n.d.). Enrollment increases to nursing educational programs does not meet the demand for nurses (AACN, n.d.). Nursing leader interventions that will impact the shortage is a focus on retention of nurses, attention to safe staffing ratios, and attention to quality care.
.
Now, for the exam itself. Below are 4 questions. You need to answer .docxhoney725342
Now, for the exam itself. Below are 4 questions. You need to answer 2 of them with a mix of your ideas, quotes from the text, and some secondary research (non-Wikipedia, non-Litcharts). I am looking for about 5 pages for both mini-essays combined. The due date will be April 9 by 11:59pm. No extensions.
Questions:
1. Often we attribute cowardice for Hamlet’s lack of action in the face of an obvious call for revenge. Is there some other way to view Hamlet the character?
2. The death of Ophelia comes as a result of the dual grief for the loss of her father and the loss of her true love . Why would you say that Hamlet reacts so radically different to the same circumstances?
3. What would you say is the horror that Kurtz sees in his mind’s eye moments before his death? Is it simply a late late condemnation of colonialism?
4. Marlowe’s lie in Chapter 3 has been written about to death in academic circles. Gather two analytical interpretations of the lie and offer me another way of looking at this climactic moment.
.
Nur-501-AP4- Philosophical and Theoretical Evidence-Based research.docxhoney725342
Nur-501-AP4- Philosophical and Theoretical Evidence-Based research
Watson’s philosophy and science of caring has four major concepts: human being, health, environment/society, and nursing Butts & Rich, 2015). In Watson’s view, the disease might be cured, but illness would remain because, without caring, health is not attained. Caring is the essence of nursing and connotes responsiveness between the nurse and the person; the nurse co-participates with the person. Watson contends that caring can assist the person to gain control, become knowledgeable, and promote health changes.
According to Watson (2009), the core of the Theory of Caring is that “humans cannot be treated as objects and that humans cannot be separated from self, other, nature, and the larger workforce.” Her theory encompasses the whole world of nursing; with the emphasis placed on the interpersonal process between the caregiver and care recipient. The theory is focused on “the centrality of human caring and on the caring-to-caring transpersonal relationship and its healing potential for both the one who is caring and the one who is being cared for” (Watson, 2009). The structure for the science of caring is built upon ten carative factors. Among them are human altruistic values, faith-hope, sensitivity to one’s self or other, trust, human caring relationship, and promotion of self-expression (.
Watson defines Human being as a valued person to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood, and assisted, in general a philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self. Personhood is viewed as greater than and different from the sum of his or her parts which are mind-body-soul-connection (Butt & Rich 2015)
The personhood concept in Watson theory of caring implies that patients are not all the same. Each person brings a unique background of experiences, values, and cultural perspective to health care encounter. Caring facilitates a nurse’s ability to know a patient, allowing the nurse to recognize a patient’s problem and find and implement individualized solution on the patient’s unique needs.
Knowing the person allows the nurse to avoid assumptions, to center on the one cared for (Keller, 2013). It also gives the nurse to opportunity to assess thoroughly by seeking clues to clarify the issue that the individual is going through.
The concept of personhood also integrates the human caring processes with healing environment, incorporating the life-generating and life receiving processes of human caring and healing for nurses and their patient. The concept put emphasis on developing a caring relationship with the person as a nurse and listen to the person’ stories to fully understand the meaning an impact of the individual’s condition. This information and understanding helps in the development and delivery of individualized patient centered care. The transpersonal caring theory rejects disease orientation to health care and places care before cure. When the .
NU32CH19-Foltz ARI 9 July 2012 1945Population-Level Inter.docxhoney725342
NU32CH19-Foltz ARI 9 July 2012 19:45
Population-Level Intervention
Strategies and Examples
for Obesity Prevention
in Children∗
Jennifer L. Foltz,1 Ashleigh L. May,1 Brook Belay,1
Allison J. Nihiser,2 Carrie A. Dooyema,1
and Heidi M. Blanck1
1Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, 2Division of Population Health,
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341; email: [email protected]
Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2012. 32:391–415
First published online as a Review in Advance on
April 23, 2012
The Annual Review of Nutrition is online at
nutr.annualreviews.org
This article’s doi:
10.1146/annurev-nutr-071811-150646
0199-9885/12/0821-0391$20.00
∗This is a work of the U.S. Government and is
not subject to copyright protection in the
United States.
Keywords
obesity prevention, children, nutrition, physical activity, interventions
Abstract
With obesity affecting approximately 12.5 million American youth,
population-level interventions are indicated to help support healthy
behaviors. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of
population-level intervention strategies and specific intervention exam-
ples that illustrate ways to help prevent and control obesity in children
through improving nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Informa-
tion is summarized within the settings where children live, learn, and
play (early care and education, school, community, health care, home).
Intervention strategies are activities or changes intended to promote
healthful behaviors in children. They were identified from (a) systematic
reviews; (b) evidence- and expert consensus–based recommendations,
guidelines, or standards from nongovernmental or federal agencies;
and finally (c) peer-reviewed synthesis reviews. Intervention examples
illustrate how at least one of the strategies was used in a particular
setting. To identify interventions examples, we considered (a) peer-
reviewed literature as well as (b) additional sources with research-tested
and practice-based initiatives. Researchers and practitioners may use
this review as they set priorities and promote integration across settings
and to find research- and practice-tested intervention examples that can
be replicated in their communities for childhood obesity prevention.
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NU32CH19-Foltz ARI 9 July 2012 19:45
IOM: Institute of
Medicine
Contents
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
INTERVENTIONS BY
SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Early Care and Education . . . . . . . . . . 394
School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Health .
Nurse Working in the CommunityDescribe the community nurses.docxhoney725342
Nurse Working in the Community
Describe the community nurse's roles in assisting individuals, families, and communities. Include what barriers or challenges the nurse would need to overcome to achieve these goals.
Reference: Stanhope, M. & Lancaster, J. (2018). Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing (5 th ed.). Elsevier. (e-Book)
.
nursing diagnosis1. Decreased Cardiac Output related to Alter.docxhoney725342
nursing diagnosis
1. Decreased Cardiac Output
related to Altered myocardial contractility
2.
Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
related to immobility
3.
Activity Intolerance
related to immobility
4. Risk for Infection related to Inadequate primary defenses: broken skin, traumatized tissues; environmental exposure
5. Risk for Impaired Gas Exchange related to Alveolar/capillary membrane changes: interstitial, pulmonary edema, congestion
6.
Excess Fluid Volume related to
increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production, and sodium/water retention.
.
Nursing Documentation Is it valuable Discuss the value of nursin.docxhoney725342
"Nursing Documentation: Is it valuable?" Discuss the value of nursing documentation in healthcare planning. Compare these purposes with the documentation format used in your area of practice. What are potential uses of the data you collect beyond the care of the individual patient?
Please reference Sewell, J. (2016). Informatics & Nursing:
Opportunities & Challenges
(5th ed.) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia.
.
NR631 Concluding Graduate Experience - Scope : Project Management & Leadership
(This document must be attached as an appendix to the professional, scholarly paper explaining what you are doing. Include title page, headings, introduction, body of paper, summary and at least three current, relevant references. All information in this form below must be professional, complete sentences in APA format)
Appendix A: Scope Statement
Organization’s Name:
Project’s Name:
Project Manager:
Sponsor(s), Title:
Organizational Priority (High, Medium, Low):
______________________________________________________________________
Mission Statement:
Measureable Project Objectives – (Use 5 W’s and H. Sipes, 2016):
Justification of Project:
Implementation Strategy:
Project Resources – Human and Technical:
Completion Date:
Measures of Success – Include all Metrics:
Assumptions:
Constraints:
APPROVALSPrint or Type NameSignatureDate
Project Manager Approval:
Owner or Sponsor Title and Approval:
This document must be approved by sponsor before submission to Dropbox
Project Scope and Charter
Guidelines and Scoring Rubric
Purpose
This assignment is designed to help students lay the groundwork for their project plans with the help of mentors and professors. The mentor becomes a team member for the project that the student will manage. The student will identify the stakeholders, the project priority, how the measurable goals will be met for a successful project, and who will receive the report of the results of the project. The scope document describes the parameters of the project, including what can and cannot be accomplished and the measurable objectives and outcome measures. The project charter describes and defines the project. When the sponsor signs off on the project, it becomes the document that authorizes the project.
Week 2, you will complete the project scope and charter. Based on the information from the mentor and professor, each student finalizes and completes the project charter and scope documents or statements. The project scope must be approved by your practicum organization. Your mentor should help you obtain approval. Project approval must be received prior to submitting these documents. Appendices are provided for both of these documents in Course Resources.
Due Date: Sunday at 11:59 p.m. MT at the end of Week 2
Total Points Possible: 100
Requirements
1. Complete the Project Scope document, including signatures of approval.
1. Complete the Project Charter document.
1. Documents are attached as appendices to a professional scholarly paper following the guidelines for writing professional papers found in Course Resources.
1. Grammar, spelling, punctuation, references, and citations are consistent with formal academic writing and APA format as expressed in the sixth edition of the manual.
Preparing the Paper
1. All aspects of the Project Scope document must be completed, including signatures.
1. All aspects o.
Number 11. Describe at least five populations who are vulner.docxhoney725342
Number 1
1. Describe at least five populations who are vulnerable to PTSD
2. What are eight DSM5 criteria for PTSD
3. Describe possible signs and symptoms a client experiencing PTSD could exhibit
4. Describe at least five triggers and how they can be manifested in client experiencing PTSD
5. Describe five treatment options for clients experiencing PTSD
Number 2
1) Describe some day to day challenges that face people who are voice hearers
2) Explain the subjective experience of hearing voices that are disturbing
3) Describe cultural humility for people who hear distressing voices through self-reflection, self-awareness and self-critique
4) What other conditions can stimulate or trigger hearing voices in the mind?
.
ntertainment, the media, and sometimes public leaders can perpetuate.docxhoney725342
ntertainment, the media, and sometimes public leaders can perpetuate anxieties about the prevalence of crime, leading to feelings of vulnerability. Was there ever a more innocent, less crime-ridden era? If so, might the country be able to return to this state of perceived safety sometime in the future?
For this Discussion, imagine you are designing the police force of the future. Would you choose to expand or restrict that force’s role? Consider also how your decision might change the public perception of crime and safety.
By Day 3 of Week 2
Post:
To what degree do you think the role of law enforcement
should or should not
expand in the future? Why?
.
Now that you have completed Lesson 23 & 24 and have thought a.docxhoney725342
Now that you have completed Lesson 23 & 24 and have thought about the factors that affect the health of various communities, do the following:
Identify prevalent issues or diseases that affect the health of your community (the specific populations you serve).
Compare and contrast two (2) specific populations in your practice that are affected by the above issue(s) or disease(s) by listing their commonalities and their differences.
Base on the information above, how can you change or refine your practice to meet each community's specific needs?
Your paper should:
be typed doubled-space.
a total of 100 to 200 words (not counting your list of commonalities and differences).
Use factual information.
be original work and will be checked for plagiarism.
have required APA format if references are utilized – type references according to the
APA Style Guide
.
.
nothing wrong with the paper, my professor just wants it to be in an.docxhoney725342
nothing wrong with the paper, my professor just wants it to be in an outline format and also include how this information is relevant to the Saint Leo University Core Values of
Excellence
and
Integrity
in the context of health care policy analysis.
I will attach the original paper that was submitted as well as the guideline that my professor provided me. The topic cannot be changed "Drug enforcement program for WIC".
.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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1 ISACA JOURNAL VOLUME 1, 2012FeatureThe ability to r.docx
1. 1 ISACA JOURNAL VOLUME 1, 2012
Feature
The ability to restore databases from valid
backups is a vital part of ensuring business
continuity. Backup integrity and restorations
are an important piece of the IT Governance
Institute’s IT Control Objectives for Sarbanes-
Oxley, 2nd Edition. In many instances, IT auditors
merely confirm whether backups are being
performed either to disk or to tape, without
considering the integrity or viability of the
backup media.
This article covers the topics related to
data loss and the types of database backup
and recovery available. Best practices that can
assist an auditor in assessing the effectiveness
of database backup and recovery are also
provided. This article focuses on the technologies
and capabilities of the Oracle relational
database management system (RDBMS) and
Microsoft (MS) SQL Server because, together,
they cover approximately 40 percent of all
database installations. Figure 1 provides a short
comparison of Oracle and MS SQL Server.
One of the key responsibilities of a database
administrator (DBA) is to prepare for the
possibility of media, hardware and software
failure as well as to recover databases during a
2. disaster. Should any of these failures occur, the
major objective is to ensure that the database
is available to users within an acceptable time
period, while ensuring that there is no loss of
data. DBAs should evaluate their preparedness
to respond effectively to such situations by
answering the following questions:
• How confident is the DBA that the data on which
the company business depends are backed up
successfully and that the data can be recovered
from these backups within the permissible time
limits, per a service level agreement (SLA)
or recovery time objective, as specified in the
organization’s disaster recovery plan?
• Has the DBA taken measures to draft and test
the procedures to protect as well as recover the
databases from numerous types of failures?
The following is a checklist for database
backup and recovery procedures that are
explained throughout this article:
1. Develop a comprehensive backup plan.
2. Perform effective backup management.
3. Perform periodic databases restore testing.
4. Have backup and recovery SLAs drafted and
communicated to all stakeholders.
5. Have the disaster recovery plan (DRP)
database portion drafted and documented.
6. Keep your knowledge and know-how on
database and OS backup and recovery tools up
to date.
3. Comprehensive BaCkup plan
DBAs are responsible for making a
comprehensive backup plan for databases for
which they are accountable. The backup plan
should include all types of RDBMSs within the
enterprise and should cover the following areas:
• Decide what needs to be backed up. It is
imperative that the DBA be aware of database
and related OS and application components
that need to be backed up, whether via an
online backup or an offline cold backup.
The following are details of what needs to be
backed up:
– OS software—An event such as a hardware
failure will require a complete system restore,
starting with the OS, so there is a need to back
up the database server OS initially and after any
system updates or configuration changes.
– RDBMS software—The RDBMS software
should be backed up initially and after any
patches/upgrades.
– Application software where applicable—
This applies especially to Oracle E-Business
Suite, Oracle Application Server and Oracle
Enterprise Manager (OEM). The application
DBA should complete an initial full backup of
the applications to disk using an appropriate
OS command and, then, schedule future
incremental backups, e.g., after any patches/
upgrades. These backups should also be
transferred to tape.
4. ali navid akhtar, oCp, has
more than two decades of
experience with databases.
He works as a lead database
administrator at Solo Cup Co.
Jeff Buchholtz has more
than 18 years of design,
implementation and support
of global IT technology
solutions. He works in an
IT leadership role and is an
Oracle database administrator.
michael ryan, Cia, Cpa,
is the director of internal
audit for Solo Cup Co., with
the primary responsibility of
building and executing
US Sarbanes-Oxley Act 404
5. compliance strategies.
kumar setty, Cisa, has more
than 10 years of experience
in the areas of data analysis,
systems administration,
auditing and computer
security. He is a manager at
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
Database Backup and Recovery Best Practices
Do you have
something
to say about this
article?
Visit the Journal
pages of the ISACA
web site (www.isaca.
org/journal), find the
article, and choose
the Comments tab to
share your thoughts.
Go directly to the article:
2ISACA JOURNAL VOLUME 1, 2012
6. Figure 1—Comparison of oracle and ms sQl server
item oracle rDBms ms sQl server rDBms
General
In Oracle, a database when started refers to the entire Oracle
RDBMS environment, including memory structures and
background processes called Oracle instance and control files,
datafiles, online redo logs and some other files, such as the
parameter or server parameter file and the password file.
An instance of SQL Server when executed allocates memory
pools, uses background processes, and has multiple databases
including system and user databases. The master database is
the main system database that contains the system catalog as
well as some information about individual databases.
Catalogs
Each Oracle database runs on one centralized system catalog, or
data dictionary, which resides in the SYSTEM tablespace.
In SQL Server, the system catalog, which is analogous to the
Oracle data dictionary, is broken up among the individual
databases, the master database, and the (hidden and read-only)
resource database (found in later versions).
storage
structures
The Oracle RDBMS is comprised of logical structures called
tablespaces, which, in turn, are comprised of physical datafiles.
Tablespaces/datafiles are formatted into internal units, called
blocks. An Oracle extent contains a chain of contiguous blocks
7. and varies in size.
SQL Server uses filegroups, which are logical containers of one
or more files. Data contained within a filegroup is
proportionally
filled across all files belonging to the filegroup. SQL Server
formats files into internal units called pages, which are
organized into extents that are fixed in size.
logins
Oracle provides logins for authorized users to connect to the
database, which are referred to as the user or username,
and any operation the user can perform is controlled by the
privileges granted to the login.
In SQL Server, the login enables a user to connect to an
instance. However, access to other databases within the
instance is not automatic and is controlled by additional
accounts (called users) that are created in each of the databases
to which the login requires access. The privileges at the
instance
level are assigned to the login, and privileges inside a database
are given to the related database user. A database user is
mapped back to an instance login.
authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying that the login ID or
username supplied by a user to connect to the database belongs
to an authorized user. Oracle allows authentication through the
OS or through the database (server).
SQL Server also allows authentication through the OS or
through
the database (server). In SQL Server, the OS mode is called
8. Windows Authentication, and the database mode is called SQL
Server Authentication.
logging mode
Online redo logs are used by Oracle to record transactional
changes made to the database before those changes are
committed to the database files. Oracle also uses rollback or
undo
segments to capture an image of data before they are changed to
facilitate transaction rollback, recovery and read consistency.
In SQL Server, the redo logs are called transaction logs. A
transaction log combines the functionality of Oracle redo logs
and the rollback or undo segments. Each database in SQL
Server has one or more transaction log files.
automatic
recovery
Oracle performs automatic recovery each time it is started. It
verifies that the contents of the datafiles are coordinated with
the contents of the online redo log files. If they are not, Oracle
applies the contents of the online redo log files to the datafiles,
and then removes any uncommitted transactions that are found
in the rollback or undo segments. If Oracle cannot obtain the
information it requires from the online redo log files, it consults
the archived redo log files.
SQL Server also performs automatic data recovery by checking
each database in the system each time it is started. It first
checks the master database, and then launches threads to
recover all of the other databases in the system. For each SQL
Server database, the automatic recovery mechanism checks the
transaction log for any committed and uncommitted transactions
and applies these to the database. Each database has its own
9. transaction log, which records all changes to the database.
Backup and
recovery
In Oracle, backup methods can be categorized as physical
and logical. There are two ways to perform Oracle physical
backup and recovery: Recovery Manager (RMAN) and user-
managed backup and recovery. Oracle segments its backups by
consistent and inconsistent states. These can also be viewed as
cold or hot backups.
SQL Server offers full, differential, partial and transaction log
backups, which aid in complete recovery of databases during
disk, server or instance failure. There are a variety of hot and
cold
backups available in SQL Server to suit any business
environment.
SQL Server databases can also be quickly detached and the files
copied, and then they can be attached to another instance.
logical
backups
The goal of a logical backup is to be able to recover at the
individual schema object level. In Oracle, logical backups are
mainly performed using the Export or Data Pump utility. This
utility exports the schema objects into a binary file, which can
be read only by the Import or Data Pump utility, and imports the
schema objects into a database.
In SQL Server, individual schema objects can be backed up
to flat files in any of the supported file formats. Then flat files
can be restored using tools such as the bulk copy program
(bcp) utility, the Import and Export Wizard, or the SQL Server
Integration Services tools.
10. 3 ISACA JOURNAL VOLUME 1, 2012
– Passwords—All superuser passwords that may be required
during recovery should be preserved. It is a good idea
to ensure that the default passwords that came with the
initial installation of the RDBMS are changed.
– All components of Oracle databases:
. Database parameter file—A parameter file or server
parameter file (SPFILE) defines persistent initialization
parameters of a database, including information about
database control files.
. Database control file(s)—The control file stores the
status of physical structure of the database. If it becomes
unavailable, the database cannot operate. It is imperative
that these files be backed up while backing up other
components of the database. In later versions of Oracle
(9i onward), the DBA can configure automatic backup
of the parameter file as well as the control file to ensure
that these get backed up after each backup and after any
structural changes in the database.
. Database data files—These should be backed up during
cold backup as well as during online backup, using
Oracle’s Recovery Manager (RMAN) or, in Oracle
Database versions in which RMAN was not introduced,
by putting tablespaces in backup mode. The DBA should
try to run all production databases in Archive log mode
so that recovery to the point of failure is possible.
. Redo log files and archived redo logs—While making a
11. cold backup, the DBA needs to backup redo logs. When
the database is running in archive log mode and doing
and online backup, the DBA needs to archive redo logs
manually or automatically and then back up all archive
redo logs.
. Oracle network files—It is important to back up all
Oracle network files initially and after any change.
. Password files—Password files when used should be
backed up initially and after any change.
– MS SQL Server databases:
. Back up both system and user databases.
. Have a separate maintenance plan for system databases,
i.e., master, model, msdb. Master supports only full
backups; tempdb backup is not required, as it gets rebuilt
during SQL Server startup.
. Back up all user databases. Set up all user databases
for full recovery model, and back up both database and
transaction logs.
• Determine the appropriate backup type to use for your data.
– Oracle databases:
1. Logical backups—This type of backup is performed
through Oracle utilities “exp.” From version 10g
onward, Data Pump can also be used. The whole
database, individual schemas, tables or tablespaces
can be backed up. Restore is done using “imp” or Data
Pump. With such backups, recovery to the point of
failure is not possible.
2. Physical offline or cold backups—The database must be
12. shut down and a copy must be made of all essential data
files and other components of the database.
3. Physical online or hot backups—This method enables
the database to be backed up while the database is up
and running. The following points should be kept in
mind while doing online backups:
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13. 4ISACA JOURNAL VOLUME 1, 2012
. Either put the tablespaces in backup mode and back up
the associated data files using an OS copy command, or
use RMAN, a robust tool provided by Oracle for backup
and recovery with version 8.x onward. Oracle adds new
functionality to this tool with each version. RMAN can
use the database control file to keep its catalog, or the
DBA can setup schema for each database, in a separate
database for RMAN catalogs.
. The DBA must review and keep in mind the RMAN
compatibility matrix for the database being backed up/
restored as well as the RMAN executable and RMAN
Catalog Database/Schema.
. DBAs must familiarize themselves with full,
incremental and differential backups and set these up
using RMAN scripts. DBAs must review their RDBMS
edition, e.g., incremental backups are not possible
in standard editions prior to Oracle 10g. To restore/
recover a database to the point of failure or a previous
point in time, the DBA must put the database in
archive log mode and back up all archived redo logs.
. It is important not to forget to back up the RMAN
catalog at the end of each backup. DBAs can do an
export backup of RMAN catalog schema.
– SQL Server databases:
1. Logical backups—In SQL Server, individual schema
objects can be backed up to flat files in any of the
supported file formats. Then flat files can be restored
using tools such as the bcp utility, the Import and Export
14. Wizard, or the SQL Server Integration Services tools.
2. Physical backups—It is recommended that all user
databases be set up for full recovery model, and both
database and transaction logs should be backed up to
restore/recover the database to the point of failure.
DBAs should thoroughly familiarize themselves with
database recovery models and full, differential and
transaction-log backups, and set these up accordingly.
File or filegroup backup strategy can be used if the
databases to be backed up are very large databases
(VLDBs) that are partitioned among multiple files.
• Establish a strategy for handling VLDB backups—In
Oracle, the DBA can reduce the backup window for VLDBs
by allocating multiple channels and fine-tuning backups, can
save disk space by using compressed backups, and can block
tracking with incremental backup techniques with the latest
versions. The DBA must review the version and edition of
the database to confirm availability of this option. If this
does not do the trick, the DBA can consider setting up
split mirror backups. For SQL Server, the DBA can
partition the database among multiple files and use the file
15. or filegroup backup strategy. Also, using multiple backup
devices in SQL Server allows backups to be written to all
devices in parallel.
• Establish an appropriate backup schedule and window—
It is good practice to select a backup window at a point
when the lowest amount of activity affects the database so
that the backup does not reduce available database server
resources and slow down the database user’s activity. The
DBA can tune the backup window by parallelizing backups
using multiple channels; however, the DBA must review the
version and edition of the database to confirm availability of
this option. In the vast majority of cases, it is best to set up
a weekly backup cycle starting with full backups on Friday
night or Saturday morning and incremental/differential
backups throughout the weekdays. Archive/transaction log
backups can be scheduled for every few hours, depending
on the volatility of the database.
• Decide where to store backups—Both Oracle and MS SQL
Server databases can be backed up directly to tape or disk
(locally or over the network), and then the backups can
be archived to tape. It is good practice to back up to disk,
transfer to tape and store tapes offsite for disaster recovery
(DR). The backups to disk are faster; DBAs have more
control and can better monitor these and, with this method,
DBAs hold two sets of backups—one on disk, the other on
tape. During restore, if backups are still on disk, it will be a
faster restore, reducing mean time to recover (MTTR).
• Read Security, Audit and Control Features Oracle
Database, 3rd Edition.
www.isaca.org/research-deliverables
• Discuss and collaborate on business continuity/
16. disaster recovery and Oracle Database in the
Knowledge Center.
www.isaca.org/knowledgecenter
5 ISACA JOURNAL VOLUME 1, 2012
• Develop a backup retention policy—The backup retention
policy relates to both the disk and tape rotation schedule and
should be decided upon based on the SLA established with the
business-user community. The data owner should specify the
retention period for the data. The retention period may vary
from months to years, depending on local laws. Accordingly,
the DBA should be deleting old backups to create space for
current backups. The data retention policy should be chosen
carefully, making sure that it complements the backup media
subsystem retention policy and requirements for the backup
recovery strategy. If not using a catalog, the DBA must ensure
that the control file record keep time instance parameter
matches the retention policy.
eFFeCtive BaCkup manaGement
After making a solid backup plan and completing initial
work, the DBA should properly manage backups, keeping the
following points in mind:
• Automating backups—For Oracle, either set backups
through OEM or use an OS scheduling tool, and Spool
output to a log file that can be reviewed for any errors. In
SQL Server, use Maintenance Plans for scheduling backups.
• Monitoring backups—Set up monitoring using appropriate
tools so that the DBA gets an e-mail or alert through a pager
or cell phone for any failed backups, which should be rerun
17. as soon as possible.
• Backup logs and catalogs—Review backup logs and backup
catalog information periodically for any issues. Use RMAN
reporting to show backup status. For Oracle, back up the
RMAN catalog database by exporting all catalog schemas
periodically as well as by doing an export backup of RMAN
catalog schema at the end of each backup. For SQL Server,
backup system databases, especially master and msdb.
• Database catalog maintenance—With Oracle databases,
use “delete obsolete” to remove backups that are outside the
organization’s retention policy. If obsolete backups are
not deleted, the catalog will continue to grow and
performance will become an issue. Cross-checking
(cross-check backup) will check that the catalog/control file
matches the physical backups.
• Validating backups—Validate and verify backups without
doing actual restores.
• Setting up dependencies—When backing up to disk, archive
these backups to tape as soon as backup to disk completes.
Set up a process so that disk backups get transferred to tape
without loss of time.
BaCkup restoration testinG
Imagine the following scenario: A flood has hit the area in
which a company’s headquarters resides, and the entire IT
infrastructure has been damaged,
but not destroyed. Before the
event, the DBAs performed
backups to the backup media,
following all of the processes
18. noted previously in this article,
and had these stored offsite.
In the enterprise’s most recent
IT audit, the auditor rated the
backup process as “effective.”
The backup media from the offsite storage is retrieved
and loaded. A message appears on-screen that states that the
backup media are “unreadable” due to integrity issues. What
could have happened?
Many things could have happened. However, it is clear
that a critical step did not happen. The restoration from
the backup media was never really tested. The control was
marked as effective because a backup process was in place
and being performed. In addition, no errors were ever
received when the enterprise backed up to the backup media.
Backups are of no use if the IT team cannot restore
the data to the system at the time of need. A DBA should
formulate a detailed strategy for this task:
1. Databases restore testing—There should be a requirement to
test database restores from disk as well as from tape backups.
2. Validating restores where possible—The DBA can validate
and verify backups without doing actual restores. Validating
backups using the “restore validate database” command will
do everything except actually restore the database. This is the
best method to determine if the backup is good and usable
before being in a situation in which it becomes critical.
3. Refreshing nonproduction databases from production
backups—It is good practice to periodically build
nonproduction databases from production backups
using appropriate backup/restore utility commands as a
19. restore practice.
4. Performing annual/biannual restore testing from tape as
part of audit—The DBA will have to explain the process
”
“Backups are of no use if the IT team
cannot restore the
data to the system
at the time of need.
6ISACA JOURNAL VOLUME 1, 2012
through a narrative, preserve logs and take screenshots to
show this type of restore testing.
5. Actual restores—During actual restores, the DBA should
back up the database before doing the restore. Depending
on the type of loss and backups available, the DBA must
decide on whether to go for complete (point-in-time) or
incomplete recovery. Incomplete recovery can be time-
based, cancel-based or change-based.
6. Strategy to recover from database corruption—For Oracle
databases, the DBA can turn on block checking using
appropriate parameters to detect the presence of corrupt
blocks in the database. This has a slight performance
overhead, but will allow early detection of corrupt blocks
caused by underlying disk, storage system or input/output
(I/O) system problems. By default, RMAN also checks for
corrupt blocks during backup. In later versions of Oracle,
RMAN can be used to repair corrupted blocks in the
database.
20. BaCkup anD reCovery sla
The DBA team must draft a backup and recovery SLA,
covering details of backup procedures and including a
timeline for recovery, and have management sign off on it.
The SLA does not assist in the recovery process itself, but sets
the user community’s (and management’s) expectations for
the recovery process, which may provide the team more time
to complete the restore process.
Disaster reCovery plan
The DBA should take care to ensure that databases are
included as a key element in the company’s overall DRP. All
stakeholders need to understand the elements of the recovery
plan and in what order the IT team will restore the databases.
The business must provide its input at this stage so that the
most business-critical applications are available as soon
as possible.
DataBase anD os BaCkup anD reCovery tools
It seems obvious, but DBAs play the final and most important
role in the process in that they must keep their knowledge of
backup and recovery tools for RDBMSs up to date. During
the actual restore event, DBAs will not have time to figure out
any advancements in backup and recovery tools.
ConClusion
The primary responsibility of the database administration
team is to review all types of RDBMSs in the enterprise and
to develop a comprehensive backup plan to conduct effective
backup management by proactively monitoring backups,
getting alerted for failed backups and rerunning these
seamlessly, without loss of time. It is good practice to back up
data to physical disk and to then archive the data to tape for
disaster recovery purposes.
21. Once an approach has been established, it is imperative
to test data restoration periodically as part of the backup and
restore strategy, and to review all options before executing
the actual restoration/recovery. It is important to confirm that
the DBA team is abreast of the latest backup and recovery
tools and to ensure that the team has a clearly documented
process in place with clear responsibilities. If DBAs maintain
proper backups, monitor these proactively and can provide
assurance of the recovery of data up to the point required by
the business, they have done a major part of the job for which
they were hired.
IT auditors can assist data administration teams in
strengthening their controls and data recovery processes by
validating the DBA operations, including the testing of the
recovery of data. This continuous, proactive and cooperative
effort between internal audit and the DBA team can provide
assurance to management that, in the event of a disaster, the
business’s data can be recovered.