1 constraints
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•234 views
The document discusses database constraints and integrity. It describes database constraints as conditions that relations must satisfy, including domain constraints, entity integrity constraints, and key constraints. It also covers database integrity, which ensures data is accurate, valid, and consistent by enforcing integrity constraints and validation rules before changes are made. Specifically, it aims to maintain referential integrity through relationships between tables remaining consistent.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Gravity research pdf (1)
Gravity had a budget of $100 million from Warner Brothers. Directed by Alfonso Cuaron, it starred Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as a medical engineer and astronaut who work together to survive after their shuttle is destroyed. The film was shot on location in Arizona and details the production's use of special effects. It was released on November 7th 2013 globally in theaters.
Как мобильный интернет изменит электронную коммерцию
Доклад про новый алгоритм выдачи мобильного поиска Google и исследование о готовности топ интернет-магазинов в России к этому событию.
History of music video
The history of music videos began in 1892 when George H. Thomas combined a series of images with lyrics to accompany a song, known as an illustrated song. In the 1930s-1950s, musical films became popular and included musical numbers. Michael Jackson's "Thriller" video in 1982 was groundbreaking as it advanced beyond just a performance and told a short film story. The rise of MTV in the 1980s brought music videos into the mainstream as the first music television channel.
Kundenzentriertheit im internationalen Wettbewerb am Beispiel Multichannel
Präsentation „Kundenzentriertheit im internationalen Wettbewerb am Beispiel Multichannel“ von Stephanie Reimann, Leitung E-Commerce International, bauMax AG, am Unic E-Business Breakfast vom 19. November 2015 in Wien.
Pre-sentation.pdf
Integrity semantic control refers to mechanisms used to ensure data integrity across distributed database nodes. It involves maintaining integrity constraints like entity integrity, referential integrity, and domain integrity. Common techniques used are replication to propagate changes, distributed transactions to ensure atomic commits, two phase commit protocol, distributed concurrency control to prevent conflicts, and centralized control for a global view of integrity. These techniques help maintain accurate, consistent data across nodes even with failures, updates and concurrent access.
Database Constraints.ppt
Database integrity constraints enforce rules to maintain consistency and prevent accidental data loss. There are three main types of constraints: domain integrity ensures correct data values and formats within each attribute; entity integrity guarantees that each row has a unique primary key; and referential integrity maintains relationships between related tables by ensuring foreign keys match primary keys.
Recommended
Gravity research pdf (1)
Gravity had a budget of $100 million from Warner Brothers. Directed by Alfonso Cuaron, it starred Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as a medical engineer and astronaut who work together to survive after their shuttle is destroyed. The film was shot on location in Arizona and details the production's use of special effects. It was released on November 7th 2013 globally in theaters.
Как мобильный интернет изменит электронную коммерцию
Доклад про новый алгоритм выдачи мобильного поиска Google и исследование о готовности топ интернет-магазинов в России к этому событию.
History of music video
The history of music videos began in 1892 when George H. Thomas combined a series of images with lyrics to accompany a song, known as an illustrated song. In the 1930s-1950s, musical films became popular and included musical numbers. Michael Jackson's "Thriller" video in 1982 was groundbreaking as it advanced beyond just a performance and told a short film story. The rise of MTV in the 1980s brought music videos into the mainstream as the first music television channel.
Kundenzentriertheit im internationalen Wettbewerb am Beispiel Multichannel
Präsentation „Kundenzentriertheit im internationalen Wettbewerb am Beispiel Multichannel“ von Stephanie Reimann, Leitung E-Commerce International, bauMax AG, am Unic E-Business Breakfast vom 19. November 2015 in Wien.
Pre-sentation.pdf
Integrity semantic control refers to mechanisms used to ensure data integrity across distributed database nodes. It involves maintaining integrity constraints like entity integrity, referential integrity, and domain integrity. Common techniques used are replication to propagate changes, distributed transactions to ensure atomic commits, two phase commit protocol, distributed concurrency control to prevent conflicts, and centralized control for a global view of integrity. These techniques help maintain accurate, consistent data across nodes even with failures, updates and concurrent access.
Database Constraints.ppt
Database integrity constraints enforce rules to maintain consistency and prevent accidental data loss. There are three main types of constraints: domain integrity ensures correct data values and formats within each attribute; entity integrity guarantees that each row has a unique primary key; and referential integrity maintains relationships between related tables by ensuring foreign keys match primary keys.
DBMS Integrity rule
The document discusses different types of integrity constraints in a database management system (DBMS). It defines domain, key, and referential integrity constraints. Domain integrity constraints specify valid values for attributes, such as data types, lengths, and whether null values are allowed. Key integrity constraints require primary keys to be unique. Referential integrity constraints maintain consistency between related tables by defining foreign keys. The document provides examples to illustrate each type of constraint and explains how they help ensure data integrity in the database.
Chapter3 the relational data model and the relation database constraints part2
The document discusses constraints in relational database systems. There are several types of constraints including domain constraints that restrict attribute values, key constraints like primary and unique keys, and referential integrity constraints defined by foreign keys. Transactions are used to execute database operations like insert, delete, and update in a way that maintains the integrity constraints and leaves the database in a valid state.
db promo ppt.pptx
Unlock the Power of Database Assignment Help!
Score top grades and conquer your database assignments with our expert assistance. Our team of database professionals is here to guide you through every step, from conceptualizing database designs to optimizing queries. Don't let complex assignments hold you back—get the help you need for guaranteed success!
20190326165315_ISYS6508-PPT4-W4-S5-R0.pptx
The document discusses normalization in database design. It defines normalization as a technique for producing a set of relations with desirable properties based on an enterprise's data requirements. The goals of normalization include minimizing redundancy, grouping logically related attributes together, and ensuring each attribute is represented only once. The document covers the concepts of functional dependencies, primary keys, and different normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF) involved in the normalization process. It aims to help students understand how normalization supports database design by reducing anomalies from data redundancy and updates.
Relational data base management system (Unit 1)
Introduction to Relational database management system, A definition of an RDBMS is a DBMS in which data is stored in tables and the relationships among the data are also stored in tables. The data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to change the table forms.
02010 ppt ch04
This document discusses entity relationship (ER) modeling and how it is used to design databases. It covers the key components of ER modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, connectivity, cardinality and how they are represented in an entity relationship diagram. It also discusses challenges in database design like reconciling conflicting goals and how ER modeling is an iterative process to conceptualize the database based on an organization's needs and business rules.
Summary
This document discusses vectors, force systems, and moments of force. It provides examples of torques, moments, and the cross product as they relate to force vectors. It also uses a skateboard and a hinged rectangular platform suspended by a cable as examples to illustrate moments of force and bending stresses. The document aims to explain vectors with force systems and resultants, and how moments are calculated as both scalar and vector formulations. It concludes with a problem asking the reader to find the moment about each coordinate axis of the force exerted by a cable suspending a hinged platform.
3 summary
This document introduces the topic of distributed database systems. It discusses distributed data independence and transaction atomicity. It provides a real-life example of a travel company using a distributed database with branches around the world. It then gives a quiz to test understanding of distributed database definitions, types, and functionality.
2 ddb architecture
This document discusses distributed database architecture. It describes the advantages as improved processing power through distributed processing across multiple machines, removal of single point of failure, and easier expandability. The disadvantages include increased complexity, costs, security challenges, and difficulties with integrity control and standardization. Different architectures are shared-nothing, shared-disk, and shared-memory. Distributed databases are well-suited for applications involving multiple sites like manufacturing, military systems, and airline reservations.
1 ddb
1. The document discusses types of distributed databases and distributed database architecture. It describes distributed databases as collections of shared data distributed over a computer network. Distributed databases can be either homogeneous, with all sites using the same DBMS, or heterogeneous, with different sites using different DBMSs. A distributed DBMS manages the distributed database and aims to make the distribution transparent to users.
2 countermeasures
This document discusses various countermeasures for database security including authorization, authentication, backups, journalizing, encryption, RAID technology, user-defined procedures, and checkpoints. It also discusses responses to different types of database failures such as aborted transactions, incorrect data, system failures with the database intact, and total database destruction. The preferred and alternative recovery approaches are outlined for each failure scenario.
2 countermeasures
This document discusses various countermeasures for database security including authorization, authentication, backups, journalizing, encryption, RAID technology, user-defined procedures, and checkpoints. It also discusses responses to different types of database failures such as aborted transactions, incorrect data, system failures with the database intact, and total database destruction. The preferred and alternative recovery approaches are outlined for each failure scenario.
3 summary
The document discusses database security and authorization. It covers threats to data security like human error and theft. Authentication verifies users' identities while authorization grants access privileges. Encryption encodes data for safe access. The document provides examples of improper authorization in schools and banks. It also includes a quiz on database security and authorization topics.
1 db security
Database security aims to protect data from accidental or intentional harm through threats like human error, software/hardware failures, theft, and improper access. These threats can result in losses of privacy, secrecy, confidentiality, data integrity, and availability. Countermeasures and responses to database failures help increase database security against various threats.
4 summary
This document covers transaction processing concepts including:
- Typical OLTP environments and how to recover from failures
- The ACID properties of transactions including atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability
- Transaction states like active, aborted, and committed
- Transactions as concurrency units and how they execute concurrently while maintaining serializability
- Quizzes to test understanding of transaction processing, ACID properties, transaction states, and ensuring consistency through synchronization
3 summary
This document discusses concurrency control techniques for managing concurrent execution of transactions. It provides an example of how concurrency control is needed when multiple passengers try to purchase the last remaining airline ticket. The document then covers topics like transaction serialization, pessimistic and optimistic concurrency control, locking techniques, and two-phase locking. It concludes with sample multiple choice questions about problems with concurrent transactions, methods for serialization, locking data items, and definitions of deadlock and concurrency control.
2 con control
This document discusses concurrency control techniques for databases, including pessimistic and optimistic concurrency control. It describes locking techniques used for synchronization, including binary locks, certify locks, and two-phase locking to ensure serializability. It also discusses problems that can occur with locking such as deadlocks and starvation.
1 con exe
This document discusses concurrency control and methods to ensure serializability when transactions execute concurrently in a database. It begins by describing three problems that can occur with concurrent transaction execution: lost updates, unrepeatable reads, and dirty reads. It then explains two methods for achieving serializability: multi-version concurrency control and timestamp ordering. Timestamp ordering assigns timestamps to transactions and data items and uses the timestamps to determine when transactions can read and write data items to prevent conflicts. The document also briefly mentions using concurrency control protocols that employ locking to serialize transaction access.
1 basic concepts
This document discusses transaction processing in online transaction processing (OLTP) environments. It covers typical OLTP environments like airline, banking, and trading systems. It also covers topics like transactions being atomic units of execution that must have ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) properties and can be in different states during processing. Transactions are sequences of database operations that must generate a consistent database when applied to a consistent one.
2 recovery
The document discusses database recovery from failures. It explains that a DBMS uses techniques like logging transactions, periodic backups, and mirroring databases to restore the system to a consistent state if a failure occurs. There are two types of recovery - from transaction failures, where the DBMS undoes uncommitted transactions, and from catastrophic failures like disk or system crashes, where the entire database must be restored from a backup and the log is used to replay committed transactions. Proper recovery is needed to ensure transactions are fully committed or have no effect, and that the database remains in a consistent state.
3 transaction
The document discusses the ACID properties that transactions should possess:
1. Atomicity - Transactions are atomic units that are fully completed or not completed at all.
2. Consistency - Transactions preserve consistency by ensuring the database only transitions between valid states.
3. Isolation - The execution of one transaction is isolated and not interfered with by other concurrent transactions.
4. Durability - Committed transaction changes persist in the database and survive failures through logging and recovery.
More Related Content
Similar to 1 constraints
DBMS Integrity rule
The document discusses different types of integrity constraints in a database management system (DBMS). It defines domain, key, and referential integrity constraints. Domain integrity constraints specify valid values for attributes, such as data types, lengths, and whether null values are allowed. Key integrity constraints require primary keys to be unique. Referential integrity constraints maintain consistency between related tables by defining foreign keys. The document provides examples to illustrate each type of constraint and explains how they help ensure data integrity in the database.
Chapter3 the relational data model and the relation database constraints part2
The document discusses constraints in relational database systems. There are several types of constraints including domain constraints that restrict attribute values, key constraints like primary and unique keys, and referential integrity constraints defined by foreign keys. Transactions are used to execute database operations like insert, delete, and update in a way that maintains the integrity constraints and leaves the database in a valid state.
db promo ppt.pptx
Unlock the Power of Database Assignment Help!
Score top grades and conquer your database assignments with our expert assistance. Our team of database professionals is here to guide you through every step, from conceptualizing database designs to optimizing queries. Don't let complex assignments hold you back—get the help you need for guaranteed success!
20190326165315_ISYS6508-PPT4-W4-S5-R0.pptx
The document discusses normalization in database design. It defines normalization as a technique for producing a set of relations with desirable properties based on an enterprise's data requirements. The goals of normalization include minimizing redundancy, grouping logically related attributes together, and ensuring each attribute is represented only once. The document covers the concepts of functional dependencies, primary keys, and different normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF) involved in the normalization process. It aims to help students understand how normalization supports database design by reducing anomalies from data redundancy and updates.
Relational data base management system (Unit 1)
Introduction to Relational database management system, A definition of an RDBMS is a DBMS in which data is stored in tables and the relationships among the data are also stored in tables. The data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to change the table forms.
02010 ppt ch04
This document discusses entity relationship (ER) modeling and how it is used to design databases. It covers the key components of ER modeling including entities, attributes, relationships, connectivity, cardinality and how they are represented in an entity relationship diagram. It also discusses challenges in database design like reconciling conflicting goals and how ER modeling is an iterative process to conceptualize the database based on an organization's needs and business rules.
Similar to 1 constraints (7)
Chapter3 the relational data model and the relation database constraints part2
Chapter3 the relational data model and the relation database constraints part2
More from Mr Patrick NIYISHAKA
Summary
This document discusses vectors, force systems, and moments of force. It provides examples of torques, moments, and the cross product as they relate to force vectors. It also uses a skateboard and a hinged rectangular platform suspended by a cable as examples to illustrate moments of force and bending stresses. The document aims to explain vectors with force systems and resultants, and how moments are calculated as both scalar and vector formulations. It concludes with a problem asking the reader to find the moment about each coordinate axis of the force exerted by a cable suspending a hinged platform.
3 summary
This document introduces the topic of distributed database systems. It discusses distributed data independence and transaction atomicity. It provides a real-life example of a travel company using a distributed database with branches around the world. It then gives a quiz to test understanding of distributed database definitions, types, and functionality.
2 ddb architecture
This document discusses distributed database architecture. It describes the advantages as improved processing power through distributed processing across multiple machines, removal of single point of failure, and easier expandability. The disadvantages include increased complexity, costs, security challenges, and difficulties with integrity control and standardization. Different architectures are shared-nothing, shared-disk, and shared-memory. Distributed databases are well-suited for applications involving multiple sites like manufacturing, military systems, and airline reservations.
1 ddb
1. The document discusses types of distributed databases and distributed database architecture. It describes distributed databases as collections of shared data distributed over a computer network. Distributed databases can be either homogeneous, with all sites using the same DBMS, or heterogeneous, with different sites using different DBMSs. A distributed DBMS manages the distributed database and aims to make the distribution transparent to users.
2 countermeasures
This document discusses various countermeasures for database security including authorization, authentication, backups, journalizing, encryption, RAID technology, user-defined procedures, and checkpoints. It also discusses responses to different types of database failures such as aborted transactions, incorrect data, system failures with the database intact, and total database destruction. The preferred and alternative recovery approaches are outlined for each failure scenario.
2 countermeasures
This document discusses various countermeasures for database security including authorization, authentication, backups, journalizing, encryption, RAID technology, user-defined procedures, and checkpoints. It also discusses responses to different types of database failures such as aborted transactions, incorrect data, system failures with the database intact, and total database destruction. The preferred and alternative recovery approaches are outlined for each failure scenario.
3 summary
The document discusses database security and authorization. It covers threats to data security like human error and theft. Authentication verifies users' identities while authorization grants access privileges. Encryption encodes data for safe access. The document provides examples of improper authorization in schools and banks. It also includes a quiz on database security and authorization topics.
1 db security
Database security aims to protect data from accidental or intentional harm through threats like human error, software/hardware failures, theft, and improper access. These threats can result in losses of privacy, secrecy, confidentiality, data integrity, and availability. Countermeasures and responses to database failures help increase database security against various threats.
4 summary
This document covers transaction processing concepts including:
- Typical OLTP environments and how to recover from failures
- The ACID properties of transactions including atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability
- Transaction states like active, aborted, and committed
- Transactions as concurrency units and how they execute concurrently while maintaining serializability
- Quizzes to test understanding of transaction processing, ACID properties, transaction states, and ensuring consistency through synchronization
3 summary
This document discusses concurrency control techniques for managing concurrent execution of transactions. It provides an example of how concurrency control is needed when multiple passengers try to purchase the last remaining airline ticket. The document then covers topics like transaction serialization, pessimistic and optimistic concurrency control, locking techniques, and two-phase locking. It concludes with sample multiple choice questions about problems with concurrent transactions, methods for serialization, locking data items, and definitions of deadlock and concurrency control.
2 con control
This document discusses concurrency control techniques for databases, including pessimistic and optimistic concurrency control. It describes locking techniques used for synchronization, including binary locks, certify locks, and two-phase locking to ensure serializability. It also discusses problems that can occur with locking such as deadlocks and starvation.
1 con exe
This document discusses concurrency control and methods to ensure serializability when transactions execute concurrently in a database. It begins by describing three problems that can occur with concurrent transaction execution: lost updates, unrepeatable reads, and dirty reads. It then explains two methods for achieving serializability: multi-version concurrency control and timestamp ordering. Timestamp ordering assigns timestamps to transactions and data items and uses the timestamps to determine when transactions can read and write data items to prevent conflicts. The document also briefly mentions using concurrency control protocols that employ locking to serialize transaction access.
1 basic concepts
This document discusses transaction processing in online transaction processing (OLTP) environments. It covers typical OLTP environments like airline, banking, and trading systems. It also covers topics like transactions being atomic units of execution that must have ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) properties and can be in different states during processing. Transactions are sequences of database operations that must generate a consistent database when applied to a consistent one.
2 recovery
The document discusses database recovery from failures. It explains that a DBMS uses techniques like logging transactions, periodic backups, and mirroring databases to restore the system to a consistent state if a failure occurs. There are two types of recovery - from transaction failures, where the DBMS undoes uncommitted transactions, and from catastrophic failures like disk or system crashes, where the entire database must be restored from a backup and the log is used to replay committed transactions. Proper recovery is needed to ensure transactions are fully committed or have no effect, and that the database remains in a consistent state.
3 transaction
The document discusses the ACID properties that transactions should possess:
1. Atomicity - Transactions are atomic units that are fully completed or not completed at all.
2. Consistency - Transactions preserve consistency by ensuring the database only transitions between valid states.
3. Isolation - The execution of one transaction is isolated and not interfered with by other concurrent transactions.
4. Durability - Committed transaction changes persist in the database and survive failures through logging and recovery.
3 summary
The document discusses query processing and optimization techniques. It provides an example of querying a database to find the name of the last member to borrow a book with the title "Zeus". There are several ways to structure the query, but some methods are more optimized than others. Query processing involves translating SQL queries into relational algebra operations, generating execution plans, and executing the queries. Query optimization examines multiple query plans to identify the most efficient plan to retrieve the required data.
1 query processing
The document discusses the process of query processing, which includes translating SQL queries into relational algebra, generating an evaluation plan, and executing the query. It provides examples of translating a SQL query into relational algebra expressions and generating an annotated evaluation plan specifying the detailed strategy for evaluating the query.
1 query processing
The document discusses the process of query processing, which includes translating SQL queries into relational algebra, generating an evaluation plan, and executing the query. It provides examples of translating a SQL query into relational algebra expressions and generating an annotated evaluation plan specifying the detailed strategy for evaluating the query.
2 optimization
The document discusses query optimization techniques used by database systems. It describes how a database catalog is used to estimate query execution costs. Alternative execution plans are enumerated using heuristic rules and the lowest cost plan is selected. Examples are provided of applying translation rules to optimize a query tree by pushing down select and project operations, avoiding Cartesian products, and reordering joins and selections. Cost estimation considers factors like I/O, memory usage, and computation to select a suboptimal but efficient execution plan.
2 collision
This document discusses collisions, center of mass, and impulse and momentum. It provides information on inelastic 2D collisions and notes that analyzing collisions using impulse and momentum is useful when solving for collisions between two bodies. It also defines center of mass as the point where all the mass of an object or system can be considered concentrated.
More from Mr Patrick NIYISHAKA (20)
1 constraints
- 1. Contents 1. Database Constraints and Integrity 2. Relational Algebra
- 2. 1. Database Constraints and Integrity 1. Database Constraints Constraints on the database that require relations to satisfy certain properties. Relations that satisfy all such constraints are legal relations. Constraints are conditions that must hold on all valid relation states. ◆ Types of constraints: ▪ Domain constraints. ▪ Entity integrity constraints ▪ Key constraints ▪ Referential integrity constraints
- 3. 1. Database Constraints and Integrity 2. Database Integrity Database integrity ensures that data entered into the database is accurate, valid, and consistent. Any applicable integrity constraints and data validation rules must be satisfied before permitting a change to the database. ◆ Types of Integrity: ▪ Data integrity. ▪ Entity integrity ▪ Domain integrity ▪ User-defined integrity ▪ Referential integrity
- 4. 1. Database Constraints and Integrity ▪ Referential integrity : - ensures that relationships between tables remain consistent.