1. Background to Teaching Approach, Strategy, Method, and Technique.pdf

Teaching Approach, Strategy,
Method, and Technique

•Teaching can be confusing because of all the different
words we use.
•Here, we have tried to make things clearer by explaining
the differences between teaching approaches, methods,
procedures, techniques, styles, and strategies.

• Teachers often come across terms like teaching approaches,
methods, procedures, techniques, styles, and strategies.
• But here’s the thing: not everyone understands these words in the
same way.
• Some teachers use them interchangeably, mixing up what they
mean.
• Others are very careful to use each word correctly to talk about
different aspects of teaching.

•Education is an enriching experience that involves several
facets, of which the teaching approach, strategy, method,
and technique are fundamental components.
•These aspects serve as a roadmap to guide the
teaching-learning process, each having its unique
attributes, while harmoniously operating in integration
with others.

• An approach can be described as how a teacher addresses the
process of teaching and learning.
• It essentially comprises a broad, theoretical framework that sets the
general direction of an entire learning journey.
• As an overarching principle, the approach defines the educator’s
beliefs and values relating to teaching, creating a foundation for
instructional decision-making.

• Approaches could focus on the development of learners’
capabilities, enactment of effective learning experiences, or
fostering critical thinking, and may include elements such as
student-centered learning, thematic teaching, or problem-based
learning.

• A strategy, on the other hand, is a more specific means through
which the teaching approach can be executed.
• As advised, the strategy acts as a general rule or principle to guide
the whole teaching process.
• Once a teaching approach is chosen, subsequent strategies should
align with the approach to ensure a consistent plan of action.

• For example, if an approach prioritizes active learning, strategies
could encompass group work, peer teaching, and case studies.
• A well-chosen strategy lays the groundwork for designing learning
situations and aids developers in creating effective materials.

• Progressing down to more explicit procedures, a teaching method
serves as the concrete mechanism by which learning is facilitated,
concentrating on how to deliver instructions effectively.
• The strategy determines which method to employ, ensuring that it
supports the corresponding teaching approach.

• Methods may involve direct instruction, where the teacher
introduces the content in a well-organized way, or project-based
learning, which enables learners to gain knowledge and skills by
conducting extensive research over a specified period.

• Lastly, techniques are the specific actions taken within the teaching
method.
• These can be seen as practical tools or maneuvers employed in the
classroom to facilitate understanding of instructions given.
• Techniques can vary greatly, even within the same method.
• For instance, within the method of direct instruction, techniques
might involve lecturing, questioning, demonstrating, or using
audiovisual aids.

• From these definitions and distinctions, it can be seen that approaches,
strategies, methods, and techniques are interrelated tiers in the teaching-learning
process.
• They work cumulatively from the general to the specific to generate an effective
learning environment, ensuring that teaching aligns with educators’ values and
beliefs while also meeting the diverse needs of learners.
• Emphasizing the concept and classification of these aspects promotes an
integrated way of improving education quality and refining learning experiences.

• Utilizing various combinations of the above concepts allows
educators to be prepared with a flexible game plan.
• With concrete knowledge about these aspects, educators can
effectively navigate the complexity of teaching while tailoring
instruction to align with students’ diverse learning paths.

• Understanding and implementing the teaching approach, strategy, method, and
technique in cohesion is critical for an enriching learning experience.
• They serve as guiding pillars that frame the teaching-learning process, enabling a
structured pathway to successful pedagogy.
• By considering these aspects, educational systems can improve the quality of
instruction and pave the way for innovative teaching methodologies.
• Optimal use of these foundational components can result in enhancing student
engagement, fostering meaningful comprehension, and ultimately, shaping
brighter futures

• Why does this matter?
• Well, teachers need to know exactly what each word means.
• This helps us communicate better with other educators and create
better lessons for our students.

• Teaching approaches are big ideas that guide how we teach.
• They’re like the main principles behind our teaching, showing us
what we believe about what should be learned and taught.
• Teaching methods, on the other hand, are more practical.
• They’re like the step-by-step plans we use to teach our lessons
based on those big ideas.

• Within these methods, we have teaching procedures, which are
the specific steps we follow during a lesson.
• They tell us exactly how to introduce, practice, and reinforce
language concepts in class.

• Then there are teaching techniques.
• These are the little tricks and tools we use within our procedures to
help students learn better.
• They can be things like games, discussions, or visual aids that make
learning more fun and engaging.

• Teaching styles are about how each teacher likes to teach.
• They’re based on our personalities, beliefs, and teaching
philosophies.
• Our style affects how we interact with students and how our
classrooms feel.

• Lastly, teaching strategies are our big plans for teaching over
time.
• They bring together all the different approaches, methods, and
techniques we use in our teaching.
• These strategies help us set long-term goals, plan our lessons, and
manage our classrooms effectively.

• Understanding the differences between these terms is super
important for language teachers.
• It helps us plan better lessons, communicate with other teachers,
and make sure our students are learning as much as possible.
• So, by knowing what each word means, we can become better
teachers and help our students succeed.

• The teaching approach refers to a set of principles or beliefs
about how people learn that guide classroom practice.
• It’s like a guiding philosophy for teaching, providing a framework
for instruction.
• The approach gives a broad perspective, sets the direction, and
establishes expectations for teaching.

• Methods and techniques are just parts of the approach.
• Methods are organized procedures aimed at facilitating learning,
usually considering the abilities and interests of learners.
• They’re like the structured plans teachers use to achieve specific
instructional goals.

• Techniques, on the other hand, are the personal styles or
methods teachers use to carry out specific teaching steps.
• They’re like the individual touches that make teaching effective and
engaging.
• Teaching, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2016), is
the act of imparting knowledge or skills to others.
• It includes both instructing students in procedures and challenging
them to think critically about concepts.

• Methods, as defined by Dictionary.com, are procedures or ways of
doing something according to a plan.
• They provide a systematic approach to instruction, investigation, or
presentation.
• Techniques, defined by the Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary (2016), are specific ways of carrying out tasks, like new
surgical techniques for faster treatment.
• Approaches, as per the Cambridge Dictionary (2016), refer to ways
of considering or doing something, such as a person’s approach to
life.

• Strategies, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2016),
are careful plans for achieving long-term goals.
• They’re like action plans designed to reach specific objectives over
time, like soldiers strategizing to win battles.

Now, based on these definitions, we can define the main terms as
follows:
∙ Teaching methods: Structured procedures aimed at facilitating learning,
considering the needs and interests of learners.
∙ Teaching techniques: Personal styles or methods used by teachers to carry
out specific teaching steps effectively.
∙ Teaching approach: A set of guiding principles or beliefs about learning that
shape classroom practice.
∙ Teaching strategies: Carefully planned actions aimed at achieving long-term
educational goals.

• Teaching theories are often categorized into two main approaches:
• teacher-centered and
• student-centered.

1. Teacher-Centered Approach:
• In this model, teachers are the primary authority figures.
• Students are viewed as passive recipients of information, with the
main goal being testing and assessment.
• Teachers are responsible for imparting knowledge to students
through lectures and direct instruction.
• Teaching and assessment are seen as separate entities, with student
learning measured through tests and assessments.
• Examples of teacher-centered methods include lectures and
whole-group discussions.

2. Student-Centered Approach:
• While teachers still hold authority in this approach, both teachers
and students actively participate in the learning process.
• Teachers take on the role of coaches and facilitators, guiding
students in their understanding of the material.
• Student learning is assessed through various methods, including
group projects, portfolios, and class participation.
• Teaching and assessment are integrated, with student learning
continuously evaluated during instruction.
• Examples of student-centered methods include small group
discussions, simulations, and projects.

• The teaching approach is the underlying philosophy or viewpoint
guiding teaching and learning.
• It shapes how teachers perceive language learning and informs
their instructional practices.
• An approach gives rise to teaching methods, which are specific ways
of teaching that use classroom activities or techniques to help
learners.
• Examples of teaching approaches include cognitive, behaviorist,
and constructivist approaches to learning.

• Teaching techniques are the unique ways teachers carry out specific
tasks in the teaching and learning process.
• They reflect individual teachers’ approaches and styles in applying
teaching strategies.
• For instance, two teachers may use small group discussions to
deliver a lesson, but each may have a different approach to
conducting the discussion.

• Teaching techniques consist of a broad spectrum of methods and
approaches used by educators to facilitate the learning process.
• These techniques are not only diverse but also dynamic, often
adapting to the needs of the students, the subject matter, and the
learning environment.
• At the heart of teaching techniques lies the intention to engage
students, promote understanding, and foster a conducive learning
atmosphere.

• One commonly used teaching technique is the use of small group
discussions.
• This method involves breaking the class into smaller groups to
facilitate peer interaction and collaboration.
• However, how teachers conduct these discussions can vary
significantly.
• Some may opt for structured discussions with predefined topics
and guidelines, while others may encourage more open-ended
conversations allowing for free-flowing exchange of ideas.

• The use of multimedia tools and technology in the classroom is
another prevalent teaching technique.
• From PowerPoint presentations to interactive whiteboards and
educational apps, educators leverage various digital resources to
enhance instruction and cater to diverse learning styles.
• Yet, the effectiveness of these tools often hinges on how well they
are integrated into the curriculum and complement the learning
objectives.

• Active learning techniques, such as problem-based learning and
hands-on activities, also play a crucial role in modern pedagogy.
• These approaches prioritize student engagement and participation,
encouraging learners to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world
scenarios.
• By immersing students in experiential learning opportunities,
educators aim to deepen understanding and foster critical thinking
skills.

• Differentiation is a key aspect of effective teaching techniques.
• Recognizing that students possess varying abilities, interests, and
learning styles, teachers use strategies to accommodate these
differences and ensure equitable access to education.
• This may involve providing personalized instruction, offering
alternative assessments, or adapting the curriculum to cater to
diverse needs.

• Inclusive teaching techniques are also gaining prominence in
educational settings.
• With a focus on equity and accessibility, educators strive to create
inclusive learning environments where all students feel valued and
supported.
• This may entail incorporating universal design principles,
promoting diversity in curriculum materials, and adopting
culturally responsive teaching practices.

• Collaborative learning techniques, such as group projects and peer
teaching, foster teamwork and communication skills among
students.
• By working together towards common goals, learners develop
interpersonal skills and gain a deeper appreciation for collective
achievement.
• Moreover, collaborative learning encourages active participation
and empowers students to take ownership of their learning journey.

• Reflective practices are integral to effective teaching techniques.
• Educators routinely evaluate their teaching methods, seek feedback
from students, and make adjustments based on assessment data.
• By engaging in reflective inquiry, teachers continuously refine their
pedagogical approach and strive for continuous improvement.

• Teaching techniques consist of a diverse array of methods and
approaches aimed at enhancing the teaching and learning
experience.
• From small group discussions to multimedia presentations, and
active learning activities to inclusive practices, educators use a
variety of strategies to engage students, promote understanding,
and foster a supportive learning environment.
• Using innovation, differentiation, collaboration, and reflection,
teachers empower students to reach their full potential and become
lifelong learners.

• A teaching strategy is a carefully planned set of activities aimed at
achieving specific teaching and learning goals.
• It involves deciding on the most effective teaching method, whether
teacher-centered or student-centered and planning activities to
facilitate learning.
• Teaching strategies evolve from teaching methods and define the
components of each method.

• Teaching strategy is the deliberate and systematic approach that
educators use to guide the teaching and learning process toward
specific objectives.
• It serves as a roadmap for instructors to effectively convey
information, engage students, and foster deep understanding.
• At its core, a teaching strategy involves thoughtful consideration of
various factors, including instructional methods, learning styles,
and classroom dynamics.

• Central to the concept of teaching strategy is the distinction
between teacher-centered and student-centered approaches.
• In a teacher-centered approach, the instructor takes on a more
directive role, leading the class through structured lessons and
delivering content through lectures or demonstrations.
• Conversely, a student-centered approach prioritizes active
participation and autonomy, with students playing a more active
role in their learning through activities such as discussions,
projects, and problem-solving tasks.

• The selection of an appropriate teaching strategy depends on the
specific learning goals, the nature of the subject matter, and the
characteristics of the students.
• For example, a teacher may opt for a lecture format to deliver
foundational knowledge in a content-heavy course, while
incorporating group discussions and hands-on activities to
reinforce concepts and encourage critical thinking.

• Effective teaching strategies consist of a range of activities designed
to engage learners, promote comprehension, and support retention.

These activities may include:
• Lectures: Traditional lectures remain a valuable tool for
conveying information and providing context.
• However, to enhance engagement, instructors may incorporate
multimedia elements, interactive components, and opportunities
for questions and discussion.

• Group Work: Collaborative learning activities, such as group
projects, case studies, and problem-solving tasks, encourage peer
interaction and foster teamwork skills.
• By working together, students can explore diverse perspectives and
deepen their understanding of the subject matter.

• Active Learning: Active learning techniques, such as simulations,
role-playing exercises, and hands-on experiments, promote student
engagement and facilitate deeper learning.
• These activities encourage students to apply theoretical concepts in
practical contexts, enhancing comprehension and retention.

• Feedback and Assessment: Providing timely and constructive
feedback is essential for guiding student learning and assessing
progress.
• Formative assessments, such as quizzes, discussions, and peer
evaluations, allow instructors to gauge understanding and tailor
instruction accordingly.

• Technology Integration: Leveraging technology tools, such as
online platforms, multimedia resources, and interactive
simulations, can enrich the learning experience and cater to diverse
learning styles.
• Technology integration also enables remote learning and facilitates
access to educational resources beyond the classroom.

• Differentiation: Recognizing that students have unique abilities,
interests, and learning styles, instructors may use differentiated
instruction techniques to accommodate diverse needs.
• This may involve adjusting the pace of instruction, providing
alternative assignments, or offering additional support to struggling
learners.

• Reflection and Metacognition: Encouraging students to reflect
on their learning experiences and think critically about their
thinking (metacognition) promotes deeper understanding and
enhances learning outcomes.
• Journaling, self-assessment exercises, and guided reflections can
facilitate this process.

• Teaching strategy consists of the deliberate planning and
implementation of activities aimed at achieving specific teaching
and learning goals.
• By selecting appropriate instructional methods, engaging students
through various activities, and providing meaningful feedback,
educators can create dynamic and effective learning environments
conducive to student success.

• Teaching methods refer to the various approaches and techniques
educators use to facilitate learning in the classroom.
• These methods encompass a wide range of instructional strategies
and activities designed to engage students, convey information, and
promote understanding.
• Effective teaching methods are tailored to the specific learning
goals, subject matter, and needs of the students.

• 1. Lecture: The lecture method is a traditional approach where the
teacher presents information to the class through verbal
explanation.
• Lectures can be supplemented with visual aids, such as slides or
whiteboards, to enhance comprehension.
• While lectures are useful for delivering content efficiently, they
should be interactive to maintain student engagement.

• 2. Discussion: Discussion-based methods encourage active
participation and critical thinking among students.
• Teachers facilitate discussions by posing open-ended questions,
encouraging debate, and guiding students to explore different
perspectives.
• This method fosters collaboration, communication skills, and a
deeper understanding of the subject matter.

• 3. Demonstration: Demonstration involves showing students
how to perform a task or use a tool or equipment.
• This method is commonly used in science laboratories, vocational
training, and performing arts classes.
• By observing demonstrations, students gain practical skills and
visual reinforcement of theoretical concepts.

• 4. Hands-on Activities: Hands-on or experiential learning
activities provide students with opportunities to actively engage
with the material through practical application.
• This may include experiments, simulations, role-playing exercises,
and project-based learning.
• Hands-on activities promote active learning, problem-solving skills,
and the retention of information.

• 5. Collaborative Learning: Collaborative learning methods
emphasize teamwork and peer interaction.
• Group projects, cooperative learning activities, and peer teaching
are examples of collaborative approaches where students work
together to achieve common goals.
• Collaborative learning fosters social skills, communication, and a
sense of community in the classroom.

• 6. Problem-Based Learning (PBL): In problem-based
learning, students are presented with real-world problems or
scenarios and work collaboratively to find solutions.
• PBL encourages critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and the
application of knowledge in practical contexts. It also promotes
self-directed learning and autonomy.

• 7. Flipped Classroom: In a flipped classroom model, students
engage with course materials, such as lectures or readings,
independently outside of class, while class time is dedicated to
interactive activities, discussions, and hands-on exercises.
• This approach allows for more personalized instruction and active
learning during face-to-face sessions.

• 8. Technology Integration: Integrating technology into
teaching methods involves using digital tools, multimedia
resources, and online platforms to enhance instruction and student
engagement.
• This may include interactive presentations, educational apps,
virtual simulations, and online discussions.
• Technology integration can facilitate active learning, personalized
instruction, and access to resources beyond the classroom.

• 9. Differentiated Instruction: Differentiated instruction
recognizes that students have diverse learning needs, interests, and
abilities.
• Teachers adapt their teaching methods, materials, and assessments
to accommodate individual differences and provide multiple
pathways to learning.
• This approach ensures that all students have equitable access to
education and opportunities for success.

• 10. Socratic Method: The Socratic method is a form of
questioning where the teacher prompts students to explore ideas,
analyze arguments, and arrive at conclusions through guided
inquiry.
• This method encourages critical thinking, reasoning skills, and
intellectual curiosity.

• Effective teaching methods are characterized by flexibility,
adaptability, and alignment with learning objectives.
• By selecting appropriate instructional strategies and activities,
educators can create dynamic and engaging learning experiences
that meet the diverse needs of their students.

Differences and Relationships:
• From the definitions provided by various dictionaries, it’s evident
that teaching approach, method, strategy, and technique are
distinct terms and cannot be used interchangeably.
• An approach reflects one’s perspective, a strategy is a planned
activity, a method is a procedure, and a technique is a unique way
of carrying out a task.

• However, these terms are related.
• Teaching approaches inform the development of teaching methods,
which in turn give rise to teaching strategies.
• Teaching techniques provide unique ways of implementing
teaching strategies.

1. Background to Teaching Approach, Strategy, Method, and Technique.pdf

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1. Background to Teaching Approach, Strategy, Method, and Technique.pdf