The document summarizes the position paper of the German AGS on establishing exposure-risk relationships for benzene. The AGS proposes risk-based occupational exposure limits (OELs) for benzene based on epidemiological data. It evaluates benzene's carcinogenicity and mode of action, as well as potential non-cancer effects. While linear extrapolation from high doses is proposed, the document acknowledges uncertainties in the mode of action and potential non-linearity at low doses. An OEL of 0.02 mg/m3, corresponding to a cancer risk of 1 in 100,000, is recommended as an acceptable risk level after 2013. Non-cancer effects are also possible at the tolerance risk level of 0.
1) Researchers developed a new method to directly functionalize poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces with DNA probes by taking advantage of the hydrosilylation reaction that occurs during PDMS polymerization.
2) They synthesized a 20-mer DNA sequence modified at the 5' end with a vinyl group. This vinyl group could participate in the hydrosilylation reaction and covalently graft the DNA probe to the PDMS structure.
3) DNA spots were arrayed on a Teflon surface and covered with liquid PDMS during curing. Upon peeling, this generated a PDMS microarray with oriented DNA probes at the surface. The vinyl-modified probes showed higher hybridization
This document discusses DNA repair in cancer development and therapy. It outlines research being done at both the basic and translational levels on DNA repair mechanisms, DNA damage response, and DNA repair proteins. It also describes several clinical trials and projects examining DNA repair responses to radiation and chemotherapy, as well as dedicated clinics for patients with DNA repair deficiencies.
The document discusses a lawsuit brought by cancer victims who worked at Samsung Electronics factories, noting that 107 workers at Samsung had been diagnosed with cancer including 81 with total cancers and 41 deaths, and that the court ruled the leukemias of two female workers at the Giheung plant were work-related due to exposure to toxic chemicals at that facility.
Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas used to make plastics that is extremely flammable and hazardous. Exposure can cause immediate effects like headaches or dizziness and long term effects like liver damage and cancer. If exposed, flush eyes and skin with water and seek medical help. People who work with vinyl chloride may need medical tests if symptoms develop or exposure is suspected. Facilities that use hazardous chemicals like vinyl chloride must report inventories and releases under federal and state Right to Know laws to help communities prepare for and respond to potential chemical emergencies.
Benzene - monitoring, managing and reducing the riskRetired
Slides from a presentation at Health and Wellbeing at Work. 6-7 March 2012, Birmingham.
Improving the health and wellbeing of work-aged people.
www.healthatwork2012.co.uk
Defend Yourself From Benzene Emissions When Driving on GasolineSolarClean Fuels, LLC
Self paced silent presentation of some safety tips to avoid dangerous inhalation of benzene as we drive, fill-up and park in your garage. Benzene is a potent carcinogen that causes cancer, especially leukemia. We are exposed to much greater concentrations of benzene than OSHA and NIOSH say is safe. But there are some very simple precautions that you can take to significantly lower the dosage you are getting now. You just have to be made aware of the difficult medical situation that driving on gasoline has put us into.
1) Researchers developed a new method to directly functionalize poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces with DNA probes by taking advantage of the hydrosilylation reaction that occurs during PDMS polymerization.
2) They synthesized a 20-mer DNA sequence modified at the 5' end with a vinyl group. This vinyl group could participate in the hydrosilylation reaction and covalently graft the DNA probe to the PDMS structure.
3) DNA spots were arrayed on a Teflon surface and covered with liquid PDMS during curing. Upon peeling, this generated a PDMS microarray with oriented DNA probes at the surface. The vinyl-modified probes showed higher hybridization
This document discusses DNA repair in cancer development and therapy. It outlines research being done at both the basic and translational levels on DNA repair mechanisms, DNA damage response, and DNA repair proteins. It also describes several clinical trials and projects examining DNA repair responses to radiation and chemotherapy, as well as dedicated clinics for patients with DNA repair deficiencies.
The document discusses a lawsuit brought by cancer victims who worked at Samsung Electronics factories, noting that 107 workers at Samsung had been diagnosed with cancer including 81 with total cancers and 41 deaths, and that the court ruled the leukemias of two female workers at the Giheung plant were work-related due to exposure to toxic chemicals at that facility.
Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas used to make plastics that is extremely flammable and hazardous. Exposure can cause immediate effects like headaches or dizziness and long term effects like liver damage and cancer. If exposed, flush eyes and skin with water and seek medical help. People who work with vinyl chloride may need medical tests if symptoms develop or exposure is suspected. Facilities that use hazardous chemicals like vinyl chloride must report inventories and releases under federal and state Right to Know laws to help communities prepare for and respond to potential chemical emergencies.
Benzene - monitoring, managing and reducing the riskRetired
Slides from a presentation at Health and Wellbeing at Work. 6-7 March 2012, Birmingham.
Improving the health and wellbeing of work-aged people.
www.healthatwork2012.co.uk
Defend Yourself From Benzene Emissions When Driving on GasolineSolarClean Fuels, LLC
Self paced silent presentation of some safety tips to avoid dangerous inhalation of benzene as we drive, fill-up and park in your garage. Benzene is a potent carcinogen that causes cancer, especially leukemia. We are exposed to much greater concentrations of benzene than OSHA and NIOSH say is safe. But there are some very simple precautions that you can take to significantly lower the dosage you are getting now. You just have to be made aware of the difficult medical situation that driving on gasoline has put us into.
This document summarizes regulations and safety procedures for working with benzene. It outlines permissible exposure limits, regulated areas, health hazards like cancer risks, required monitoring, emergency response procedures, necessary personal protective equipment, medical surveillance, and signage requirements. The Windsor Consulting Group provides industrial hygiene and occupational health consulting, with offices in Washington, DC and New York.
This document discusses issues related to the migration of monomers and other chemical compounds from plastic food packaging materials into foods. It provides examples of commonly used plastic materials like PVC, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester, and LDPE. Specific migrating components from each plastic like BPA, phthalates, styrene are mentioned. The document discusses factors affecting migration like heat, acidity, presence of ethanol or vitamin A. Potential health effects of migrating components include cancer, developmental and reproductive toxicity, obesity, and others. It emphasizes knowing which plastics are safest to use for different food applications.
This document discusses risk assessment of food packaging and contact materials. It provides an overview of topics including the reasons for packaging, packaging migration factors, common packaging materials and types, regulatory approaches for food contact substances in various regions including the US, EU, Japan and others. It also outlines the types of data typically required by regulators for approval of new food contact substances, including chemistry information, migration testing conditions and protocols, and toxicology data recommendations based on expected exposure levels.
Vinyl chloride is a colorless, flammable gas with a sweet odor that is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics and polymers. It has a chemical formula of C2H3Cl and molecular weight of 62.5 g/mol. Exposure can occur through factory emissions, evaporation from waste sites, or off-gassing from new plastic products. Vinyl chloride is carcinogenic and toxic, especially to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. A 2004 explosion at a Formosa Plastics plant in Texas released vinyl chloride, ignited an explosion, and caused fires that burned for days after the accident.
Benzydamine anti-inflammatory, anesthetic mouthwash: all evidence - ICPA Heal...ICPA Care
High-quality evidence and international guidelines recommend the use of Benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash as an anti-inflammatory agent in highly inflammatory conditions, such as oral mucositis resulting from cancer therapy.
1Running head A toxicant that can be classified as an air, w.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
This document summarizes a research paper on the toxic effects of benzene exposure. It discusses benzene as a natural byproduct found in oil, coal, cigarette smoke, and automobile exhaust. Benzene is categorized as a recognized carcinogen that mainly impacts the immune system and blood cell production. The paper examines benzene exposure limits from various sources, how it is transmitted through air, water, soil, and as an organic solvent. It outlines benzene's toxic effects such as leukemia, reduced blood cell count, and genetic mutations. The EPA designates benzene as a carcinogen linked to cancers like leukemia. Risk assessment of benzene involves eliminating hazards using scientific models and reducing exposure to safe levels. Overall, the paper analy
Seminário Nacional do Benzeno (5 e 6 dez/12) - Derivação de Limites de Exposição Ocupacional para Substâncias Carcinogênicas e
Mutagênicas - Experiências Internacionais e Nacional
in this research paper ,researchers found a new therapeutic drug that is SULFASALAZINE for the treatment of neuroblastoma that has a action on SEPIATERIN REDUCTASE
The study investigated the effect of nano-bio interfaces on the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. It found that the medium which elicited the smallest nanoparticle agglomerates (KF medium containing serum proteins) was associated with the highest cellular uptake, micronuclei formation, and percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, DNA damage occurred regardless of agglomeration or uptake. The results suggest that inhalation exposure may not cause chromosomal damage in lung cells, but ingestion exposing nanoparticles to serum proteins could lower agglomeration and induce micronuclei formation.
This study assessed whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NOS2A gene increase risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and interact with smoking. 998 Caucasian subjects were genotyped for 17 SNPs in NOS2A. Multivariable logistic regression identified that SNP rs8072199 was significantly associated with increased AMD risk. A significant interaction with smoking was detected for rs2248814. Stratified analysis found that the association between AMD and smoking was strongest in carriers of the AA genotype at this SNP compared to AG and GG genotypes, suggesting a possible synergistic interaction between this genotype and smoking. The results provide preliminary evidence that genetic variation in NOS2A may influence AMD risk and
Roadshow2014 - presentazione Giovanna Fragneto (4 giugno 2014)Roadshow2014
The document summarizes Giovanna Fragneto's presentation on using neutron scattering techniques like diffraction, SANS, and reflectometry to study soft matter and biological structures. It provides examples of using these techniques to determine the structure of RNA complexes, membrane proteins, lipid bilayers, and protein adsorption on surfaces. Neutron scattering is well-suited for these applications because it is non-destructive and hydrogen and deuterium have similar scattering lengths, allowing selective deuteration for contrast variation.
Cytogenetic effects of benzene on human blood cellsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the cytogenetic effects of benzene on human blood cells in vitro. Different concentrations of benzene were added to human blood cultures. The results showed that benzene caused increased mitotic index levels and various chromosomal abnormalities that increased with higher benzene concentrations. Specifically, benzene exposure resulted in chromosomal breaks, deletions, ring chromosomes, end-to-end associations, and other irregularities. This supports that benzene is a human clastogen that can induce genetic damage even at low concentrations.
Sigma Xi Student Research Showcase Presentationrprasad5
1) The study evaluated the effect of nano-bio interfaces on the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using different treatment media.
2) The medium that elicited the smallest nanoparticle agglomerates (KF medium containing serum proteins) was associated with the highest cellular uptake, micronuclei formation, and increased percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle.
3) In contrast, DNA damage was induced regardless of agglomeration and cellular uptake. The results suggest that while inhalation exposure may not induce micronuclei in lung cells, ingestion exposing nanoparticles to serum proteins could lower agglomeration and induce micronuclei formation.
This document summarizes a project investigating whether mitochondrial DNA-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) transcripts are dysregulated in the blood of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to controls. The student researcher designed primers, conducted quantitative real-time PCR on blood samples from controls and patients, and found several mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS transcripts were significantly more abundant in MCI and AD patients. This suggests peripheral changes in mitochondrial gene expression occur early in AD and could provide biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression and treatment responses.
This document provides a summary of recent literature on endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) published between April and June 2012. It describes papers on human exposure measurement and modelling of EDCs, health effects of EDCs, biological mechanisms of EDCs, environmental effects of EDCs, and risk assessment of EDCs. Several studies measured concentrations of bisphenol A, phthalates, and flame retardants in human samples like urine, hair, and tissues to characterize exposure levels. Other reviews discussed health impacts of UV filters and links between male reproductive disorders and environmental toxicants.
This study investigated the interaction between pyrethroid pesticides and DNA through molecular docking calculations. The docking studies showed that various pyrethroids and their metabolites can bind to DNA through intercalation between base pairs and minor groove binding. The binding affinities ranged from 1.2 x 104 to 5.3 x 105, comparable to or stronger than a banned pesticide. The authors hypothesize that these tight bindings may disrupt DNA structure and lead to mutations, suggesting pyrethroids could potentially cause cancer through DNA interaction and warrant further experimental validation.
LEADER STEVE JOBS Many names are recognized as notable business.docxcroysierkathey
LEADER: STEVE JOBS
Many names are recognized as notable business leaders identified for their unique approach to leading people. Please review the "Contemporary Business Leaders". Select one leader from this list discuss (300-500 words) what you have learned about the selected individual as a leader and the leadership style that leader embodies. Address the following in your discussion:
· Provide a discussion on two to three attributes a leader should emulate or avoid based on course materials. Describe how these characteristics would be beneficial or detrimental in an organizational setting.
You are required to use at least two external sources to provide evidence in support of the leadership style displayed by your selected leader. The rationale should be justified; this should not be completed based on an opinion.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Environmental Research
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envres
Low doses and non-targeted effects in environmental radiation protection;
where are we now and where should we go?
Carmel Mothersill⁎, Andrej Rusin, Colin Seymour
Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Historic dose effects
Non-targeted effects
Genomic instability
Memory effects
Non-human biota
A B S T R A C T
The field of low dose radiobiology has advanced considerably in the last 30 years from small indications in the
1980's that all was not simple, to a paradigm shift which occurred during the 1990's, which severely dented the
dose-driven models and DNA centric theories which had dominated until then. However while the science has
evolved, the application of that science in environmental health protection has not. A reason for this appears to
be the uncertainties regarding the shape of the low dose response curve, which lead regulators to adopt a
precautionary approach to radiation protection. Radiation protection models assume a linear relationship be-
tween dose (i.e. energy deposition) and effect (in this case probability of an adverse DNA interaction leading to a
mutation). This model does not consider non-targeted effects (NTE) such as bystander effects or delayed effects,
which occur in progeny cells or offspring not directly receiving energy deposition from the dose. There is huge
controversy concerning the role of NTE with some saying they reflect “biology” and that repair and homeostatic
mechanisms sort out the apparent damage while others consider them to be a class of damage which increases
the size of the target. One thing which has recently become apparent is that NTE may be very critical for
modelling long-term effects at the level of the population rather than the individual. The issue is that NTE
resulting from an acute high dose such as occurred after the A-bomb or Chernobyl occur in parallel with chronic
effects induced by the continuing residual effects due to radiation dose decay. This ...
Toxic effect of nanoparticles on aquatic organismslatha13061996
Toxicity of nanoparticles on aquatic organisms. It is a wide field that covers exposure to effect vary with organisms to organisms and nanoparticles to nanoparticles. Herewith some papers are discussed about their effects.
This document presents a critique of the linear no-threshold (LNT) radiation protection model. The speaker argues that the LNT model is not valid and is not supported by evidence, while evidence for radiation hormesis (low doses reducing cancer risk) exists but has been ignored. Advisory bodies have inappropriately used faulty studies to support LNT while ignoring opposing evidence. Continued use of LNT may be harming public health and blocking beneficial research. Progress is being made as mainstream publications and organizations increasingly oppose LNT, but change needs leadership willing to consider all evidence rather than entrenching current views.
Should the radiological community continue the present radiation dose reducti...Mohan Doss
This is a revised version of the presentation given at the 74th Annual Meeting of Japan Radiological Society, Yokohama, Japan on April 17, 2015 in the session entitled "Patient Dose in Radiology: Manage the Invisible". Abstract:
Carcinogenic concerns regarding the radiation dose from diagnostic imaging, based on the linear no-threshold (LNT) model recommended by advisory bodies, have resulted in actions by the radiological community to reduce radiation dose. However, the primary evidence quoted by advisory bodies for the LNT model, the atomic bomb survivor data, no longer support the model with the recent update to the data, and so do not justify low-dose radiation (LDR) cancer concerns. In addition, considerable amount of evidence, which has been ignored by advisory bodies, has accumulated against the LNT model. Though a large number of publications have claimed to provide evidence for the LNT model and/or LDR carcinogenicity, careful scrutiny has shown that they have major flaws in study design, data, analysis, and/or interpretation nullifying their conclusions. Hence, the present dose-reduction efforts would not reduce cancer risk. On the other hand, patient/caregiver/physician concerns have resulted in patients not undergoing recommended diagnostic studies, and dose-reduction efforts have resulted in non-diagnostic images. Considering the hazards to patients from such actions, it is important that the radiological community seek justification for the dose-reduction campaign. The advisory bodies should be asked to provide conclusive evidence for the LNT model and LDR carcinogenicity and reasons to reject the considerable evidence against the LNT model. If these are not provided forthwith, the dose-reduction campaign should be ceased in order to protect patients from harm, since the hazards from dose-reduction efforts are real and the claimed cancers from LDR are illusory in the absence of definitive evidence.
This document summarizes regulations and safety procedures for working with benzene. It outlines permissible exposure limits, regulated areas, health hazards like cancer risks, required monitoring, emergency response procedures, necessary personal protective equipment, medical surveillance, and signage requirements. The Windsor Consulting Group provides industrial hygiene and occupational health consulting, with offices in Washington, DC and New York.
This document discusses issues related to the migration of monomers and other chemical compounds from plastic food packaging materials into foods. It provides examples of commonly used plastic materials like PVC, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester, and LDPE. Specific migrating components from each plastic like BPA, phthalates, styrene are mentioned. The document discusses factors affecting migration like heat, acidity, presence of ethanol or vitamin A. Potential health effects of migrating components include cancer, developmental and reproductive toxicity, obesity, and others. It emphasizes knowing which plastics are safest to use for different food applications.
This document discusses risk assessment of food packaging and contact materials. It provides an overview of topics including the reasons for packaging, packaging migration factors, common packaging materials and types, regulatory approaches for food contact substances in various regions including the US, EU, Japan and others. It also outlines the types of data typically required by regulators for approval of new food contact substances, including chemistry information, migration testing conditions and protocols, and toxicology data recommendations based on expected exposure levels.
Vinyl chloride is a colorless, flammable gas with a sweet odor that is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics and polymers. It has a chemical formula of C2H3Cl and molecular weight of 62.5 g/mol. Exposure can occur through factory emissions, evaporation from waste sites, or off-gassing from new plastic products. Vinyl chloride is carcinogenic and toxic, especially to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. A 2004 explosion at a Formosa Plastics plant in Texas released vinyl chloride, ignited an explosion, and caused fires that burned for days after the accident.
Benzydamine anti-inflammatory, anesthetic mouthwash: all evidence - ICPA Heal...ICPA Care
High-quality evidence and international guidelines recommend the use of Benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash as an anti-inflammatory agent in highly inflammatory conditions, such as oral mucositis resulting from cancer therapy.
1Running head A toxicant that can be classified as an air, w.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
This document summarizes a research paper on the toxic effects of benzene exposure. It discusses benzene as a natural byproduct found in oil, coal, cigarette smoke, and automobile exhaust. Benzene is categorized as a recognized carcinogen that mainly impacts the immune system and blood cell production. The paper examines benzene exposure limits from various sources, how it is transmitted through air, water, soil, and as an organic solvent. It outlines benzene's toxic effects such as leukemia, reduced blood cell count, and genetic mutations. The EPA designates benzene as a carcinogen linked to cancers like leukemia. Risk assessment of benzene involves eliminating hazards using scientific models and reducing exposure to safe levels. Overall, the paper analy
Seminário Nacional do Benzeno (5 e 6 dez/12) - Derivação de Limites de Exposição Ocupacional para Substâncias Carcinogênicas e
Mutagênicas - Experiências Internacionais e Nacional
in this research paper ,researchers found a new therapeutic drug that is SULFASALAZINE for the treatment of neuroblastoma that has a action on SEPIATERIN REDUCTASE
The study investigated the effect of nano-bio interfaces on the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. It found that the medium which elicited the smallest nanoparticle agglomerates (KF medium containing serum proteins) was associated with the highest cellular uptake, micronuclei formation, and percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, DNA damage occurred regardless of agglomeration or uptake. The results suggest that inhalation exposure may not cause chromosomal damage in lung cells, but ingestion exposing nanoparticles to serum proteins could lower agglomeration and induce micronuclei formation.
This study assessed whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NOS2A gene increase risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and interact with smoking. 998 Caucasian subjects were genotyped for 17 SNPs in NOS2A. Multivariable logistic regression identified that SNP rs8072199 was significantly associated with increased AMD risk. A significant interaction with smoking was detected for rs2248814. Stratified analysis found that the association between AMD and smoking was strongest in carriers of the AA genotype at this SNP compared to AG and GG genotypes, suggesting a possible synergistic interaction between this genotype and smoking. The results provide preliminary evidence that genetic variation in NOS2A may influence AMD risk and
Roadshow2014 - presentazione Giovanna Fragneto (4 giugno 2014)Roadshow2014
The document summarizes Giovanna Fragneto's presentation on using neutron scattering techniques like diffraction, SANS, and reflectometry to study soft matter and biological structures. It provides examples of using these techniques to determine the structure of RNA complexes, membrane proteins, lipid bilayers, and protein adsorption on surfaces. Neutron scattering is well-suited for these applications because it is non-destructive and hydrogen and deuterium have similar scattering lengths, allowing selective deuteration for contrast variation.
Cytogenetic effects of benzene on human blood cellsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the cytogenetic effects of benzene on human blood cells in vitro. Different concentrations of benzene were added to human blood cultures. The results showed that benzene caused increased mitotic index levels and various chromosomal abnormalities that increased with higher benzene concentrations. Specifically, benzene exposure resulted in chromosomal breaks, deletions, ring chromosomes, end-to-end associations, and other irregularities. This supports that benzene is a human clastogen that can induce genetic damage even at low concentrations.
Sigma Xi Student Research Showcase Presentationrprasad5
1) The study evaluated the effect of nano-bio interfaces on the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using different treatment media.
2) The medium that elicited the smallest nanoparticle agglomerates (KF medium containing serum proteins) was associated with the highest cellular uptake, micronuclei formation, and increased percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle.
3) In contrast, DNA damage was induced regardless of agglomeration and cellular uptake. The results suggest that while inhalation exposure may not induce micronuclei in lung cells, ingestion exposing nanoparticles to serum proteins could lower agglomeration and induce micronuclei formation.
This document summarizes a project investigating whether mitochondrial DNA-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) transcripts are dysregulated in the blood of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to controls. The student researcher designed primers, conducted quantitative real-time PCR on blood samples from controls and patients, and found several mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS transcripts were significantly more abundant in MCI and AD patients. This suggests peripheral changes in mitochondrial gene expression occur early in AD and could provide biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression and treatment responses.
This document provides a summary of recent literature on endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) published between April and June 2012. It describes papers on human exposure measurement and modelling of EDCs, health effects of EDCs, biological mechanisms of EDCs, environmental effects of EDCs, and risk assessment of EDCs. Several studies measured concentrations of bisphenol A, phthalates, and flame retardants in human samples like urine, hair, and tissues to characterize exposure levels. Other reviews discussed health impacts of UV filters and links between male reproductive disorders and environmental toxicants.
This study investigated the interaction between pyrethroid pesticides and DNA through molecular docking calculations. The docking studies showed that various pyrethroids and their metabolites can bind to DNA through intercalation between base pairs and minor groove binding. The binding affinities ranged from 1.2 x 104 to 5.3 x 105, comparable to or stronger than a banned pesticide. The authors hypothesize that these tight bindings may disrupt DNA structure and lead to mutations, suggesting pyrethroids could potentially cause cancer through DNA interaction and warrant further experimental validation.
LEADER STEVE JOBS Many names are recognized as notable business.docxcroysierkathey
LEADER: STEVE JOBS
Many names are recognized as notable business leaders identified for their unique approach to leading people. Please review the "Contemporary Business Leaders". Select one leader from this list discuss (300-500 words) what you have learned about the selected individual as a leader and the leadership style that leader embodies. Address the following in your discussion:
· Provide a discussion on two to three attributes a leader should emulate or avoid based on course materials. Describe how these characteristics would be beneficial or detrimental in an organizational setting.
You are required to use at least two external sources to provide evidence in support of the leadership style displayed by your selected leader. The rationale should be justified; this should not be completed based on an opinion.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Environmental Research
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envres
Low doses and non-targeted effects in environmental radiation protection;
where are we now and where should we go?
Carmel Mothersill⁎, Andrej Rusin, Colin Seymour
Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Historic dose effects
Non-targeted effects
Genomic instability
Memory effects
Non-human biota
A B S T R A C T
The field of low dose radiobiology has advanced considerably in the last 30 years from small indications in the
1980's that all was not simple, to a paradigm shift which occurred during the 1990's, which severely dented the
dose-driven models and DNA centric theories which had dominated until then. However while the science has
evolved, the application of that science in environmental health protection has not. A reason for this appears to
be the uncertainties regarding the shape of the low dose response curve, which lead regulators to adopt a
precautionary approach to radiation protection. Radiation protection models assume a linear relationship be-
tween dose (i.e. energy deposition) and effect (in this case probability of an adverse DNA interaction leading to a
mutation). This model does not consider non-targeted effects (NTE) such as bystander effects or delayed effects,
which occur in progeny cells or offspring not directly receiving energy deposition from the dose. There is huge
controversy concerning the role of NTE with some saying they reflect “biology” and that repair and homeostatic
mechanisms sort out the apparent damage while others consider them to be a class of damage which increases
the size of the target. One thing which has recently become apparent is that NTE may be very critical for
modelling long-term effects at the level of the population rather than the individual. The issue is that NTE
resulting from an acute high dose such as occurred after the A-bomb or Chernobyl occur in parallel with chronic
effects induced by the continuing residual effects due to radiation dose decay. This ...
Toxic effect of nanoparticles on aquatic organismslatha13061996
Toxicity of nanoparticles on aquatic organisms. It is a wide field that covers exposure to effect vary with organisms to organisms and nanoparticles to nanoparticles. Herewith some papers are discussed about their effects.
This document presents a critique of the linear no-threshold (LNT) radiation protection model. The speaker argues that the LNT model is not valid and is not supported by evidence, while evidence for radiation hormesis (low doses reducing cancer risk) exists but has been ignored. Advisory bodies have inappropriately used faulty studies to support LNT while ignoring opposing evidence. Continued use of LNT may be harming public health and blocking beneficial research. Progress is being made as mainstream publications and organizations increasingly oppose LNT, but change needs leadership willing to consider all evidence rather than entrenching current views.
Should the radiological community continue the present radiation dose reducti...Mohan Doss
This is a revised version of the presentation given at the 74th Annual Meeting of Japan Radiological Society, Yokohama, Japan on April 17, 2015 in the session entitled "Patient Dose in Radiology: Manage the Invisible". Abstract:
Carcinogenic concerns regarding the radiation dose from diagnostic imaging, based on the linear no-threshold (LNT) model recommended by advisory bodies, have resulted in actions by the radiological community to reduce radiation dose. However, the primary evidence quoted by advisory bodies for the LNT model, the atomic bomb survivor data, no longer support the model with the recent update to the data, and so do not justify low-dose radiation (LDR) cancer concerns. In addition, considerable amount of evidence, which has been ignored by advisory bodies, has accumulated against the LNT model. Though a large number of publications have claimed to provide evidence for the LNT model and/or LDR carcinogenicity, careful scrutiny has shown that they have major flaws in study design, data, analysis, and/or interpretation nullifying their conclusions. Hence, the present dose-reduction efforts would not reduce cancer risk. On the other hand, patient/caregiver/physician concerns have resulted in patients not undergoing recommended diagnostic studies, and dose-reduction efforts have resulted in non-diagnostic images. Considering the hazards to patients from such actions, it is important that the radiological community seek justification for the dose-reduction campaign. The advisory bodies should be asked to provide conclusive evidence for the LNT model and LDR carcinogenicity and reasons to reject the considerable evidence against the LNT model. If these are not provided forthwith, the dose-reduction campaign should be ceased in order to protect patients from harm, since the hazards from dose-reduction efforts are real and the claimed cancers from LDR are illusory in the absence of definitive evidence.
The document discusses various genetic studies of schizophrenia, including family, twin, and adoption studies. Family studies found an increased risk of schizophrenia in relatives of schizophrenic probands, suggesting a genetic basis. Twin studies estimated the heritability of schizophrenia to be around 80%, while adoption studies found an increased risk of schizophrenia in children adopted away from schizophrenic biological mothers. Overall, these various study designs provide strong evidence for a genetic contribution to schizophrenia.
ST8 micellar/niosomal vesicular nanoformulation for delivery of naproxen in c...Vahid Erfani-Moghadam
This document describes a study that developed a micellar/niosomal vesicular nanoformulation using squalene and Tween 80 (ST8MNV) to deliver the drug naproxen (NPX) for potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer applications. The ST8MNV exhibited high encapsulation efficiency of 99.5% for NPX. In vitro tests showed the ST8MNV nanoformulation significantly reduced the half maximal inhibitory concentration of NPX in four cancer cell lines, suggesting it is a promising drug delivery system to improve the cytotoxic effects of NPX for future studies.
Seminário Nacional do Benzeno ( 5 e 6 dez/12) - Derivação de Limites de Exposição Ocupacional para Substâncias Carcinogênicas e
Mutagênicas - Experiências Internacionais e Nacional
The document discusses nanotechnology safety and risks. It notes an increase in consumer products with nanoclaims and evaluates risks. Some key issues are the unique properties of nanomaterials that can increase reactivity, difficulties in safety evaluation due to multiple crystal forms and dispersion problems, and dependence of toxicity on dose metrics. Risk assessment is outlined as the process used to evaluate safety, but challenges remain around various types of nanofibers and establishing definitive cause-and-effect relationships for adverse health effects.
Este documento fornece dados estatísticos sobre o mercado de trabalho no Brasil e em seus estados e subsetores industriais. Inclui informações sobre a população, emprego formal, evolução do saldo de empregos na indústria e construção civil no Brasil entre 2008-2012. Também fornece dados detalhados sobre emprego por estado, incluindo participação da população em carteira assinada.
101 propostas para modernização trabalhista - www.relacoesdotrabalho.com.brradarrt
Este documento apresenta 101 propostas para a modernização da legislação trabalhista brasileira. As propostas buscam promover maior flexibilidade nas relações de trabalho, reduzir custos para as empresas e incentivar a geração de empregos. Dentre as propostas, destacam-se a valorização da negociação coletiva, a flexibilização de jornadas de trabalho, incentivos à contratação de determinados grupos e a redução de encargos para as empresas. O documento também traz propostas relacionadas à saúde e segurança do trabalhador, benefí
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O documento consolida a legislação brasileira sobre o benzeno, incluindo o Acordo Nacional do Benzeno de 1994, normas regulamentadoras, portarias e instruções normativas sobre limites de exposição, monitoramento ambiental e da saúde de trabalhadores, cadastramento de empresas, transporte e comercialização de produtos. Também apresenta convenções e recomendações da Organização Internacional do Trabalho sobre benzeno e limites de exposição adotados em outros países.
O documento resume as discussões de um seminário nacional sobre o benzeno, incluindo: 1) Diferentes modelos internacionais para definir limites de exposição ocupacional a carcinógenos; 2) A importância dos mecanismos de ação e dados epidemiológicos nisso; 3) Estudos sobre a incidência de leucemia no Brasil e a associação com exposição ao benzeno. Recomenda-se formar um comitê para estabelecer limites de exposição nacionais e medir concentrações de benzeno em
The Health Watch study is a prospective cohort study of Australian petroleum industry workers that was set up in 1980 to study mortality and cancer incidence. Key findings from updates to the cohort include:
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2) A nested case-control study within the cohort found increased risks of leukemia, especially acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, associated with higher cumulative benzene exposure among male workers.
3) Risks of leukemia were also associated with longer durations of employment and evidence suggested peaks in exposure may also influence risk
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The document discusses Germany's risk-based approach for setting occupational exposure limits (OELs) for carcinogens. It establishes acceptable and tolerable risk levels of 4 in 10,000 and 4 in 1,000, respectively. For each carcinogen, an exposure-risk relationship is derived to determine substance-specific acceptable and tolerable concentrations. A traffic light system is used to guide risk management measures based on risk levels. The approach aims to minimize exposures continuously rather than relying on a single threshold limit value. Examples are provided of how OELs have been derived for several carcinogens using this process.
Seminário Nacional do Benzeno (5 e 6 de dez/12) - Derivação de Limites de Exposição Ocupacional para Substâncias Carcinogênicas e
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1. EXPOSURE-RISK RELATIONSHIP FOR
BENZENE
Position Paper of the German AGS
Gisela H. Degen
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors
at the TU Dortmund (IfADo);
Chairperson of ’AK CM’ of Subcommittee III in the AGS
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012 www.ifado.de
2. 0 OVERVIEW - CONTENT
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
1 INTRODUCTION - Cornerstones
2 RISK-BASED OEL‘s for Benzene
3 DATA EVALUATION - Epidemiology
4 EXTRAPOLATION – MoA Arguments
5 OTHER (non-cancer) EFFECTS ?
6 SUMMARY - other OELs
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012 www.ifado.de
3. 1 CORNERSTONES
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships
for Benzene Upper risk level
The ‘Traffic
light‘ Concept of Lower risk level
AGS with Risk
Bands ...
The Guide for
Quantifying
cancer risks for
workplace
exposures
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-Z/Gefahrstoffe/TRGS/Bekanntmachung-910.html
http://www.baua.de/en/Publications/Expert-Papers/Gd34.html
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
4. 2 RISK BASED OEL‘s – BENZENE
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
Risk Concentration
“Point of Departure”: ED10 (based on 47 mg/m3 ; 15 ppm
average of epidemiological studies)
4:1,000 (tolerable risk) 1.9 mg/m3; 0.6 ppm
4:10,000 (acceptable risk until 2013) 0.2 mg/m3; 0.06 ppm
4:100,000 (acceptable risk after 2013, 0.02 mg/m3; 0.006 ppm
latest by 2018)
• Carcinogenicity: Leukemia, numerous epidemiological studies,
additional risk (mean): 47 mg/m³ (10%), “point of departure“
• Genotoxicity as an important (partial) mechanism
• Non-cancer effects (Haematotoxicity, Immunotoxicity): no clear
non effect level identifiable, possibly already at tolerance risk
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
5. 3-1 DATA - Epidemiological Studies - Leukemia
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
Author Risk at Workplace
ED10 ED10 (ppm at 40 ED10 (mg/m3)
(ppm-years) Years occupational
exposure)
“Pliofilm-Cohort”, USA
Crump (1996) 912 22.8 74.1
Paxton (1996), with exposure estimates by:
Rinsky 430 10.8 35.1
Crump 604 15.1 49.1
Paustenbach 1436 35.9 116.7
Rinsky et al., (1987) 416 10.4 33.8
Rinsky et al., 2002 574 14.4 46.8
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
6. 3-2 DATA - Epidemiological Studies - Leukemia b
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
ED10 ED10 (ppm at 40 ED10 (mg/m3)
(ppm-Years) Years occupational
exposure )
Shoe factory, Italy
Seniori Constantini e al. (2003) 641 16.0 52.0
Chemiearbeiter, China
Hayes et al. (1997) 662 16.6 54.0
Chemiearbeiter, USA
Bloemen et al. (2004) 910 22.8 74.1
Wong et al. (1987a,b) 800 20 65.0
EDF-GDF, France
Guénel et al. (2002) 117 2.9 9.4
Oil Industry, Australia
Glass et al. (2003) 22 0.6 2.0
Glass et al. (2005) 50.3 1.3 4.1
Mean 582 15 47
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
7. 4-1 MODE OF ACTION
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
1) Metabolites: Catechol, Hydroquinone, 1,2- und 1,4-Benzoquinone,
1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene --> Mutations, DNA-adducts and
secondary genotoxicity (clastogenic)
2) 1,4-Benzoquinone binding to DNA
3) Ring opening: trans,trans-Muconaldehyde --> mutagen and
clastogen.
4) oxidative DNA-damage
5) 1,4-Benzoquinone and Hydroquinone inhibit Topoisomerase II;
(DNA replication and Transcription)
6) Poor and error prone repair of DNA-double strang breaks in bone
marrow progenitor cells
(Hartwig, 2010)
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
8. 4-2 MODE OF ACTION
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
7) Myelotoxicity and haemogram changes
8) Immunotoxicity (Smith et al., 2007)
9) DNA-Methylation pattern similar to the pattern of AML-patients
(Bollati et al., 2007).
Conclusion: the decisive mechanism(s) leading to
AGS
leukemia after benzene exposure are not yet known.
MAK
Several reactive metabolites could cause a wide spectrum
of DNA-damage, including oxidative lesions, DNA-adducts
and apurinic sites. In addition, other effects which could
contribute to carcinogenic action have to be considered,
such as overexpression of transcription faktors, oncogene
activation and changes in signalling cascasdes.
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
9. 4-3 MoA & EXTRAPOLATION to LOW DOSES: LINEAR ?
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
Pro (Linear) Kontra (non-linear)
No single causal mechanism for Mechanistic ground: multiple
which a threshold or enhancer mechanisms for which a
effect can be quantified with threshold can be assumed;
sufficient certainty ... low impact of primary
genotoxicity
The range of non-linearity may Multicausality in carcinogenesis
be at or below the commonly argues against a linear
encountered environmental exposure-risk-relationship (ERR)
exposure to benzene
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
10. 4-4 MoA & EXTRAPOLATION to LOW DOSES: LINEAR ?
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
Pro Kontra
In vivo MN-assay in mice (Zhang et al., 2010) In vitro MN-assays with human
showed induction of micronuclei still at very and murine bone marrow cells
low concentrations (extrapolated NOAEL showed non linear dose-
around 60 ppb). response relationships.
Aneuploidy induction for other chromoso- The induction of aneuploidy
mes (e.g., 7) found at low concentrations for chromosome 9 was non-
and effects on hyperploidy of chromoso- linear and only significant at
mes 7,8,9 showed a linear trend. high benzene concentrations
Indication of aneuploidy already at very low (>31 ppm)
concentrations (≤1 ppm benzene in air, (Zhang et al., 1996).
Xing et al., 2010; ca. 0.5 ppm, Kim et al.,
2010; >0 bis <30 ppm-years and more; Qu
et al., 2003). Aneuploidy is not the only
relevant mechanisms.
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
11. 4-5 MoA & EXTRAPOLATION to LOW DOSES: LINEAR ?
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
Pro Kontra
DNA-adducts in bone marrow of mice at DNA-adducts in P32-Post-
low concentrations with a linear dose-effect labelling were only seen at
relationship. high doses.
Errors/Mistakes in DNA-repair can lead to
point mutations. Indications for impaired Oxidative DNA-lesions
and erroneous DNA-repair in particular for probably contribute to the
double strang-breaks (Hogswood et al., 2009; effects; these are efficiently
Bi et al., 2010; Lan et al., 2009; Hartwig, 2010). repaired.
Oxidative lesions seem to occur at very low
benzene exposure (Uzma et al., 2010; Manini
et al., 2010)
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
12. 5-1 OTHER ADVERSE EFFECTS
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
Pro Kontra
Haematotoxicity with its NOAEC Haematotoxicity is a prerequisite
not clearly delineated from the for leukemia and this non-cancer
carcinogenic effect. H. seems not endpoint has a threshold.
a prerequisite for carcinogenicity
(Hirabayashi & Inoue, 2010).
Gene expression - significant In several epidemiological
changes indicative of leukemia, studies no significant findings for
immuntoxicity and oxidative leukemia at < 40 ppm-years
effects already seen clearly
below 1 ppm (McHale et al., 2011)
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
13. 5-2 NON-CANCER EFFECTS – UNCERTAINTY
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
• LOAEL of ≈0.4 ppm for haematotoxic effects is
controversial (Lan et al., Qu et al., // Schnatter et al.,
Lammet et al., Swaen et al.)
• But: Indications for immunotoxic effects at the same
level (Lan et al., Uzma et al.)
• But: Animal experiment (mouse, several endpoints)
leads to an extrapolated threshold at this level
Overall: no ‘solid‘ threshold value deducible;
a non-cancer risk cannot be excluded entirely
at the level of the tolerance risk (0.6 ppm)
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
14. 6-1 SUMMARY : RISK BASED OEL‘s – BENZENE
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
Risk Concentration
“Point of Departure”: ED10 (based on 47 mg/m3 ; 15 ppm
average of epidemiological studies)
4:1,000 (tolerable risk) 1.9 mg/m3; 0.6 ppm
4:10,000 (acceptable risk until 2013) 0.2 mg/m3; 0.06 ppm
4:100,000 (acceptable risk after 2013, 0.02 mg/m3; 0.006 ppm
latest by 2018)
• Carcinogenicity: Leukemia, numerous epidemiological studies,
additional risk (mean): 47 mg/m³ (10%), „point of departure“
• Genotoxicity as an important (partial) mechanism (linear extrapolation)
• Non-cancer effects (Haematotoxicity, Immunotoxicity): no clear
non-effect level identifiable, possibly already at tolerance risk
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
15. 6-2 CANCER RISKS – META-ANALYSIS
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
Metaanalysis of Khalade et al., 2010
Aggregated Leukemia forms - on basis of 15 studies:
mean relative risk 1.4 (95%-CI: 1.23-1.57);
very heterogenous results ...
For the lowest cumulated exposure group of up to
40 ppm-years the analysis yielded a relative risk of
1.64 (95%-CI: 1.13-2.39) with an increasing risk for
higher ppm-years (significant trend: p=0.015).
ED10 = 15.6 ppm
(AGS: 15 ppm)
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
16. 6-3 PUBLISHED CANCER RISK ESTIMATES FOR BENZENE
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
Author unit risk (per ED10 ED10
µg/m3, general (ppm, (mg/m3,
population) workplace) workplace)
EPA (2009, as of 1998) 2.2-7.8 • 10-6 24-84 77-273
WHO (2000) 6 • 10-6 30.8 100
Wahrendorf & Becher 9.2 • 10-6 18 58
(1990), LAI (1993, 2004)
for comparison:
AGS paper (2012) 10 • 10-6 15 47
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
17. 6-4 SUMMARY – BENZENE EXPOSURE: RISK / LIMITS
Position Paper of the AGS - Exposure Risk Relationships for Benzene
Candidate Comments
OEL [mg/m³]
3.2 SCOEL BOELV
1.6 ACGIH TLV
0.12 - 3.56 Air concentration linked to a 10-5 Risk (40 years
exposure, work place conditions) after Crump (1994)
0.016 Air concentration linked to a 10-5-Risk (40 years
exposure, work place conditions) after WHO (2000)
0.017 DMEL based on an „apparent threshold“ for cancer,
after Glass (2006) with an extra safety factor of 5
1.9 4:1000 risk; AGS 2012, workplace
0.2 4:10000 risk; AGS 2012, workplace
0.02 4:100000 risk; AGS 2012, workplace
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012
18. THANK YOU FOR THE INTEREST !
The most valuable contributions of the
rapporteur (Fritz Kalberlag, FOBIG) and all
members of AKCM / UA III are gratefully
acknowledged ..........
Benzene: full paper (in German) available at:
http://www.baua.de/de/Themen-von-A-Z/Gefahrstoffe/TRGS/Begruendungen-910.html
Brasilian Benzene Seminar, 6th December 2012 www.ifado.de