The document provides an overview of the start of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union after World War II. It discusses key events like the Iron Curtain speech, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan that established US policies of containment of communism. It also summarizes the formation of military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, proxy wars, the arms race and space race between the two superpowers during this early period of the Cold War. Debate questions are included about different perspectives on who was responsible for the escalation of tensions.

1. Good Day! DRAW A LINE SEPARATING TODAY & YESTERDAY 1) Write: Date: 03/10/10 , Topic: Cold War Starts 2) On the next line, write “ Opener #25 ” and then: 1) Plot your mood, reflect in 1 sent . 2) Respond to the opener by writing at least 2 sentences about : Your opinions/thoughts OR/AND Questions sparked by the clip OR/AND Summary of the clip OR/AND Other things going on in the news. Announcements: None Intro Music: Untitled

3. Agenda 1) Intro to Cold War End Goal, you will be able to… 1) Why did the Cold War start? Reminder 1) Test 2 after we study Cold War Europe and Asia (next 2 lessons), until then, expect a notes quiz for EACH of these lessons.

4. Review 1) WWII: 1939-1945 : 60 million dead, mostly civilian, $1 trillion spent (08: $10 tril), USSR the most, 2 civ

5. Notes #25a , Title: “ Cold War ” 1) Containment Theory (1946) : US diplomat George Kennan writes the need to stop communist aggression, but not roll back . 2) Iron Curtain (1946) : UK Churchill says an Iron Curtain has split Eur: West (US) vs. East (USSR)

6. A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately light by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytizing tendencies. I have a strong admiration and regard for the valiant Russian people and for my wartime comrade, Marshall Stalin. There is deep sympathy and goodwill in Britain -- and I doubt not here also -- towards the peoples of all the Russias and a resolve to persevere through many differences and rebuffs in establishing lasting friendships. We understand the Russian need to be secure on her western frontiers by the removal of all possibility of German aggression. We welcome Russia to her rightful place among the leading nations of the world. We welcome her flag upon the seas. Above all, we welcome, or should welcome, constant, frequent and growing contacts between the Russian people and our own people on both sides of the Atlantic. It is my duty however, for I am sure you would wish me to state the facts as I see them to you. It is my duty to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone -- Greece with its immortal glories -- is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy. A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately light by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytizing tendencies. I have a strong admiration and regard for the valiant Russian people and for my wartime comrade, Marshall Stalin… We understand the Russian need to be secure on her western frontiers by the removal of all possibility of German aggression. We welcome Russia to her rightful place among the leading nations of the world. …it is my duty however, for I am sure you would wish me to state the facts as I see them to you. It is my duty to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent ... Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy .

7. 3) Marshal Plan (1947) : US plan to spend $13 bil (08: $100 bil) to rebuild Eur, prevent communism

8. 4) Berlin Blockade (1948-1949) : Stalin blocks off Berlin, US flies 1,398 supply flights a day (1/m). This exp. helps unify US and Ger.

9. Berlin Wall (1961)

10. Berlin Wall (1961)

11. 5) United Nations (1945) : New league of nations created with a Security Council of the world powers to enforce the UN’s will a) General Assembly: Every Country - 1 Vote b) Security Council: 5 Permanent Members w Veto Power ( US, UK, France , China, USSR ), 10 Non-permanent No Veto Power

12. 6) Cold War (1946-1991) : Conflict between US allied nations and Soviet allied nations that never broke out in real direct war ( though plenty of proxy indirect wars ) Greece and Turkey (1947) : Soviets ( really Yugoslavs ) support Communist revolution, US donates $400 mil + successfully stop it.

13. 7) Hungary (1948) : USSR placed Com. dictator in control ( 1956: Nagy tries to lead rebellion, but fails, assassinated ) 8) Czechoslovakia (1948) : USSR placed Com. dictator in control ( 1968: Dubcek tries to give ppl indiv. but fails b/c USSR invades )

14. Work #25a , “ USSR Ideology Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Communism hurts most ppl 1) Communism requires a totalitarian (non-free) gov 2) While everyone is the same, this means everyone is suffering from low production PRO: Captialism hurts most ppl 1) Free markets create immense profits for the few wealthy 2) Many ppl remain suffering in poverty under Capitalism

15. Work #25b , “ USSR Expansion Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: We should leave others alone to help themselves 1) Who says we get to judge what’s “just” 2) If try to help others, we are creating more problems for ourselves PRO: If a neighboring nation’s ppl are being taken advantage of, you must help free those ppl 1) It’s just thing to do 2) If we don’t help them, when we need help, no one will be left to help

16. Work #25c , “ USSR Protection Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Russia needs to give E Europe its freedom 1) We need to also care about the lives of E. Eur 2) A cushion will only scare the Americans into thinking USSR wants to be aggressive PRO: Russia needs a cushion of protection 1) Russia has been invaded so many times, and lost so many lives 2) A cushion will ensure Russia’s security in the future

18. Notes #25b , Title: “ Start of Cold War ” 9) NATO (1949) and WARSAW (1955) : US and W Eur create mutual protection NATO alliance. USSR forces E Eur to join Warsaw Pact (Red) . North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): USA Canada UK France (but, won't submit to NATO military command) W. Germany Italy Greece Turkey

19. West Europe Becomes Socialist : Ppl vote to raises taxes to expand welfare services ( big gov ) Reasons: a) Depression rocked ppl’s belief in free market b) Some conservatives (capitalist) had supported facism, soliders, while big gov had won WWII c) Poor and returning soldiers needed help Key Distinction (Capitalism – Socialism – Communism): While W. Europe becomes socialist, they do so under free democratic elections , unlike in communist E. Europe where there are no elections , and gov controls everything , not just areas of social services.

20. 10) Proxy Wars : US + USSR fund wars in countries that haven’t picked sides yet ( mostly former colonies )

21. 11) Nuclear Arms Race (US: 1945, USSR: 1949) : USSR fear US will use, if they don’t have it too. ( UK: 1952, France: 1960, China: 1964, India: 1974 )

23. 12) Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) : Peace is maintained as long as each side has 2 nd strike ability to catastrophically retaliate .

25. 13) Space Race (1957-1975) : US + USSR race to create tech. to explore space , this tech used to design missiles to deliver nukes (USSR 1 st satellite ( Sputnik ) 1 st man in space ( Gagarin )

26. Work #25b , “ Cold War Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: USSR is to blame 1) USSR broke Yalta promise + didn’t give E Eur free elections, their aggression is clear 2) USSR restricted the rights of the ppl under its dominion PRO: US is to blame for the start of the Cold War 1) US offered money to countries bordering USSR 2) US first attacked USSR communist during their rev, created NATO first, first had the Atomic Bomb

27. Work #25e , “ Proxy War Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: US should back democracies even if they are pro-USSR 1) Freedom is what US is really trying to protect 2) Otherwise, the ppl will hate the US along with its local dictator PRO: US should support any govt that is anti-USSR even if a cruel dictator 1) USSR has appeal with the poor, the US needs any allies it can get to weaken the USSR 2) US can pressure dictators to reform

28. Work #25f , “ MAD Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: MAD is mad 1) Creating more nukes just increases the chance of them being used (why build what you can’t use) 2) Nations will find a way to avoid 2 nd strike, and then be willing to strike PRO: MAD is logical 1) Creating more nukes insures the cost of using them is too high 2) No nation will do something that ensures their own annihilation

29. Work #25c , Title “ Nukes and Space Race ” 1) Copy Source Title: K-19 2…) Discuss questions on the board with a partner. Summarize your discussion ( include their name at the end ). Remember participation points are deducted if off task. 5 Reading/Film Qs Come From These Work Sections

32. Homework: 1) Test 2 after we study Cold War Europe and Asia (next 2 lessons), until then, expect a notes quiz for EACH of these lessons. Workbook Check: If your name is called, drop off your workbook with Mr. Chiang ( if requested, points lost if your workbook is not turned in )