This document discusses energy integration in Latin America, including past experiences, the current status quo, and future perspectives. It analyzes the benefits of energy integration such as cost reductions, improved reliability, and increased energy trade. However, challenges remain such as developing harmonized long-term planning, legal frameworks, infrastructure, and new financing. If these challenges can be addressed, energy integration has the potential to stimulate regional cooperation, support sustainable development, and help meet growing energy demand in Latin America.

1. Energy Integration in Latin America : pastEnergy Integration in Latin America : past
experiences,experiences, status quostatus quo and perspectivesand perspectives
CEALCEAL
XXI Assembléia Plenária AnualXXI Assembléia Plenária Anual
São Paulo, BrasilSão Paulo, Brasil
14-17 de outubro de 201014-17 de outubro de 2010
Ericson de Paula
Energy Research Scholar
University of Miami, College of Engineering

3. Source, DOE 2002Source, DOE 2002
NorthAmerican Electricity Transmission SystemsNorthAmerican Electricity Transmission Systems

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12. REDUCTION OF OPERATIONAL COSTREDUCTION OF OPERATIONAL COST
INTERCONNECTIONINTERCONNECTION
BENEFITSBENEFITS
MMU$S/yearMMU$S/year
ObservationsObservations
Argentina-BrasilArgentina-Brasil 653653
Interconnection of 4000MWInterconnection of 4000MW
Peru- Ecuador –Peru- Ecuador –
Colombia-VenezuelaColombia-Venezuela
311311 Interconnection of 1000Interconnection of 1000
MW Colombia – VenezuelaMW Colombia – Venezuela
and 400MW Colombia –and 400MW Colombia –
Ecuador – PeruEcuador – Peru
Chile – PeruChile – Peru 60.560.5 Interconnection of 400MWInterconnection of 400MW
Brasil – UruguayBrasil – Uruguay 6363 Interconnection of 500MWInterconnection of 500MW
Source : CIER 2008, produced by the author

13. Investments in Latin America 2030Investments in Latin America 2030

14. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
 ARGENTINAARGENTINA - Ministry of Federal Planning and Public Investments, Secretary- Ministry of Federal Planning and Public Investments, Secretary
of Energy, Yacyretá Binationalof Energy, Yacyretá Binational
 BOLIVIABOLIVIA - Vice-Ministry of Hycrocarbon, Vice Ministry of Electricity- Vice-Ministry of Hycrocarbon, Vice Ministry of Electricity
 BRASILBRASIL – Ministry of Mines and Energy, National Council of Energy, Council of– Ministry of Mines and Energy, National Council of Energy, Council of
Monitoring of the Electricity System, Nacional Company of Energy PlanningMonitoring of the Electricity System, Nacional Company of Energy Planning
 CHILECHILE - CNE – National Comission of Energy- CNE – National Comission of Energy
 COLOMBIACOLOMBIA – Ministry of Mines and Energy– Ministry of Mines and Energy
 ECUADORECUADOR – UnderSecretary of Hydrocarbon Policy, National Department of– UnderSecretary of Hydrocarbon Policy, National Department of
HydrocarbonHydrocarbon
 PARAGUAYPARAGUAY – Ministry of Public Construction and Telecom, Vice Ministry of– Ministry of Public Construction and Telecom, Vice Ministry of
EnergyEnergy
 PERUPERU - Vice-Ministry of Energy, National Department of Electricity,- Vice-Ministry of Energy, National Department of Electricity,
Hydrocarbon and EnvironmentHydrocarbon and Environment
 URUGUAYURUGUAY – Ministry of Mines and Energy– Ministry of Mines and Energy
 VENEZUELAVENEZUELA – Ministry for Electricity and Oil, Vice Ministry of Energy,– Ministry for Electricity and Oil, Vice Ministry of Energy,
Hydrocarbon, Refining and PetrochemicalHydrocarbon, Refining and Petrochemical

15. REGULATORY FRAMEWORKREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
 ARGENTINAARGENTINA - Ente Regulador de Electricidad (ENRE) e Ente Nacional Regulador de Gás- Ente Regulador de Electricidad (ENRE) e Ente Nacional Regulador de Gás
(ENARGAS).(ENARGAS).
 BOLÍVIABOLÍVIA – Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH), Autoridad de Supervisión y Control Social de– Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH), Autoridad de Supervisión y Control Social de
ElectricidadElectricidad
 BRASILBRASIL – Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP)– Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP)
 CHILECHILE – Comissión Nacional de Energía ( CNE ), Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles– Comissión Nacional de Energía ( CNE ), Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles
(SEC)(SEC)
 COLOMBIACOLOMBIA - Comissión de Regulación de Energía y Gas (CREG). Unidad de Planificación de Minas- Comissión de Regulación de Energía y Gas (CREG). Unidad de Planificación de Minas
y Energía (UPME) .y Energía (UPME) .
 ECUADORECUADOR – Consejo Nacional de Electricidad ( CONELEC). Dirección Nacional de Hidrocarburos– Consejo Nacional de Electricidad ( CONELEC). Dirección Nacional de Hidrocarburos
(DNH).(DNH).
 PARAGUAYPARAGUAY – Administración Nacional de Electricidad (ANDE), Comissión Coordinadora y Promotora– Administración Nacional de Electricidad (ANDE), Comissión Coordinadora y Promotora
de Gas Natural (COMIGAS) .de Gas Natural (COMIGAS) .
 PERUPERU – Organismo Supervisor de Inversiones en Energía y Minério (OSINERGMIN).– Organismo Supervisor de Inversiones en Energía y Minério (OSINERGMIN).
 URUGUAYURUGUAY – Unidad Reguladora de Serviços de Energía y Agua (URSEA). Administración Nacional de– Unidad Reguladora de Serviços de Energía y Agua (URSEA). Administración Nacional de
Combustibles, Álcool y Portland. (ANCAP).Combustibles, Álcool y Portland. (ANCAP).
 VENEZUELAVENEZUELA – Ente Nacional del Gas (Enagas), Corporacion Electrica Nacional– Ente Nacional del Gas (Enagas), Corporacion Electrica Nacional (CORPOELEC).(CORPOELEC).

16. ENERGY INTEGRATION IN LATIN AMERICA – CHALLENGES
• Improve mechanisms of diplomatic agreements between governments
• Contracts among parties binding with diplomatic agreements
• Changes and adaptations to the current legal and regulatory framework
• Harmonize long term energy planning with governmental public policies
• Adopt Regional Court of Appeal for solving contractual conflicts
• Promote business profitability in a high risk environment
• Attention to domestic protectionism
• Develop appropriate infrastructure
• Expand sources of financial funding

17. ENERGY INTEGRATION IN LATIN AMERICA : BENEFITS
• Eliminate conditions of social and economical isolation of regions
•Provide conditions for new regional initiatives
•Improving the reliability and safety of the operational energy system
•Sharing surplus of electricity and natural gas
•Improving possibilities of energy interchange between countries
•Provide efficient and rational use of energy resources
•Optimize the market with possibilities for supply and demand

18. ENERGY INTEGRATION IN LATIN AMERICA : PERSPECTIVES
•Stimulus to the regional cooperation and integration
•Commitment with environmental preservation
•Reduction of CO2 emission
•Focusing on sustainable development
•Price volatility because of increasing demand
•High participation of hydrocarbons as primary source
•Incentives to the development of energy efficiency

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