The document discusses the history and development of the Internet from its origins as ARPANET in the 1960s through the 1990s. It notes that in the late 1960s and early 1970s, computers were large mainframes with no personal computers yet. ARPANET first connected computers at UCLA, Stanford, UCSB and the University of Utah in 1969. Key developments in the 1970s included the creation of TCP/IP, email, and file transfer protocols. The 1980s saw the introduction of personal computers from IBM and Apple and the creation of modem connections and NSFNET. The World Wide Web was developed in the early 1990s, using HTTP and early browsers like Mosaic to access HTML files via URLs on the Internet
O documento descreve as principais partes de um teclado de computador, incluindo o teclado alfanumérico, teclas de funções especiais, teclas de movimento e teclado numérico. Ele explica as funções das teclas como SHIFT, CAPS LOCK, BACKSPACE, ENTER, teclas de função F1-F12, ALT, CTRL e teclas de seta e movimentação. O documento também discute como o teclado numérico permite digitar números e operações matemáticas.
O documento resume a história do desenvolvimento dos computadores desde as primeiras máquinas mecânicas de calcular no século 17 até os computadores modernos. Detalha os principais marcos como o desenvolvimento dos cartões perfurados, das válvulas eletrônicas e dos transistores, culminando na criação dos primeiros microprocessadores e computadores pessoais nas décadas de 1970 e 1980.
Os primeiros computadores surgiram na década de 40 com propósitos militares, utilizando válvulas eletrônicas. Posteriormente passaram a usar transistores, tornando-se mais rápidos. O IBM System 360 de 1964 foi um marco, processando dados por um conjunto de transistores.
This document summarizes computer hardware components. It divides hardware into three main groups: input devices, output devices, and the system unit. Input devices like keyboards and mice are used to enter data, while output devices like monitors and printers display or print data. The system unit contains the central processing unit and memory that process data, as well as peripheral components like the motherboard, hard disk drive, ports and power supply.
The document discusses the history and development of the Internet from its origins as ARPANET in the 1960s through the 1990s. It notes that in the late 1960s and early 1970s, computers were large mainframes with no personal computers yet. ARPANET first connected computers at UCLA, Stanford, UCSB and the University of Utah in 1969. Key developments in the 1970s included the creation of TCP/IP, email, and file transfer protocols. The 1980s saw the introduction of personal computers from IBM and Apple and the creation of modem connections and NSFNET. The World Wide Web was developed in the early 1990s, using HTTP and early browsers like Mosaic to access HTML files via URLs on the Internet
O documento descreve as principais partes de um teclado de computador, incluindo o teclado alfanumérico, teclas de funções especiais, teclas de movimento e teclado numérico. Ele explica as funções das teclas como SHIFT, CAPS LOCK, BACKSPACE, ENTER, teclas de função F1-F12, ALT, CTRL e teclas de seta e movimentação. O documento também discute como o teclado numérico permite digitar números e operações matemáticas.
O documento resume a história do desenvolvimento dos computadores desde as primeiras máquinas mecânicas de calcular no século 17 até os computadores modernos. Detalha os principais marcos como o desenvolvimento dos cartões perfurados, das válvulas eletrônicas e dos transistores, culminando na criação dos primeiros microprocessadores e computadores pessoais nas décadas de 1970 e 1980.
Os primeiros computadores surgiram na década de 40 com propósitos militares, utilizando válvulas eletrônicas. Posteriormente passaram a usar transistores, tornando-se mais rápidos. O IBM System 360 de 1964 foi um marco, processando dados por um conjunto de transistores.
This document summarizes computer hardware components. It divides hardware into three main groups: input devices, output devices, and the system unit. Input devices like keyboards and mice are used to enter data, while output devices like monitors and printers display or print data. The system unit contains the central processing unit and memory that process data, as well as peripheral components like the motherboard, hard disk drive, ports and power supply.
Originally it was a job title.
It was used to describe those personnel (chiefly women) whose job it was to perform the repetitive calculations required to compute such things as navigational tables, tide charts, and planetary positions for astronomical almanacs.
Smartphones have evolved greatly since the first model in 1992. They combine the functions of mobile phones, cameras, and personal digital assistants into one portable device. While smartphones allow constant connectivity and access to applications, their overuse can hinder productivity for some. Their popularity continues to grow as they become an essential part of everyday life for most people.
O documento descreve a evolução dos jogos eletrônicos desde as primeiras ideias na década de 1950 até os jogos modernos. Ele destaca marcos como Spacewar em 1961, o primeiro console Odyssey e o jogo Pong na década de 1970, Pac-Man e Donkey Kong na década de 1980, e o crescimento da indústria dos videogames nas décadas seguintes com franquias como Mario, Sonic, Resident Evil e outros.
O documento descreve a evolução da tecnologia computacional ao longo da história, desde os primeiros instrumentos de cálculo como o ábaco até os computadores modernos. Ele detalha marcos como a máquina de Pascal, a calculadora de Leibniz, o desenvolvimento dos cartões perfurados por Jacquard e Hollerith, e a fundação da IBM. Também aborda o surgimento dos primeiros computadores eletrônicos e digitais como o ENIAC e o UNIVAC, e o desenvolvimento dos microprocessadores, dos PCs e das tecnologias
Will Miller and Harrison Graves Computer MouseMarq2014
The document summarizes the history and types of computer mice. It discusses how the first mouse was invented in the 1960s by Douglas Engelbart as a wooden box with a button. Modern optical mice can take up to 1,500 pictures per second and come in different forms, including mechanical mice with balls, optical mice that use light sensors instead of balls, laser mice that are more accurate than standard optical, and wireless mice that send radio signals to the computer. The mouse controls cursor movement on screen and allows navigation via surface movement.
The Macintosh was introduced in 1984 and was the first commercially successful personal computer to feature a mouse and GUI. It helped popularize home computing. Throughout the 1990s, Mac faced competition from Windows but was revitalized by the 1998 iMac. The iMac sold over 800,000 units quickly and its design was applied to other Apple products. Mac transitioned to Intel processors in 2006 and continues to gain market share, now offering various products like the MacBook, iMac, Mac Pro, and more running macOS.
O documento descreve o que é um microprocessador, sua história e tipos. Explica que um microprocessador é um circuito integrado que realiza funções de cálculo e tomada de decisão em um computador e é considerado o cérebro do computador. Também descreve a evolução dos microprocessadores desde 1970 até os dias atuais.
The document summarizes the history and development of the computer mouse. It describes how Douglas Engelbart invented the first mouse in 1964 to make computers more user-friendly. The trackball was an earlier precursor invented in 1952 for military use. Mice allow users to navigate graphical user interfaces via movement detection. Early mice had cords and tracking balls, while modern mice use optical or laser sensors and wireless connectivity. The design of mice has evolved to be smaller and more ergonomic over time.
O documento explica como usar o teclado e o mouse para digitar e interagir com um computador. Descreve as partes principais do teclado como a área de digitação, teclado numérico e teclas de função, e como usar combinações de teclas como CTRL, ALT e teclas de função. Também explica como usar o mouse para mover o cursor e clicar nos botões esquerdo, direito e roda para selecionar itens ou executar ações.
1) O documento descreve a evolução histórica dos computadores desde o Abacus até os dias atuais, passando pelas principais invenções e marcos no desenvolvimento da tecnologia computacional.
2) Os primeiros dispositivos mecânicos que realizavam cálculos deram origem aos primeiros computadores eletrônicos no século 20, que evoluíram dos transistores para os circuitos integrados e microprocessadores.
3) A popularização dos computadores pessoais a partir dos anos 1970 permitiu seu uso em diversas aplicações e o desenvolvimento de linguagens
Tribute to Computing Legend Dennis Ritchie #RIPDennisBuzzom
Dennis Ritchie (1941-2011), American computer scientist, developed the C programming language along with Ken Thompson and co-designed the Unix operating system. C became one of the most widely used programming languages due to its efficiency and influence on other languages. Ritchie laid the foundation for American technology development through innovations like C and Unix. He received the National Medal of Technology in 1998 but his passing in 2011 was not widely covered by media unlike Steve Jobs, though he was equally influential in computing history.
The document discusses the history and development of the computer keyboard. It began with Christopher Latham Scholes' 1873 invention of the first commercially successful typing machine, which had an alphabetically ordered keyboard layout. This caused jamming issues, so Scholes redesigned it with the most common keys spaced farther apart, creating the QWERTY keyboard layout still used today. The document also briefly describes different types of keyboards like wireless, USB, and laptop keyboards, as well as the basic parts that make up a keyboard like function keys, alphanumeric keys, cursor keys, and numeric keys.
O documento descreve as principais partes de um computador incluindo o teclado, monitor, mouse e CPU. Ele também fornece instruções sobre como ligar o computador pela primeira vez ligando o estabilizador, CPU e monitor e aguardar o processo de inicialização.
Here it is some of brief history of operating system and also it shows how there came revolution in the industry of technology regarding operating system
O documento descreve a história inicial dos computadores, começando com a invenção da calculadora mecânica por Pascal em 1942 e o desenvolvimento do primeiro computador eletrônico, o ENIAC, entre 1943-1946 para auxiliar cálculos balísticos durante a 2a Guerra Mundial. O ENIAC era enorme, pesando 30 toneladas, consumindo muita energia e requerendo um time de 80 mulheres para operá-lo manualmente. Desde então, os computadores evoluíram para serem cada vez mais leves, rápidos e acessí
Originally it was a job title.
It was used to describe those personnel (chiefly women) whose job it was to perform the repetitive calculations required to compute such things as navigational tables, tide charts, and planetary positions for astronomical almanacs.
Smartphones have evolved greatly since the first model in 1992. They combine the functions of mobile phones, cameras, and personal digital assistants into one portable device. While smartphones allow constant connectivity and access to applications, their overuse can hinder productivity for some. Their popularity continues to grow as they become an essential part of everyday life for most people.
O documento descreve a evolução dos jogos eletrônicos desde as primeiras ideias na década de 1950 até os jogos modernos. Ele destaca marcos como Spacewar em 1961, o primeiro console Odyssey e o jogo Pong na década de 1970, Pac-Man e Donkey Kong na década de 1980, e o crescimento da indústria dos videogames nas décadas seguintes com franquias como Mario, Sonic, Resident Evil e outros.
O documento descreve a evolução da tecnologia computacional ao longo da história, desde os primeiros instrumentos de cálculo como o ábaco até os computadores modernos. Ele detalha marcos como a máquina de Pascal, a calculadora de Leibniz, o desenvolvimento dos cartões perfurados por Jacquard e Hollerith, e a fundação da IBM. Também aborda o surgimento dos primeiros computadores eletrônicos e digitais como o ENIAC e o UNIVAC, e o desenvolvimento dos microprocessadores, dos PCs e das tecnologias
Will Miller and Harrison Graves Computer MouseMarq2014
The document summarizes the history and types of computer mice. It discusses how the first mouse was invented in the 1960s by Douglas Engelbart as a wooden box with a button. Modern optical mice can take up to 1,500 pictures per second and come in different forms, including mechanical mice with balls, optical mice that use light sensors instead of balls, laser mice that are more accurate than standard optical, and wireless mice that send radio signals to the computer. The mouse controls cursor movement on screen and allows navigation via surface movement.
The Macintosh was introduced in 1984 and was the first commercially successful personal computer to feature a mouse and GUI. It helped popularize home computing. Throughout the 1990s, Mac faced competition from Windows but was revitalized by the 1998 iMac. The iMac sold over 800,000 units quickly and its design was applied to other Apple products. Mac transitioned to Intel processors in 2006 and continues to gain market share, now offering various products like the MacBook, iMac, Mac Pro, and more running macOS.
O documento descreve o que é um microprocessador, sua história e tipos. Explica que um microprocessador é um circuito integrado que realiza funções de cálculo e tomada de decisão em um computador e é considerado o cérebro do computador. Também descreve a evolução dos microprocessadores desde 1970 até os dias atuais.
The document summarizes the history and development of the computer mouse. It describes how Douglas Engelbart invented the first mouse in 1964 to make computers more user-friendly. The trackball was an earlier precursor invented in 1952 for military use. Mice allow users to navigate graphical user interfaces via movement detection. Early mice had cords and tracking balls, while modern mice use optical or laser sensors and wireless connectivity. The design of mice has evolved to be smaller and more ergonomic over time.
O documento explica como usar o teclado e o mouse para digitar e interagir com um computador. Descreve as partes principais do teclado como a área de digitação, teclado numérico e teclas de função, e como usar combinações de teclas como CTRL, ALT e teclas de função. Também explica como usar o mouse para mover o cursor e clicar nos botões esquerdo, direito e roda para selecionar itens ou executar ações.
1) O documento descreve a evolução histórica dos computadores desde o Abacus até os dias atuais, passando pelas principais invenções e marcos no desenvolvimento da tecnologia computacional.
2) Os primeiros dispositivos mecânicos que realizavam cálculos deram origem aos primeiros computadores eletrônicos no século 20, que evoluíram dos transistores para os circuitos integrados e microprocessadores.
3) A popularização dos computadores pessoais a partir dos anos 1970 permitiu seu uso em diversas aplicações e o desenvolvimento de linguagens
Tribute to Computing Legend Dennis Ritchie #RIPDennisBuzzom
Dennis Ritchie (1941-2011), American computer scientist, developed the C programming language along with Ken Thompson and co-designed the Unix operating system. C became one of the most widely used programming languages due to its efficiency and influence on other languages. Ritchie laid the foundation for American technology development through innovations like C and Unix. He received the National Medal of Technology in 1998 but his passing in 2011 was not widely covered by media unlike Steve Jobs, though he was equally influential in computing history.
The document discusses the history and development of the computer keyboard. It began with Christopher Latham Scholes' 1873 invention of the first commercially successful typing machine, which had an alphabetically ordered keyboard layout. This caused jamming issues, so Scholes redesigned it with the most common keys spaced farther apart, creating the QWERTY keyboard layout still used today. The document also briefly describes different types of keyboards like wireless, USB, and laptop keyboards, as well as the basic parts that make up a keyboard like function keys, alphanumeric keys, cursor keys, and numeric keys.
O documento descreve as principais partes de um computador incluindo o teclado, monitor, mouse e CPU. Ele também fornece instruções sobre como ligar o computador pela primeira vez ligando o estabilizador, CPU e monitor e aguardar o processo de inicialização.
Here it is some of brief history of operating system and also it shows how there came revolution in the industry of technology regarding operating system
O documento descreve a história inicial dos computadores, começando com a invenção da calculadora mecânica por Pascal em 1942 e o desenvolvimento do primeiro computador eletrônico, o ENIAC, entre 1943-1946 para auxiliar cálculos balísticos durante a 2a Guerra Mundial. O ENIAC era enorme, pesando 30 toneladas, consumindo muita energia e requerendo um time de 80 mulheres para operá-lo manualmente. Desde então, os computadores evoluíram para serem cada vez mais leves, rápidos e acessí
2. DEFINICJA KOMPUTERA
KOMPUTERKOMPUTER
(z ang. computer od łac. computare – liczyć, sumować)
– maszyna elektroniczna przeznaczona
do przetwarzania informacji, które da
się zapisać w formie ciągu cyfr
Dawne nazwy używane w Polsce:
mózg elektronowy, elektroniczna maszyna cyfrowa,
maszyna matematyczna
3. HISTORIA KOMPUTERA
Pierwsze mechaniczne maszyny liczące
pojawiały się już w 17 wieku.
Elektroniczne maszyny liczące pojawiły się
dopiero w 20 wieku.
Natomiast komputer osobisty (personal
computer - PC) pojawił się w latach 70-tych 20
wieku.
4. Kalkulator Pascala
W 1642 pragnąc ułatwić ojcu niekończące się,
wyczerpujące kalkulacje wpływów i
należności, osiemnastoletni Pascal zbudował
maszynę obliczeniową zdolną do
wykonywania działań dodawania i
odejmowania, nazwaną później kalkulatorem
Pascala
5. ABC
Do miana pierwszego elektronicznego komputera na świecie
pretenduje komputer ABC (od ang. Atanasoff-Berry Computer),
zbudowany przez Johna Vincenta Atanasoffa i Clifforda
Berry'ego w latach 1937-42.
Komputer ten był bardzo innowacyjny: działał według arytmetyki
dwójkowej, posiadał właściwość przetwarzania równoległego i
oddzielne funkcjonalnie moduły jednostki arytmetycznej i pamięci.
6. ABC jednak pierwszy
Atanasoff spotykał się z konstruktorami ENIACa i pokazywał im konstrukcję własnego
komputera. Mauchly i Eckert opatentowali konstrukcję ENIACA, opartą w dużym stopniu
na ABC i w ten sposób pozbawili Atanasoffa pierwszeństwa. Po wieloletnim procesie
sądowym wytoczonym przez tego ostatniego, w październiku 1973 roku sędzia federalny
Earl R. Larson podjął decyzję unieważniającą patent ENIACa i przyznał Atanasoffowi
miano wynalazcy komputera elektronicznego.
Clifford Berry podczas pracy z
komputerem ABC
7. Z3
Z3 to pierwszy działający, w pełni automatyczny komputer
zbudowany przez niemieckiego inżyniera Konrada Zuse w 1941.
Maszyna była wykorzystywana w czasie wojny do obliczeń
niezbędnych przy projektowaniu skrzydeł. Z3 był maszyną
przekaźnikową.
Wykonywały tylko dodawanie,
odejmowanie, mnożenie, dzielenie i
pierwiastkowanie na binarnych liczbach
zmiennoprzecinkowych
przechowywanych w 64 słowach pamięci.
Program zapisany był na ośmiokanałowej
taśmie perforowanej. Dane były
wprowadzane przez klawiaturę a wynik
odczytywany z wyświetlacza.
8. Colossus
Colossus został zbudowany 14 kwietnia w 1943 roku w brytyjskim
ośrodku kryptograficznym Bletchley Park (80 kilometrów na północ
od Londynu) i przeznaczony był do zastosowań wojskowych.
Służył do rozpracowania sposobu działania niemieckiej Maszyny
Lorenza i łamania jej szyfrów.
9. ENIAC - historia
ENIAC (od ang. Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer –
Elektroniczny, Numeryczny Integrator i Komputer) – komputer
skonstruowany w latach 1943-1945 przez J.P. Eckerta i J.W.
Mauchly'ego w USA. Zaprzestano jego używania w 1955.
Do roku 1975 powszechnie uważany był za pierwszy komputer na świecie, jednak teraz o
miano to ubiegają się również - po odtajnieniu danych brytyjskich maszyny Colossus oraz
niemieckie Konrada Zuse.
J.P. Eckert i J.W. Mauchly – twórcy ENIAC’a
10. ENIAC - budowa
ENIAC miał masę ponad 27 ton, zawierał około
18000 lamp elektronowych i zajmował powierzchnię
ok. 140 m2
. Nie posiadał pamięci operacyjnej i
początkowo programowany był przez przełączanie
wtyków kablowych, później za pomocą kart
perforowanych.
Lampy elektronowe
Programowanie za pomocą kabliENIAC - komputer zajmujący całe pomieszczenie
11. PC (komputer osobisty)
Idea komputerów osobistych zrodziła się na początku lat 70. Nie do końca jest
jasne, który z komputerów można uznać za pierwszą tego typu maszynę. O palmę
pierwszeństwa kłócą się tu Xerox, Hewlett-Packard oraz IBM.
Jednakże wydaje się, iż pierwszym komputerem osobistym (PC) powszechnie
uznanym przez "świat zachodni" była konstrukcja firmy MITS nazwana ALTAIR
8800 – zaprezentowana przez Eda Robertsa i Billa Gatesa w styczniowym
wydaniu Popular Electronics Magazine (1975).
12. Apple
Niewątpliwym faktem jest natomiast to, że pierwszym masowo produkowanym tego
rodzaju komputerem, który faktycznie dotarł "pod strzechy" był Apple I.
Intensywny rozwój komputerów osobistych rozpoczął się w 1981 roku, kiedy to
Apple II sprzedawany wraz z prostym edytorem tekstów – AppleWrite oraz
arkuszem kalkulacyjnym VisiCalc, stał się faktycznie pożytecznym narzędziem
przydatnym w prostych pracach biurowych.
Apple I Apple II
13. IBM PC
Rynek ten zauważył wtedy IBM, który dodał do idei prostej i taniej architektury
Apple'a ideę otwartej architektury budowy komputera i 12 sierpnia 1981
wprowadził na rynek swój pierwszy komputer PC 5150 z 16 kB pamięci
operacyjnej, a 8 marca 1983 masowo produkowany komputer osobisty IBM
PC/XT, od którego wywodzi się cała rodzina komputerów klasy PC.
IBM PC 5150 z
monochromatycznym monitorem
IBM PC / XT (model 5160)
z monitorem kolorowym
21. Ćwiczenia
1.Zdefiniuj pojęcie komputer?
2.Jakie znasz pierwsze komputery?
3.Wymień, z jakich elementów składa się
podstawowy zestaw komputerowy?
4.Wymień, jakie urządzenia można dodatkowo
podłączyć do komputera?
22. Praca domowa
1.Opisz w zeszycie 2 wybrane urządzenia
dodatkowe!
W domu lub w szkole (w bibliotece lub w pracowni komputerowej)
