The document discusses the ethnic composition of Bosnia and provides background information on the Srebrenica massacre. It notes that 43% of Bosnia's population is Bosnian Muslim, 33% is Bosnian Serb, and 17% is Bosnian Croat. It describes how the massacre took place during the Bosnian War from 1992-1995 after Bosnia's secession from Yugoslavia. Between July 6-11, 1995, Bosnian Serb forces overran the town of Srebrenica, taking UN peacekeepers hostage. They then proceeded to commit atrocities, separating and executing over 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men.

2. Ethnic Composition
of Bosnia
 43% Bosnian Muslims
 33% Bosnian Serbs
 17% Bosnian Croats
 7% Other

3. Background
 The Srebrenica
Massacre took place
during the Bosnian War
(1992-1995) a conflict
that started over
Bosnia’s seccesion from
Yugoslavia

4. Background
 Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum for
independence supported by both the Croatian and
Bosnian populations
 Bosnian Serbs with the aid of the Yugoslav People’s
Army (JNA) declared their own republic and began a
campaign of terror against ethnic Muslims
 Bosnian Croats likewise declared their own
breakaway republic creating a three sided war

5. Srebrenica
1993
 Located in the western part of Bosnia near the
Serbian border
 Was declared a ―safe zone‖ for refugees on April 18th
1993
 Srebrenica itself was demilitarized on April 21st –this
meant that Bosnian Muslims had surrendered all
―weapons, mines, ammunition and military
equipment‖ to U.N. soldiers

7. Srebrenica
1993-1994
 From 1993 until the Srebrenica offensive in 1995
Bosnian Serbs severely restricted the passage of
vital humanitarian aid
 Serbian soldiers taxed the aid convoys and limited
the amount of food, medicine and fuel available to
the population

9. Srebrenica
1995
 By July it was clear that an offensive was coming as
Bosnian Serbs had surrounded Srebrenica with
some 50 pieces of artillery and some 15-20 combat
vehicles
 Replacement troops for the U.N. mission where
denied entry to the enclave

11. The Massacre
 Between the 6th and 11th Bosnian Serb forces
overran Srebrenica taking over 30 U.N. soldiers
hostage and advanced to the main U.N. base in
Potocari
 Bosnian Serb soldiers disarmed the U.N.
peacekeepers, stole their vehicles and clothes and
took control of the U.N. encampment completely

13. The Massacre
 With U.N. troops completely pacified the Bosnian Serbs
proceeded to commit atrocities against the civilian’s
population. Serb soldiers raped women, murdered
children and began to separate men of fighting age from
the rest of the refugees. The men of fighting age from
Srebrenica and Potocari where taken away to various
areas and executed in large numbers and buried in mass
graves
 Some 8,000 men where killed in the largest slaughter of
unarmed civilians since World War II

17. Ethical Analysis:
Seven Core Army Values
 The definition of duty put forth by the U.S. is:Fulfilling all of your
professional, legal, and moral obligations and accomplishing all
tasks to the fullest of your ability. Duty means accepting
responsibility for your actions and those of your subordinates.
Doing your duty prohibits engaging in illegal and immoral
actions. Duty also requires your disobedience of unlawful
orders— those that run counter to the Army’s doctrine,
standard practices, and values (United States Army, 2011)
 When UNPROFOR forces confiscated weapons in Srebrenica
they created a duty to care for the civilians that gave up their
means of self-defense. Surrender and retreat in the face of the
enemy constituted a breach of duty from both the civil and
military perspective

18. Ethical Analysis:
Seven Core Army Values
 Selfless service according to the U.S. Army is ―placing
Army priorities before your own. You consider the welfare
of the nation, your mission, and your fellow Soldiers and
subordinates before your personal safety‖ (United States
Army, 2011)
 by following a policy of surrender and displaying
cowardice in the face of the enemy U.N. soldiers
demonstrated a serious lack of resolve. Surrender to the
enemy was not just an isolated incident in and around
Srebrenica; U.N. soldiers when faced with armed
resistance capitulated and turned their uniforms, vehicles
and weapons over to Serb forces

20. Ethical Analysis:
Deontology
 Deontological ethics are a good method of
evaluating the behavior of the U.N. Security Council,
as it was the body that established the rules of
engagement. The U.N. Security Council failed to
meet deontological standards by failing to meet an
absolute moral value, preventing genocide.

21. Ethical Analysis:
Utilitarianism
 According to utilitarianism it would be ok for
peacekeepers to fight and die as long as their
deaths secured safety or escape for the larger
population. By opting to save themselves and not
fight the U.N. soldiers did not do the best for the
greatest number of people of people. The United
Nations Security Council likewise did not meet the
utilitarian standard of ethical behavior as the policies
it pursued did not produce the greatest good for the
greatest number of people.