The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland. It is mainly serous and lobulated, extending from the zygomatic arch to the upper neck. The facial nerve and parotid duct emerge from the gland's anteromedial surface and run deep to its irregular anterior border. The posteromedial surface is related to the mastoid process, styloid process, and sternocleidomastoid muscle. The parotid duct passes through the masseter muscle and buccal fat before opening near the second upper molar tooth. The blood supply comes from the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein, while the nerve supply is from the auriculotemporal nerve. Diseases

1. Parotid Salivary glands
A.M. Silmy Ahamed

2. • Three main types of salivary glands
• Parotid gland
• Submandibular gland
• Sublingual gland

3. Parotid salivary gland
• Mainly serous
• Large
• Irregular
• Lobulated
• Extends from zygomatic arch to upper part of neck
• Here it overlaps posterior belly of digastric and anterior border of
sternocleidomastoid

4. Anteriorly overlaps masseter
Extends below external acoustic
meatus
Posteriorly into mastoid
• Small parotid gland lies above the
aponeurotic part of masseter

5. • Wedge shaped in transverse section
• Occupy ramus of mandible to mastoid and styloid process
• The wedge reaches up to oropharynx. Therefore examine fauces when
examining a enlarged thyroid
Anteromedial surface
Posteromedial surface
Lateral surface

7. Lateral surface
• Skin and superficial fascia
• Investing layer of deep cervical fascia envelops the gland as
parotidomasseteric fascia. It reach upto zygomatic arch.
• On the gland it is called as parotid capsule and anteriorly as masseteric fascia
• Superficial musculo aponeurotic system overlies the gland
• Continues above with temperoparietal fascia and below with platysma.

9. • Greater auricular nerve supplies the fascia superficial and deep to the
gland
• Transmit pain due to acute stretch of the gland in mumps

10. Anteromedial surface
• Grooved by posterior border of mandibular ramus.
• Related to medial pterygoid and masseter attached to ramus
• Gland wrap around the tempero mandibular joint capsule

12. • Irregular convex anterior border
• Anterior border goes above and below masseter

13. • Facial nerve and parotid duct emerge from this surface they run
deep to anterior border

14. • Branches of ECA such as superficial temporal artery and maxillary
artery leave this surface further back

15. Posteromedial surface
• Contact with
• Mastoid process with sternocleidomastoid
• Styloid process with stylohyoid, styloglossus and stylopharyngeus – these
muscles separate the gland from carotid sheath

16. Structures related
1. External carotid artery – enter through lower part

17. 2. Facial nerve trunks or divisions – superficial to retromandibular vein

18. • Retromandibular vein – through lower part or pole

19. • Lymph nodes lie on this surface or within the gland

20. Parotid duct (of stensen)
• 5 cm long
• Pass across masseter
• Turn around its anterior border
• Pass through buccal fat
• Pierce buccinator
• Run within the submucosa to the
orifice against 2nd upper molar teeth
• Compression of submucosal duct against
buccinator prevent inflation of gland
when intra oral pressure raises

21. Surface marking

22. Accessory salivary gland
• On aponeurotic part of masseter
• Between duct and zygomatic arch

23. • Blood supply
• ECA
• Retromandibular vein
• Preauricular lymph node
• Drains into deep cervical lymph node

24. • Nerve supply
1. Secretomotor – pre ganglionic fibers – inferior salivatory nucleus
ganglion – otic ganglion
post ganglionic fibers – auriculo-temporal nerve
2. Vasocontrictors – sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion

25. Clinical
• Common neoplasm - pleomorphic ademona
• Facial nerve may be compressed
• Malignancy
• Can invade facial nerve
• Parotid sialogram
• To visualize the parotid duct

26. Thank you……..