BOX SIFTING SYSTEM

1. Final Year Project
“THOMSON MECHANISM”
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY DEGREE IN
(Mechanical Engineering)
Submitted by:
SHUBHAM KUMAR (130430104075)
SHUBHAM TOMAR (130430104115)
SUMIT KUMAR (130430104113)
AKSAHY KUMAR (130430104066)
VINEET KUMAR (130430104082)
Under the Supervision of
ER. VIKAS KUMAR
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Department of Mechanical Engineering
QUANTUM SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE
(Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun)
2013-17

2. Final Year Project
“THOMSON MECHANISM”
SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY DEGREE IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by:
SHUBHAM KUMAR (130430104075)
SHUBHAM TOMAR (130430104115)
SUMIT KUMAR (130430104113)
AKSAHY KUMAR (130430104066)
VINEET KUMAR (130430104082)
Under the Supervision of
Er. VIKAS KUMAR
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Department of Mechanical Engineering
QUANTUM SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE
(Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun)
2013-17

3. DECLARATION
We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the project entitled “THOMSON
MECHANISM” by “SHUBHAM KUMAR , SUMIT KUMAR , AKASHY TYAGI , SHUBHAM
TOMAR , VINEET KUMAR ” in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of degree of B. Tech.
(Mechanical Engineering) submitted in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at QUANTUM SCHOOL
OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE affiliated to UTTRAKHAND TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
DEHRADUN is carried out during a period from JAN, 2016 to MAY, 2017 under the supervision of Er.
VIKAH KUMAR. The matter presented in this project has not been submitted by us in any other University
/ Institute for the award of B. Tech. Degree.
NAME OF CANDIDATES Candidates’ Signatures
1. SHUBHAM KUMAR ……………………………….
2. SUMIT KUMAR . ……………………………...
3. AKASHY TYAGI ……………………………….
4. SHUBHAM TOMAR ……………………………….
5. VINEET KUMAR ……………………………….
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge.
(ER. VIKAS KUMAR)
GUIDE

4. ABSTRACT
Project report espouses the humble efforts of team which is more inspired than
equipped. It covers the design aspects of “Box Shifting Mechanism”. Box Shifting
Mechanism is a small project for shifting of the boxes for the industrial purpose, used
mainly in the packaging and filling department. A great many manufacturers of fancy
wrapped or covered cardboard boxes used for packaging candies, cakes, and other
confections, cosmetics and other articles are equipped with the so called quad staying
machines by means of which a box blank is folded or set-up into boxlike form. These
set-up boxes are transferred by means of a conveyor to an operator, who picks up the
boxes and places and centres them on wrappers with which the boxes are to be
covered.

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Words are inadequate and out of place at times particularly in the context of expressing sincere feelings in
the contribution of this work, is no more than a mere ritual. It is our privilege to acknowledge with respect &
gratitude, the keen valuable and ever-available guidance rendered to us by ER. VIKAS KUMAR, without
the wise counsel and able guidance, it would have been impossible to complete the project in this manner.
We shall always be highly grateful to Dr.Gulshan Chauhan, Director, Quantum School of Technology,
Roorkee, for providing this opportunity to carry out the present work. The constant guidance and
encouragement received from Dr. V.K.Goel, Professor & Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering
and Er.M.Kannan Senior Assistant Professor & Coordinator Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering
Department has been of great help in carrying out the present work is acknowledged with reverential thanks.
We express gratitude to other faculty members of Mechanical Engineering Department, Quantum School of
Technology, Roorkee, for their intellectual support throughout the course of this work.
Finally, we are indebted to our family and for their ever available help in accomplishing this task
successfully.
Above all we are thankful to the almighty god for giving strength to carry out the present work.
Name of Candidates
1. SHUBHAM KUMAR
2. SUMIT KUMAR
3. AKASHY TYAGI
4. SHUBHAM TOMAR
5. VINEET KUMAR

6. CONTENTS
Declaration i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
Contents iv
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
Nomenclature vii
Page No.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 AIM 5
1.3 OBJECTIVE 5
CHAPTER 2: LINKAGE MECHANISM 6
2.2 SIMPLE PLANAR LINKAGES ........................................................................................ 7
2.3 CRANK-ROCKER MECHANISM ................................................................................... 9
2.4 FUNCTIONS OF LINKAGES ......................................................................................... 10
2.5 FOUR LINK MECHANISMS .......................................................................................... 11
2.6 CLASSIFICATION .......................................................................................................... 15
2.7 TRANSMISSION ANGLE .............................................................................................. 17
2.8 ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL AND DIMENSIONS ..................................................................... 22
3.2 TOOLS ............................................................................................................................. 26
3.3 PROCEDURE .................................................................................................................. 29

7. CHAPTER 4 LOGIC .............................................................................................................. 32
4.2 FUTURE WORK ............................................................................................................. 32
CHAPTER5 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 37
REFRENCES .................................................................................... ................................... 38
APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................. 39

8. LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Box transport mechanism ................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2 Functions of four basic planar linkage mechanisms ........................................................... 7
Figure 3 Crank rocker mechanism .................................................................................................... 9
Figure 4 Four bar linkage ................................................................................................................. 11
Figure 5 Crank rocker ...................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 6 Walking Beam .................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 7 Transmission angle ............................................................................................................. 17
Figure 8 Mechanism .......................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 9 Base structure ...................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 10 Transporting link & Connecting rod ................................................................................. 23
Figure 11 Couplers ........................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 12 Crank and Rocker ............................................................................................................. 25

9. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
There has been a serious demand for intermittent movement of packages in the industries right from
the start. Though the continuous movement is more or less important in the same field the sporadic motion has
become essential. The objective of our project is to produce a mechanism that delivers this stop and move
motion using mechanical linkages. The advantage of our system over the conveyor system is that the system
has a time delay between moving packages and this delay can be used to introduce any alterations in the
package or move the package for any other purpose and likewise. While in conveyor system such actions
cannot be performed unless programmed module is used to produce intermittent stopping of the belt which
basically is costly. The prototype design requires electric motor, shafts and the frame of which the frame and
platform on which the packages are moved is fabricated. All the links are being made of Wood which reduces
the weight of the whole system including the head which has a direct contact with the boxes being moved. The
system is expected to move as heavy packages as 1 - 3kgs approximately
This invention relates to improvements in transfer and conveying devices, and it relates particularly to devices
for transferring set-up cardboard boxes from a box folding or forming machine to the operator of a semi-
automatic box wrapping machine. A great many manufacturers of fancy wrapped or covered cardboard boxes
used for packaging candies, cakes, and other confections, cosmetics and other articles are equipped with the
so called quad staying machines by means of which a box blank is folded or set-up into boxlike form. These
set-up boxes are transferred by means of a conveyor to an operator, who picks up the boxes and places and
centres them on wrappers with which the boxes are to be covered. The boxes and wrappers are then conveyed
to a box wrapping machine where the wrapper is folded around and glued to the box. Usually, the operation
of the wrapping machine is controlled by means of a switch actuated by the box forming machine so that their
operating speeds are related to each other.

10. Fully automatic machines are available for both setting up the boxes, placing them on the wrappers and feeding
the assembly to the wrapping machine. In many instances, however, the cost of replacement of the semi-
automatic machines with fully automatic machines, is so great that it cannot be justified by the increased rate
of production possible with automatic machines.
The principal difference in the rate of operation of the fully automatic machines and the semi-automatic
machines resides in the human factor, namely, the operator or feeder of the semiautomatic wrapping machine.
Considerable manual dexterity and skill are required to pick up the boxes and centre them accurately on the
wrappers as they move past the operator's station. The movements of the operator are further dependent upon
the position of the setup boxes with respect to the operator. With the usual conveyor arrangement, it is
necessary for the operator to reach across the conveyor which feeds the wrapping machine and pick up a box
from the conveyor leading from the quad.
The operator must reach across the conveyor to pick up the boxes, the speed of the operator is decreased.
Moreover, the constant reaching and stretching for the boxes is very tiring so that the operator can Work for
only a relatively short period of time. This requires the service of another operator or shutting down of the
machines.
We have found that when. The set-up boxes are. Four points into a position which is closer to the operator and
more conveniently located with respect to the conveyor for feeding the wrapping machine, the efficiency of
the operator is greatly increased, the work is made less tiresome and the output of wrapped boxes can be
increased to such an extent that it is closely, comparable to that of the fully automatic machines.
The present invention, therefore, has as its principal object the provision of a device which can be used with
box forming and semi-automatic wrapping machines to transfer the set-up boxes from the conveyor of the
box-forming machine into a position which enables the operator to, pick up and place the boxes on the
wrappers with a minimum of reaching and resulting fatigue.

11. Other objects of the invention, and the advantages thereof, will become apparent from the following
description of a typical device embodying the present invention.
In accordance with the present invention, I have provided an articlecontrolled transfer mechanism, by means
of which the boxes being advanced by the conveyor of the box-forming machine, are transferred into a position
in front of the operator of the wrapping machine and closely adjacent to the wrappers carried by the feed
conveyor of the wrapping machine so that the operator can pick up the boxes and transfer them directly to the
wrapper with a minimum of reaching and other movements.
More particularly, the transfer mechanism includes a pusher member controlled by means of an electric eye
which pushes the set-up boxes from the conveyor from the box-forming machine on to a table or platform to
form an advancing row of boxes, the nearest one being directly in front of the operator so that it can be picked
up by the operator and transferred to the conveyor of the wrapping machine.
Moreover, the transfer mechanism can be controlled independently by the operator to render it ineffective
when a damaged or improperly formed box is discharged from the box former or toby-pass and accumulate
boxes when the wrapping machine is shut down for reloading, adjustment or the like.
My transfer mechanism has been found to increase greatly the rate of production of the wrapped boxes so that
the production rate is comparable to that of a fully automatic machine, while, at the same time, it is
considerably less tiring to the operator.

12. Fig1. Box Transport Mechanism
The walking beam (in blue) pushes articles (in red) forward, and the material is left stationary in the return
stroke of the walking beam until the next cycle. The mechanism is for moving articles with intermittent
advancement. The eight-bar mechanism allows moving more than one article, as compared to a four bar
walking beam.

13. 1.3 OBJECTIVE
 Fabricate a Box transport mechanism which can move things from one place to another Understand
project planning and execution.
 Understand the fabrication techniques in a mechanical workshop.
 Understand the usage of various mechanical machine tools and also measuring tools.
 The aim of this project is to fabricate the box moving mechanism, which can make easier to move
boxes from one section to the other while processing in the factories.
 In a workstation, an assembly line in order to obtain the required production rate and to achieve a
minimum amount of idle time.

14. CHAPTER 2
LINKAGE MECHANISM
2.1 LINKAGE MECHANISM
A linkage is a mechanism formed by connecting two or more levers together. Linkages can be
designed to change the direction of a force or make two or more objects move at the same time. Many different
fasteners are used to connect linkages together yet allow them to move freely such as pins, end-threaded bolts
with nuts, and loosely fitted rivets. There are two general classes of linkages: simple planar linkages and more
complex specialized linkages; both are capable of performing tasks such as describing straight lines or curves
and executing motions at differing speeds. The names of the linkage mechanisms given here are widely but
not universally accepted in all textbooks and references.
Linkages can be classified according to their primary functions:

15. 2.2 SIMPLE PLANAR LINKAGES
Four different simple planar linkages shown in Fig. 8 are identified by function:
 Reverse-motion linkage:
Fig. 2a, can make objects or force move in opposite directions; this can be done by using the input
link as a lever. If the fixed pivot is equidistant from the moving pivots, output link movement will equal input
link movement, but it will act in the opposite direction. However, if the fixed pivot is not centered output link
movement will not equal input link movement. By selecting the position of the fixed pivot, the linkage can be
designed to produce specific mechanical advantages. This linkage can also be rotated through 360°. Push-pull
linkage:
Fig. 2b, can make the objects or force move in the same direction; the output link moves in the same
direction as the input link. Technically classed as a four-bar linkage, it can be rotated through 360° without
changing its function.
Figure 2 Functions of four basic planar linkage mechanisms

16.  Parallel-motion linkage:
Fig. 2c, can make objects or forces move in the same direction, but at a set distance apart. The
moving and fixed pivots on the opposing links in the parallelogram must be equidistant for this linkage to
work correctly. Technically classed as a four-bar linkage, this linkage can also be rotated through 360° without
changing its function. Pantographs that obtain power for electric trains from overhead cables are based on
parallel-motion linkage. Drawing pantographs that permit original drawings to be manually copied without
tracing or photocopying are also adaptations of this linkage; in its simplest form it can also keep tool trays in
a horizontal position when the toolbox covers are opened.
 Bell-crank linkage:
Fig. 2d, can change the direction of objects or force by 90°. This linkage rang doorbells before electric
clappers were invented. More recently this mechanism has been adapted for bicycle brakes. This was done by
pinning two bell cranks bent 90° in opposite directions together to form tongs. By squeezing the two handlebar
levers linked to the input ends of each crank, the output ends will move together. Rubber blocks on the output
ends of each crank press against the wheel rim, stopping the bicycle. If the pins which form a fixed pivot are
at the midpoints of the cranks, link movement will be equal. However, if those distances vary, mechanical
advantage can be gained.

17. 2.3 CRANK-ROCKER MECHANISM FOR BOX TRANSPORT MECHANISM
The four bar linkage is the simplest and often times, the most useful mechanism. As we mentioned
before, a mechanism composed of rigid bodies and lower pairs is called a linkage. In planar mechanisms, there
are only two kinds of lower pairs --- revolute pairs and prismatic pairs.
The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four bar linkage which has four members, three moving links,
one fixed link and four pin joints. A linkage that has at least one fixed link is a mechanism.
Figure 3 Crank rocker mechanism
This mechanism has four moving links. Two of the links are pinned to the frame which is not shown in
this picture. In Sims Design, links can be nailed to the background thereby making them into the frame.
How many DOF does this mechanism have? If we want it to have just one, we can impose one constraint
on the linkage and it will have a definite motion. The four bar linkage is the simplest and the most useful
mechanism.
Reminder: A mechanism is composed of rigid bodies and lower pairs called linkages. In planar mechanisms
there are only two kinds of lower pairs: turning pairs and prismatic pairs.

18. 2.4 FUNCTIONS OF LINKAGES
The function of a link mechanism is to produce rotating, oscillating, or reciprocating motion from the
rotation of a crank or vice versa. Stated more specifically linkages may be used to convert:
1. Continuous rotation into continuous rotation, with a constant or variable angular velocity ratio.
2. Continuous rotation into oscillation or reciprocation (or the reverse), with a constant or variable
velocity ratio.
3. Oscillation into oscillation, or reciprocation into reciprocation, with a constant or variable velocity
ratio.
Linkages have many different functions, which can be classified according on the primary goal of the
mechanism:
 Function generation: the relative motion between the links connected to the frame,
 Path generation: the path of a tracer point, or
 Motion generation: the motion of the coupler link.

19. 2.5 FOUR LINK MECHANISMS
One of the simplest examples of a constrained linkage is the four-link mechanism. A variety of useful
mechanisms can be formed from a four-link mechanism through slight variations, such as changing the
character of the pairs, proportions of links, etc. Furthermore, many complex link mechanisms are combinations
of two or more such mechanisms. The majority of four-link mechanisms fall into one of the following two
classes:
1. The four-bar linkage mechanism, and
2. The slider-crank mechanism.
Definitions:
In the range of planar mechanisms, the simplest group of lower pair mechanisms are four bar linkages.
A four bar linkage comprises four bar-shaped links and four turning pairs as shown in figure 4.
Figure 4 Four bar linkage

20. The link opposite the frame is called the coupler link, and the links which are hinged to the frame are called
side links. A link which is free to rotate through 360.degree with respect to a second link will be said to revolve
relative to the second link (not necessarily a frame). If it is possible for all four bars to become simultaneously
aligned, such a state is called a change point.
Some important concepts in link mechanisms are:
1. Crank: A side link which revolves relative to the frame is called a crank.
2. Rocker: A side link which does not revolve is called a rocker.
3. Coupler: The link which connect the crank and rocker are called as coupler.
4. Crank-Rocker mechanism: In a four bar linkage if one of the side link revolve and other side link
oscillate then the mechanism known as Crank-Rocker Mechanism where shortest link is the input link
(crank). (fig 4-a)
5. Rocker-Crank Mechanism: if the shortest link is the output link (follower) then the mechanism known
as Rocker-Crank Mechanism.
6. Double-Crank mechanism: In a four bar linkage, if both of the side links revolve, it is
known as Double-Crank Mechanism where the shortest link is the ground link (frame).
7. Double-Rocker mechanism: In a four bar linkage, if both of the side links rock, it is

21. Fig 4-a fig 4-b fig 4-c
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
Crank-Rocker Mechanism: A 4-bar linkage mechanism has a crank that rotates at a constant angular
speed. The crank is connected to the coupler which is connected to the rocker. The frame does not
move.

22. Fig 5 crank rocker
Straight-Line Walking Beam Eight-bar Transport Mechanism:
Fig 6 Walking Beam

23. Info: The walking beam (in blue) pushes articles (in pink) forward, and the material is left stationary
in the return stroke of the walking beam until the next cycle. The mechanism is for moving articles
with intermittent advancement. The eight-bar mechanism allows moving more than one article, as
compared to four bar walking beam.
Source: This Working Model file is adapted from Figure P3.7 on p.150 in Design of Machinery, 3rd
ed. by Norton, R.L., McGraw-Hill, 2004.
Credits: This Working Model file was first developed by Jie (Jeff) Yang.

24. 2.6 CLASSIFICATION
Before classifying four-bar linkages, we need to introduce some basic nomenclature.
In a four-bar linkage, we refer to the line segment between hinges on a given link as a bar where:
s = length of shortest bar
l = length of longest bar
p, q = lengths of intermediate bar
Grashof's theorem states that a four-bar mechanism has at least one revolving link if
s + l < = p + q
(5-1)
And all three mobile links will rock if
s + l > p + q
(5-2)
The inequality 5-1 is Grashof’s criterion.

25. four-bar mechanisms fall into one of the four categories listed in Table 5-1:
Case (l + s varies p + q) Shortest Bar Type
1 < Frame Double-crank
2 < Side Rocker-crank
3 < Coupler Double rocker
4 = Any Change point
5 > Any Double-rocker
Table 1 Classification of Four-Bar Mechanisms
From Table 1 we can see that for a mechanism to have a crank, the sum of the length of its shortest and
longest links must be less than or equal to the sum of the length of the other two links. However, this condition
is necessary but not sufficient. Mechanisms satisfying this condition fall into the following three categories:

26. 1. When the shortest link is a side link, the mechanism is a crank-rocker mechanism. The shortest link is
the crank in the mechanism.
2. When the shortest link is the frame of the mechanism, the mechanism is a double-crank mechanism.
3. When the shortest link is the coupler link, the mechanism is a double-rocker mechanism.

27. 2.7 TRANSMISSION ANGLE
In Figure 7, if AB is the input link, the force applied to the output link, CD, is transmitted through the coupler
link BC. (That is, pushing on the link CD imposes a force on the link AB, which is transmitted through the
link BC.) For sufficiently slow motions (negligible inertia forces), the force in the coupler link is pure tension
or compression (negligible bending action) and is directed along BC. For a given force in the coupler link, the
torque transmitted to the output bar (about point D) is maximum when the angle between coupler bar BC
and output bar CD is /2. Therefore, angle BCD is called transmission angle.
(5-3)
Figure
Fig7. Transmission angle
When the transmission angle deviates significantly from /2, the torque on the output bar decreases
and may not be sufficient to overcome the friction in the system. For this reason, the deviation angle =| /2- |
should not be too great. In practice, there is no definite upper limit for , because the existence of the inertia
forces may eliminate the undesirable force relationships that is present under static conditions.

28. 2.8 ANALYSIS
FOR A GIVEN DISPLACEMENT DETERMINE THE RADIUS OF CRANK
Fig 8 mechanism
In the given fig value of d is the predetermined value and we have to determine the crank radius r for
a given radius value of rocker R
Let the oscillation of rocker is Q degree at point B From the triangle
ABC
d = 2 AC d = 2 R Sin (Q/2) ………1

29. Q/2 = Sin-1
(d/2R)
Q = 2 Sin-1
(d/2R)
From Crank and Rocker motion
2 r = R*Q*3.14321/180
On putting the value of Q from equation 1, we get
r = (R*3.14321/180)* Sin-1
(d/2R)
Example: Calculate the dimension (radius) of crank for displacement of 215 mm at the rocker radius of 250
mm.
Solution:
Given that:
R = 250 & d = 215
Put the value of R & d in equation 3
r = (250*3.14321/180) * Sin-1
(215/2*250)
r = 111.18 Ans.
DETERMINING DEGREE OF FREEDOM:
The minimum number of independent variables required to define the position and motion of the
system is known as degree of freedom of the system.

30. OR
Degree of freedom is the number of input required to get constrained output in a chain.
F = 3(L - 1) - 2J - H
Where
F = degree of freedom
L = no of links
J = no of binary joint
H = no of higher pair
Hence,
F = 3(8 - 1) - 2*10 - 0
F = 1

31. CHAPTER 3
MATERIAL AND DIMENSION
3.1 MATERIAL AND DIMENSIONS
All the links are made up of MDF sheet and structure made up of Iron block.
The dimension of the different links is as bellow:
Fig 9 Base structure

32. Figure 11 Couplers Figure 12 Crank & Rocker

33. 3.2 TOOLS
Iron plate Iron plate cutter
Welding machine Lathe Machine

34. Drill machine Electric motor
Iron angles

35. Steel file tool measuring tape
Vices Cutting shearing pliers

36. 3.3 PROCEDURE
1. First of all We have prepared the drawing for the machine transporter machine.
2. Then we make the measurement for the bed of the box transport machine.
3. We took the Iron block and cut them in the given measurements using the cutting machine.
4. Then we took that pieces and fitting them in the prepared shaped drawing.
5. After making the fit of Iron block bed for the machine was ready.
6. Then we took the MDF sheet plate and then taking the measurement of box transport machine we cut
the pieces in the given length.
7. After cutting the plate in the given size we put a shaft in the lathe machine for giving it the shape of
shaft.
8. After preparing the shaft, hanger and crank we take it over the drill machine to make the holes in them
as the given dimension in the drawing.
9. After this we had prepared the shaft which is going move the boxes to the next level with using it edges
on the top of it. We cut the MDF sheet plate in the given dimensions and then edges also, after cutting
we make the fitting to attach these edges with the plate on the given distance dimensions.
10. Now all of the things for the machine are prepared.
11. On this step we took the electric motor and fix that on the bed of the machine on the given place.

37. 12. After fixing the motor we fixed the crank with it from one side and other side was attached to the shaft
1.
13. Then we took the hanger link and attach it with the shaft 1, while the other edge of the hanger link is
attached to the shaft 2.
14. Then both of the shafts were attached to the transporting shaft.
15. Two other hanger links was also attached to the shafts.
16. Other two hanger link and transporting shaft was attached to the top of the bed in the bearing gear.
17. Out box transporting machine is ready now.
18. We give the current to the electric motor and put the boxes on the top of the machine for testing it.
19. It was working well and boxes are moving to the next level.

38. CHAPTER 4
LOGIC
4.1 LOGIC
The Box transporting machine is a new skill that we have learned to make a Box transporting machine. At the
same time, we learn to use a right tools and materials when doing work at Box transporting machine. Box
transporting machine is also giving us more skills and preparation when we work outside later. When we see
a result from the work that we have done together, we are very grateful when we have finish our work in a
sharp time that have given by our lecturer.
The talent that our lecturer have given to us is bring us to a new experience about Box transporting
machine. These practical also give us advantage when we work together with our team and we also can learn
many information through share knowledge together.
4.2 FUTURE WORK
APPLICATION:
Transferring the boxes from one place to another for the requirement of worker within the industry.
Heavy tools easily transport to one work station to another work station.
Creating a balance line in the assembly line.

39. What is assembly-line balancing?
To a workstation within an assembly line in order to meet the required production rate and to achieve a
minimum amount of idle time.
Line balancing is the procedure in which tasks along assigning each task the assembly line are assigned
to work station so each has approximately same amount of work.
Steps FOR Balancing an Assembly Line:
1. List the sequential relationships among tasks and then draw a precedence diagram.
2. Calculate the required workstation cycle time.
3. Calculate the theoretical minimum number of workstations.
4. Choose a primary rule that will determine how tasks are to be assigned to workstations.
5. Beginning with the first workstation, assign each task, one at a time, until the sum of the task times is
equal to the workstation cycle time or until no other tasks can be assigned due to sequence or time
restrictions.
6. Repeat step 5 for the remaining workstations until all the tasks have been assigned to a workstation.
7. Evaluate the efficiency of the line balance.
8. Rebalance if necessary.

40. Unbalanced Line and its Effect:
 High work load in some stages (Overburden).
 Maximizes wastes (over-processing, inventory, waiting, rework, transportation, motion).
 High variation in output.
 Restrict one-piece flow.
 Maximizes idle time.
 Poor efficiency.

41. Balanced Line and its Effect:
 Promotes one-piece flow.
 Avoids excessive work load in some stages (overburden).
 Minimizes wastes (over-processing, inventory, waiting, rework, transportation, motion).
 Reduces variation.
 Increased Efficiency.
 Minimizes idle time.
How Can Balancing line help in Organization?
 Time Saving.
 Money Saving (Time Is Money, make changes in virtual world).
 Simplifies complex assembly line balancing problems.
 Increased efficiency.
 Increased productivity.
 Potential increase in profits and decrease in costs.

42. CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
In this project, we learn about how to prepare the Box transporting machine. Other than that we also
have been teach by our lecturer how to use the lathe machine. Besides that, our teacher always remains us to
stay alert in safety while doing a work before and after finish the practice. Conclusion is, we want to thanks to
lecturer and my friend during learning of Box transporting machine. However, these practical we will never
ever forget because these talents are bring us to learn new things in our studying at this college.

43. REFRENCES
Source: This Working Model file is adapted from Figure P3.7 on p.150 in Design of Machinery, 3rd ed.
by Norton, R.L., McGraw-Hill, 2004.
Credits: This Working Model file was first developed by Jie (Jeff) Yang.
 http://www.mekanizmalar.com/transport01.html
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDLof06nBjU
 http://seminarprojects.com/s/box-transport-mechanism
 http://projectseminars.org/report-box-transport-mechanism-project-report-in-pdf