Novel Therapies In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with drug under clinical trials. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the greatest health crises of our time, and the number of people with T2DM is projected to increase by >50% globally by 2045. • Despite our extensive armamentarium of current drug treatments for T2DM, >7,000 trials are registered around the world, many looking at ‘novel’ drug targets. • Mechanisms of action for novel drugs in the pipeline for T2DM include directly targeting β-cells, targeting the incretin axis, directly or indirectly affecting glucose metabolism in the liver, and increasing insulin sensitivity. • In our judgement, compounds with the most promise include dual-acting and triple-acting incretin mimetics owing to their glucose-lowering capacity, non-glycaemic benefits and safety. • The bar has been raised for novel therapies under development for T2DM; new therapies are now expected to prevent cardiovascular and renal complications independent of and in addition to their ability to decrease the plasma concentrations of glucose

2. PRACTICE SCHOOL (BP706PS)
B. Pharm Final Year (SEM VII)
Novel Drug Delivery
System
Novel Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus

3. A Review Article By:
Presented by- Shubham Mane
Final Year B.pharmacy
(195281182301)
Guided By:
prof. Vaishali Bhamare

4. Diabetes mellitus is taken from the Greek word diabetes, meaning siphon - to
pass through and the Latin word mellitus meaning sweet.
A review of the history shows that the term "diabetes" was first used by Apollonius of
Memphis around 250 to 300 BC.
It is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level
(hyperglycemia) over a prolonged period of time.
In 1980, the first human insulin was manufactured by Graham Bell.22 In 1982, the first
biosynthetic insulin (humulin) was developed

5. 3 in 10 adults has diabetes
1 in 2 adults
with diabetes is
undiagnosed
Source: International Diabetes 2019 WHO

6. • To keep blood glucose levels as close to
normal as safely possible
• Increase risk for heart disease and peripheral
artery disease
• Measures to control blood pressure and
cholesterol levels
• keeping weight and stress under control

7. • Currently, 10 classes of drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration
for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Drugs in development for type 2 diabetes mellitus must show meaningful reductions in
glycaemic parameters(glycaemic index) as well as cardiovascular safety.
• Modern type 2 diabetes mellitus therapeutics have shown a reduced risk of
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure and chronic kidney
disease.

8. • Include directly targeting β-cells.
• Targeting the incretin axis.
• Directly or indirectly affecting glucose metabolism
in the liver.
• Increasing the insulin sensitivity.

9. • Include dual-acting and triple-acting incretin
mimetics owing to their glucose-lowering capacity,
non-glycaemic benefits and safety.
• New therapies are able to prevent cardiovascular and
renal complications independent of and in addition to
their ability to decrease the plasma concentrations of
glucose.

10. • Drugs that stimulate insulin secretion directly from
β-cells.
• Drugs that utilize the incretin axis.
• Drugs that directly or indirectly decrease hepatic
glucose production or increase hepatic glucose
uptake.
• Drugs that improve insulin sensitivity.

12. Β

16. β
• Insulin deficiency is a defining feature of type 2
diabetes mellitus.
• GKAs are a novel therapy that directly targets β-cells, with at
least 11 drugs under development.
• One in phase III, four in phase II and six in phase I clinical
trials.

17. • GKAs are a novel therapy that directly targets β-cells, with at
least 11 drugs under development.
• One in phase III, four in phase II and six in phase I clinical
trials.
• Glucokinase, which facilitates the phosphorylation of glucose to
glucose-6- phosphate, functions as the ‘glucose sensor’ of the
body, maintaining plasma concentrations of glucose within
anarrow range (4–6nM).

18. • GPCR40 (also known as free fatty acid receptor 1; FFAR1)
• Agonists of GPCR40 act in the β-cell to induce free fatty acid
(FFA)-stimulated insulin secretion.
• Two agents have advanced into phase II trials.
• These compounds act as cooperative, allosteric modulators of
GPCR40 that rely on the ample circulataing levels of FFAs to
potentiate glucose-dependent insulin secretion.
• Fasiglifam showed glucose-lowering properties in phase II
clinical trials.

19. Oxyntomodulin analogue

20. RANG DALE'S Pharmacology, H. P. Rang,
M. Dale, J. M. Ritter, R. J. Flower G.
Henderson, Elsevier publication.
PubMed:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Us National institute of Health Clinical Trials Database:
www.clinicaltrials.go