This document summarizes the risks from municipal solid waste and proposes a management policy. It identifies many health hazards from solid waste including infectious diseases, cancers, and respiratory illnesses. A conceptual model is presented that analyzes hazards from waste and their potential pathways of exposure. The document proposes reducing, reusing, recycling, and recovering waste through various methods. It assigns responsibilities to the Tehsil Municipal Administration for waste collection, transport, and disposal. An environmental policy is outlined to manage solid waste in an eco-friendly manner and implement an effective date of May 1st, 2013.

1. Environmental risk assessment & management of
municipal solidwaste & policy making
Solidwaste:
This includes glass, plastic, paper, cloth, fabrics, food & kitchen waste, paints, sludge,
garbage, electrical & electronic waste, bottles, cans, dirt, metals(batteries) and
chemicals(expired medicines), shoe polish, tetrapacks & packaging material, light
bulbs, flourescent bulbs, silt and other construction material, shopping bags and spray
cans.
Risk assessment:
This includes asessment of risks on both human health & environment as well as its
management.
Identification of hazards & conceptual model:
Identified
hazards
Risk
characterization
Conceptual model Anaylsis plan
Skin infections
biological
low Through dermal contact
microbial infections
Skin & infectious agent
analysis
Lung irritation
(chemical)
low Inhalation of irritants, dust
particles
Dust composition & irritants
testing
Eye irritation
biological
low Toxic fumes by burning Composition of burned
material
Malaria
biological
low Blood infected by Mosquito Blood test
Typhoid
biological
low Pathogens Blood sample
Flu & fever
biological
low Pathogens Blood sample
Hepatitis
biological
medium Drinking contaminated water
carrying excreta, blood
contact,infected instruments
Blood sample & water
sample
Yellow fever
biological
low Mosquito transmit disease Blood sample
Cholera
biological
low Flies contaminate food &
through eating such food
Blood sample
Dysentry
(biological)
medium Drinking contaminated water Water sample

2. Plague
biological
low Bacteria flourish on solid
waste & transmit by cats &
dogs
Food testing
Cancer
chemical
medium Deposition of heavy metals Fat testing, blood & skin
samples
Gastrointestinal
problems
biological
low Bacteria enter into body
through drinking
contaminated water
Water sample
Groundwater
cotamination
(biological +
chemical)
high Leechate percolates &
contaminate groundwater
supply
Composition of plastic,fibre
& batteries
Foul smelling
(physical)
low Inhalation Air testing
Air pollution
(chemical)
medium Particulate matter,toxic
chemicals enter into air
Airing test
Methane
(explosion)
(chemical)
medium Bacterial activity through
decomposition of green
waste
produce methane
Solidwaste testing
Bronchitis
(chemical)
low Inhalation Analysis of solidwaste
Waste burning
(chemical)
low Produces very toxic fumes Solidwaste testing
Roles & responsibilities:
Hazard Risk
characterization
Recommendation Responsibilities
Solidwaste
Timeline
Medium
inprocess
Seggregation of
solidwaste(3R or 4r)
dispose solidwaste
ecofriendly
TMA'S
administration
(collection,
transportation,
disposal)
Legislation implemented:
1. No NEQ'S limit for solidwaste
2. Draft Hazardous Substances Rules of 1999
3. Provisions contained in the Local Government Ordinance, 2001
4. Section 132 of the Cantonment Act 1924 deals with Deposits and disposal of
rubbish

3. 5. Section 11 of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 prohibits
discharge of waste
Proposal for management:
Install Waste Disposal Facilities
• By installing dustbins at roadside which collect solidwaste
• Seggregation of waste
• 3R practice (reduce,reuse 7 recycle) and 4R (reduce,reuse,recycle & recovery)
• Food watse can be composited and used as a natural fertilizer for soil
• solidwaste can be dumped at proposed sites by making landfills
Reduce
Choose products with minimum packaging and instead of accepting plastic bags
when shopping, use cloth bags.
Re-use
Items, which can be re-used, include glass jars and bottles, and plastic bags.
Recycle
Paper can be re-pulped and reprocessed into recycled paper, cardboard and other
paper products. In the same way glass, fibre & metals can be recycled.
Recovery
Waste material can be incinerated to get energy.

4. POLICY OF SOLIDWASTE
Scope & purpose:
The purpose of this risk assessment & management is to aware residents about
potentential solidwaste & its consequences. This assessment is carried out within
residential colony. As well as improve their knowledge about hazardous impacts
of solidwaste.
Policy statement:
My objective is to manage the solidwaste eco friendly. For this responsibilities are
assigned to Tehsil Municipal Administration(TMA). TMA workers are
responsible for collection, transportation & disposal of solidwaste.
Effective date:
This policy will be implemented by 1st
May 2013.
Background:
NEQ'S: National Environmental quality standards
Document control:
version Prepared by Approval Date Status
001 Shumail sajid Local
Government
01/01/13 Approved

5. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

6. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES