This document discusses gender sensitization and the role of women in Pakistani society. It begins by defining key terms like gender, sex, and transgender. It describes traditional gender roles and stereotypes. It then discusses the role and status of women in Pakistani culture, noting that while Islam granted women rights, tribal traditions and social backwardness have restricted women's access to education and empowerment. It concludes by outlining factors that could enhance women's status, such as education, skills training, economic opportunities, and raising awareness of women's rights.

1. GENDER SENSITISATION AND ROLE OF WOMEN
by
Lecturer: Sehrish Naz
Lecturer: Shahla arshad
Rn, post rn, msn
Institute of nursing sciences, khyber medical university
Subject
Culture Health and Socity
UNIT : 06 A

2. Objectives
At the end of the unit learners will be able to:
 Describe gender as a sociological construct
 Analyze personal and cultural perceptions towards
the sexes
 Discuss societal perceptions and status regarding
men and women
 Discuss the role and status of women in Pakistani
society
 Evaluate societal attitudes towards factors enhancing
women’s status

3. GENDER

4. GENDER SENSITISATION
Definition
Gender sensitisation refers to the modification of behavior by raising
awareness of gender equality concerns. It is interlinked with gender
empowerment.

5. Difference B/w Gender & Sex
Gender
The social and cultural significance we attach to those
presumed biological differences Refers to what we become as
men and women, which occurs through socialization
Sex
Biological differences between males and females
Refers to who we are as males and females

6. Transgender
 Transgender is an umbrella term for persons whose gender identity,
gender expression or behavior does not conform to that typically
associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.

7. Gender Related Differences
 Differences does not mean deficiencies
 Three main areas of gender differences
 Cognitive
 Personality
 Physical

8. Cognitive sex difference:
 Girls superior at verbal abilities during early to middle childhood.
 Boys have greater visual spatial ability beginning around age
10.
Social sex differences
 Boys more aggressive especially physical aggression and direct
verbal assault .
 Boys more into risk taking and sensation seeking as well as
curiosity and exploratory behavior , boys attracted to physically
dangerous occupation.
 Girls more compliant with demands of parents and teachers.
 Girls more fearful of possible personal threats and dangers.

9. Difference In Personality
Females are more extroverted,anxious,trusting,and nurturing.
Males are more assertive,tough-minded,and have higher self-
esteem.
Physical Differences
 Males have longer heavier bones.
 Females have a wider and flatter pelvis.
 Men have higher testosterone levels and so bigger, stronger
muscles.
 Women tend to be more flexible due to a lower muscles mass.

10. Gender Stereotypes
Males: Dominant , Independent , Controlling , assertive
, competitive and manipulating the environment.
Females: Relatively passive , loving , and supportive in
social relationships

11. Emotions:
Women typically have a larger deep limbic system than men, which allows
them to be more in touch with their feelings and better able to express them,
which promotes bonding with others. Because of this ability to connect,
women serve more as caregivers for children.
Pain:
Men and women perceive pain differently. In studies, women require more
morphine than men to reach the same level of pain reduction. Women are
also more likely to vocalize their pain and to seek treatment for their pain
than are men.
Male and Female Abilities

12. Reaction to stress:
Men tend to have a "fight or flight" response to stress situations
while women seem to approach these situations with a "tend and
befriend "strategy.
Brain size:
Typically, men’s brains are 11-12% bigger than women’s brains.
This size difference has absolutely nothing to do with
intelligence, but is explained by the difference in physical size
between men and women. Men need more neurons to control
their greater muscle mass and larger body size.

13. Gender Role
 A gender role is the place you hold in a family,
relationship or society as a whole because
you are male or female.
 The role or behavior learned by a person as
appropriate to their gender, determined by the
established cultural norms.

14. Traditional Gender Roles
 Traditional roles for women are care giving , cooking ,
cleaning etc.
 Male traditional roles are earning for the family.
 The traditional gender roles may vary from culture to
another. There are expectations and roles , which are
expected to be met by the proper gender in certain
cultures , for example , men in a traditional culture are
expected to be able to find work and be the main
sources of income for the household.

15. Changing Gender Roles
 Historically, a man's gender role was the breadwinner, earning
money to support the family through outside work. A woman's
gender role was to care for the family and household, providing
support for the man.
 In the last few decades, the question, "What is a gender role?"
has become harder to answer, as gender roles have grown
increasingly closer together. More breadwinner wives are
providing the majority or all of the household income. And
Dads stay-at-home is an example of a male being able to
nurture and raise children.

16. Role And Status Of Women In Pakistan
Society
 The Ideology of Pakistan is based on Islam. During 1400 year,
Islam is the only religions which granted different rights to
women.
 As a mother, she has the key of haven
 As a daughter blessing of happiness.
 Islam has granted social political and economical rights to
women.
 Women allowed choosing her life partner and her consent is
mandatory for marriage.
 Women can work out of the home under Islamic terms and
condition.
 Many other rights have also been granted such as equality
between men and women, education and domestic rights.

17. The male and female ratio is not in balance in
Pakistan. Male is dominant in all sphere of life.
During the early years of Pakistan, Women were
allowed to work on equality basis. But the social
backwardness of the people restrained them to
liberate women in the environment. Mohtrama
Fatima Jinnah and other female freedom fighters
are clear example. In the government of Ayoub
and Bhutto, Women education was obliged. The
1973 establishment accepted the equality of
women and their rights.

19. Role of women in Pakistan
Pakistan is dominated by the tribal tradition in
Northern areas, Fata, Baluchistan and Sindh. They
don’t honor the women as given by the Islam and ill-
represent the Islamic values. Furthermore, these tribal
mindset people oblige the torture on women. Even in
Urban areas, the status of women is poor Where, the
women restricted to get education. Mostly people
support more to male child in education than female
child. Due to lack of education, women fail to get their
right and they suffer in domestic violence and sexual
harassment cases.

20.  Watta-Satta is the given-take rule
 It has been compulsory to give bulk dowry to newly bride
at the time of marriage.
 An illegal practice by marrying with Quran
 Social crime practiced in Sindh is honor killing of woman.
 The act of acid throwing in Pakistan
 Women kidnapped and sold in other parts of the
country.
 The practices of vani is strongly adopted as punish to
convicted family.

21.  The Government of Pakistan initiated many
developments programs for the women in terms of
education, training, and financial support.
 Other bodies of social life such as NGOs and Human
Rights organization should arrange program for
counseling the people about the status of women and in
social life. They should also highlight the equality of
gender and consent over marriage decision with girl.
 At present, women are enjoying a good status in upper
class. The First Female speaker of national assembly is
explicit example.
 In art and entertainment, Sharmin Obed Chinoy has
received Oscar award for her documentary film “Saving
Face”.

22. Factors Enhancing Women’s Status
We can empower the women through:
 Education
 Skills developing, and training
 Access to quality, respectable paid work
 Deal with unpaid care and work burdens
 Access to property, assets, and financial services
 Awareness regarding their rights
 By social protection.
 Freedom of movement
 Giving decision making power
 Women’s Empowerment is Necessary for Human Progress
 Exposure to media. The Electronic Media can perform an
excellent part