Geostationary satelite

1. GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
PRESENTED BY
PRESENTED BY
WAQAS AHMED
WAQAS AHMED

2. INTRODUCTION OF
INTRODUCTION OF
GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
 A geostationary satellite is any
A geostationary satellite is any
satellite which is placed in a
satellite which is placed in a
geostationary orbit. Satellites in
geostationary orbit. Satellites in
geostationary orbit maintain a
geostationary orbit maintain a
constant position relative to the
constant position relative to the
surface of the earth.
surface of the earth.
 Geostationary satellites do this by
Geostationary satellites do this by
orbiting the earth approximately
orbiting the earth approximately
22,300 miles above the equator. This
22,300 miles above the equator. This
orbital path is called the Clarke Belt,
orbital path is called the Clarke Belt,
in honor of Arthur C. Clarke.
in honor of Arthur C. Clarke.

3. INTRODUCTION CONTINUE
INTRODUCTION CONTINUE
 In other words, if a satellite in a
In other words, if a satellite in a
geostationary orbit is in a certain
geostationary orbit is in a certain
place above the earth, it will stay in
place above the earth, it will stay in
that same spot above the earth. Its
that same spot above the earth. Its
latitude stays at zero and its
latitude stays at zero and its
longitude remains constant.
longitude remains constant.
 Geostationary satellites are
Geostationary satellites are
commonly used for communications
commonly used for communications
and weather-observation.
and weather-observation.

4. INTRODUCTION CONTINUE
INTRODUCTION CONTINUE
 The typical service life expectancy of a
The typical service life expectancy of a
geostationary satellite is ten to fifteen
geostationary satellite is ten to fifteen
years.
years.
 Because geostationary satellites circle the
Because geostationary satellites circle the
earth at the equator, they are not able to
earth at the equator, they are not able to
provide coverage at the Northernmost and
provide coverage at the Northernmost and
Southernmost latitudes.
Southernmost latitudes.
 Geostationary orbits are often referred to
Geostationary orbits are often referred to
as geosynchronous or just GEO.
as geosynchronous or just GEO.
 A geo-stationary orbit is also
A geo-stationary orbit is also
sometimes called:
sometimes called: stationary
stationary, or
, or
synchronous orbit
synchronous orbit.
.

5. DIAGRAM OF GEO SATELLITE
DIAGRAM OF GEO SATELLITE

6. CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
 LEO (LOWER EARTH ORBIT)
LEO (LOWER EARTH ORBIT)
 MEO (MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT)
MEO (MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT)
 GEO (GEOSTATIONARY
GEO (GEOSTATIONARY
ORBIT)
ORBIT)

7. ORBITAL ALTITUDE
ORBITAL ALTITUDE
 LEO 500-2,000KM
LEO 500-2,000KM Above the
Above the
earth.
earth.
 MEO 8,000-20,000KM
MEO 8,000-20,000KM Above
Above
the earth.
the earth.
 GEO 35,786KM
GEO 35,786KM Above the
Above the
earth.
earth.

8. HISTORY OF GEO ORBIT
HISTORY OF GEO ORBIT
 The concept of the geostationary orbit has been
The concept of the geostationary orbit has been
around since the early part of the twentieth century.
around since the early part of the twentieth century.
 The person most widely given credit for the concept
The person most widely given credit for the concept
of using this orbit for communications is ARTHUR
of using this orbit for communications is ARTHUR
C. CLARKE.
C. CLARKE.
 In an article he published in
In an article he published in Wireless World
Wireless World in
in
October 1945 titled "Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can
October 1945 titled "Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can
Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?"
Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?"
Clarke extrapolates from the German rocket
Clarke extrapolates from the German rocket
research of the time to a day when communications
research of the time to a day when communications
around the world would be possible via a network of
around the world would be possible via a network of
three geostationary satellites spaced at equal
three geostationary satellites spaced at equal
intervals around the earth's equator.
intervals around the earth's equator.

9. GEO ORBIT DIAGRAM
GEO ORBIT DIAGRAM

10. ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
 High coverage area.
High coverage area.
 Five geostationary satellites are
Five geostationary satellites are
enough to cover all of the regions
enough to cover all of the regions
of the Earth.
of the Earth.
 One ground segment is enough for
One ground segment is enough for
the satellite monitoring.
the satellite monitoring.
 No problem with frequency
No problem with frequency
changes.
changes.

11. DIS-ADVANTAGES
DIS-ADVANTAGES
 Polar regions are not observed.
Polar regions are not observed.
 One big problem with Geostationary
One big problem with Geostationary
satellites is that since they are always
satellites is that since they are always
positioned above the equator they can't
positioned above the equator they can't
see the north or south poles and are of
see the north or south poles and are of
limited use for latitudes greater than
limited use for latitudes greater than
60-70 degrees north or south.
60-70 degrees north or south.
 Weak signal after traveling over 35,000
Weak signal after traveling over 35,000
km.
km.
 Signal sending delay.
Signal sending delay.

12. GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
ARE USEFUL FOR MANY
ARE USEFUL FOR MANY
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
 TELECOMMUNICATION:-
TELECOMMUNICATION:-
 World wide operational
World wide operational
telecommunication systems for
telecommunication systems for
telephones, TV and digitized
telephones, TV and digitized
transmission lines.
transmission lines.
 ARMY:-
ARMY:-
 Alarm systems - detection of rocket
Alarm systems - detection of rocket
launches.
launches.
 Geostationary satellites are also
Geostationary satellites are also
commonly used for communications
commonly used for communications
and weather-observation.
and weather-observation.

13. THANK YOU!
THANK YOU!