common cold and croup

1. Common cold and croup
Prepared by:
Dr. Muhib Sharifi MD, PhD

2. Definition:
 Acute Respiratory viral infection
 Spontaneous cure
 May cause complication:
 Acute otitis Media
 Laryngitis
 Pneumonia
 Rote of transmission ( cough, sneeze)

3. Epidemiology
 Etiology:
 Rhino virus
 Corona virus
 Influenza
 Para Influenza
 Adeno virus
 Respiratory syncytial virus

4. Source of transmission
 Infected drops of respiratory secretion
 Cough
 Sneezing
 Risk Factors:
 Sudden exposure to cold air
 Crowded places

5. Clinical features
 Fever
 Sneezing
 Hyper secretion of URT mucus
 Nasal obstruction
 Conjunctivitis
 Cervical lymphadenopathy

6. Complications
 Acute otitis media
 Sinusitis
 Laryngitis
 Bronchiolitis
 Pneumonia
 Asthma

7. Treatment
 Paracetamol 15mg/kg qid
 Warm fluid
 If bacterial infection, give antibiotic
 Anti histamin

8. Croup

9. Definitions
 Croup- term used to describe the
clinical picture of laryngotracheitis.
– Hoarse voice
– Barking cough
– Inspiratory stridor
– Possible respiratory distress

10. INFECTIOUS CROUP
(Acute laryngo tracheo bronchitis)
 Epidemiology
 Mostly children under 4 yrs.
 Males > females
 Peak in winter
 Transmission person to person

11. Etiologies
 Parainfluenza, types 1,2,3
– Contribute 65% of cases.
 Influenza A & B
 Adenovirus
 RSV
 Rarely mycoplasma.

12. Pathogenesis
 Nasopharynx
 Larynx and trachea
 Subglottic narrowing due to
inflammation.
 1mm swelling causes 65% obstruction
in infant.

13. Clinical feature
 Parents usually report viral URI
symptoms 12-48hrs prior to cough.
 Fever, “Barking cough,”Stridor
 Typical course 3-5 days.
 X-ray (steple sign)
 WBC (normal)

14. Spasmodic croup
 In children 1-3yrs
 Allergy due to viral antigen
 brassy cough
 Stridor

15. Differential diagnosis
 Diphtheria
 Retro pharyngeal abscess
 Angioedema
 Foreign body
 B-Asthma

16. Acute epiglottitis
(Bacterial croup)
 Epidemiology:
 Children 2-5yrs
 Mostly in winter
 H-influenza type -B

17. Clinical feature
 URTI symptoms
 Fever (39-40)
 Respiratory distress
 Stridor
 Hoarsness
 Dysphagia
 Irritability

18. Treatment
 Hospitalization:
 Decreased level of conscious
 Cyanosis
 Severe stridor
 Mist therapy ( Nebulizer)
 O2

19.  Nebulized epinephrine
 1/1000, 0.1-0.5ml/kg
 Inj. Dexamethasone 0.3-0.5mg
 Antibiotic
 Acute larynges edema ( epinephrine)

20. Bacterial epiglottitis
 Nasotracheal intubation
 Ceftriaxon 100mg/kg/day
 Hydration

21. QUESTIONS?