2. Scanning
• Folk Musical instruments are accompanied
with folk songs and function as a soul to a
song making it lively. They are our pride,
identity and source of economy to the nation.
Nepal enriched with such instruments and it
must be the concern of our government and
all the common civilians to work for their
promotion.
Lesson: 3.3 (2nd Period) 2076/02/07 2
4. Introduction about Folk Musical
Instruments
• The music which is played during an event like jatras,
fairs, festivals, ceremony, etc is called folk music. It is
also played along with folk songs. Folk music is related
to a particular place, race, religion and culture, etc.
Generally, the folk musical instrument is made using
the locally available means and materials. Madal,
Sarangi, Jhyali, Sankha, etc are some examples of folk
musical instruments.
• Along with folk songs, various musical instruments are
also played in different festivals, jatras and ceremonies
in Nepal. Like folk songs, the musical instrument also
differs according to place, race, religion and culture.
Lesson: 3.3 (2nd Period) 2076/02/07 4
6. A brief introduction of musical instrument
played in Nepal is given below:
Madal: Madal is one of the most popular musical instruments
of the Nepalese community. This musical instrument was
first used by Magar community. Later on, it gained
popularity throughout the country. It is made by making
a big hole in a piece of thick log and it's both open sides are
covered with skin. It is carried around the waist and played
with both hands.
Sarangi: Sarangi is a traditional musical instrument introduced
by Gandarva community of Kaski district which is made by
khiri wood. It has four wires and is played by rubbing a bow
on the wires. The people of the Gandarva community play
the Sarangi along with their own local songs that talk about
various incidents that happened in the country.
Lesson: 3.3 (2nd Period) 2076/02/07 6
8. • Flute (Bansuri/Murali): It is made by making a hole in a
small piece of hollow bamboo pipe. It is a popular
musical instrument throughout the country. It is played
by blowing air with the help of our mouth.
• Jhyali/Jhyamta: It is one of the musical instruments of
Panchai Baja. It is made of bronze metal. It is played
with our both hands.
• Narasingha: It is also one of the musical instruments of
Panchai Baja which is made of copper. It is long and
curved like a half circle.
• Sahanai: It is also a part of Panchai Baja. It is made of
metal and played by blowing air with our mouth
• Sahanai: It is also a part of Panchai Baja. It is made of
metal and played by blowing air with our mouth.
Lesson: 3.3 (2nd Period) 2076/02/07 8
10. • Nagara/Damaha: It is one of the musical instruments
of Panchai Baja. It is made of copper and covered by
leather.
• Tyamko: It is also a part of Panchai Baja. It is like
Nagara but small in size.
• Sankha: It is made up of a large shell of the conch
found in the sea and ocean. It is played by blowing air
with our mouth. It is played during puja and other
religious ceremonies of the Hindus. It is also blown
when the dead body is taken to ghat for cremation.
• Dholak: It is made of wood which is hollow inside and
covered with leather.
• Dhyangro: It is used by witch doctor like Dhami-jhankri
and made by wood and leather.
• Damphu: This musical instrument is used in Tamang
community and made by covering the wood with
leather.
Lesson: 3.3 (2nd Period) 2076/02/07 10
12. • Dafali: It is used in Terai region of the Mid-West and
village in Mithila. It is a circular wooden frame with
one side covered with leather. It is played during Holi
festival.
• Murchunga: It is made of iron and it produces the
sound like Binayo. It is also popular among the Kiranti
people.
• Pung: It is made of the horn of an ox and is popular
among the Kirant community of solu area.
• Khaichandi: It is made of wood covered with skin and
is played when Roila, Balana, etc are songs are sung. It
is also played during Bhajan-kritan by Hindus.
• Pungi: It is made by coconut shell and a hollow
bamboo pipe. It is played in the terai to show the snake
dance.
Lesson: 3.3 (2nd Period) 2076/02/07 12
14. • Pung: It is made of the horn of an ox and is popular
among the Kirant community of solu area.
• Khaichandi: It is made of wood covered with skin and
is played when Roila, Balana, etc are songs are sung. It
is also played during Bhajan-kritan by Hindus.
• Pungi: It is made by coconut shell and a hollow
bamboo pipe. It is played in the terai to show the snake
dance.
• Yalamber: It is made of bamboo with two wires. It is
used by Kirant community.
• Tunga: This is a popular musical instrument used in the
Himalayan region. It is made from rhododendron and
has four wires like the Sarangi.
• Ekatare: It is used by the sages and ascetics. It is made
of wood, leather and string.
Lesson: 3.3 (2nd Period) 2076/02/07 14
15. • So, these are the folk musical instruments
which are found in Nepalese community.
These musical instruments are in the mouth of
extinction. Thus, the government of Nepal
should take effective measures to solve such
problems.
Lesson: 3.3 (2nd Period) 2076/02/07 15
16. Causes of extinction of Folk musical instruments:
1. The impact of western Culture.
2. Lack of institutes and training sectors.
3. Less scope for its use.
4. Lack of public awareness about its importance.
Measures to preserve folk musical instruments:
1. The musical instruments which are in a condition
of being extinct should be included in the
curriculum and taught in schools and colleges.
2. The active role of Government.
3. Mass awareness about its importance.
4. Conduct folk musical competition time to time.
Lesson: 3.3 (2nd Period) 2076/02/07 16
17. Homework
• Folk musical instrument reflect the culture of
a particular place. Justify
• Attitude of the new generation towards folk
songs and music is declining. State any four
factors that are responsible. Also suggest
measures to change their attitudes positively.
Lesson: 3.3 (2nd Period) 2076/02/07 17
