Bogor is a city located in West Java, Indonesia that was formerly the capital of the Sunda Kingdom and served as the summer residence of the Dutch colonial government. It is now an important economic, scientific, and tourism center known as the "Rain City" with over 600 kilometers of roads and attractions like the Bogor Botanical Garden, one of the oldest and largest in the world. Bogor receives around 1.8 million visitors annually, over 60,000 of whom are foreign tourists, drawn to its presidential palace and many historical sites.

1. Bogor (Indonesian: Kota Bogor and formerly Buitenzorg) is a city on the island of Javain the West
Java province of Indonesia. The city is located in the center of the Bogor
Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Bogor), 60 kilometers south of the Indonesian capitalJakarta. Bogor
itself is a recognized as a municipality (cat); it is an important economic, scientific, cultural and tourist
center, as well as a mountain resort.
In the Middle Ages, the city was the capital of Sunda Kingdom (Indonesian: Kerajaan Sunda) and was
called Pakuan Pajajaran. During the Dutch colonial era, it was namedBuitenzorg and served as the
summer residence of the Governor-General of Dutch East Indies. The city was the administrative center
of the Netherlands East Indies during the brief British control in the early 19th century.
With several hundred thousand people living on an area of about 20 km², the central part of Bogor is one
of the world's most densely populated areas. The city has apresidential palace and a botanical
garden (Indonesian: Kebun Raya Bogor) – one of the oldest and largest in the world. It bears the
nickname "the Rain City" (Kota Hujan), because of frequent rain showers. It nearly always rains even
during the dry season.
Culture
Bogor is one of the leading cities of Indonesia by the number of musea, some of which are among the
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oldest and largest in the country. The Zoological Museum (Indonesian:Museum Zoologi) which was
opened in 1894 by the Dutch colonial administration as an adjunct to the Botanic Gardens and contains
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thousands of exhibits. Other prominent musea are more recent. So the museum
of ethnobotany (Indonesian: Museum Etnobotani) was opened in 1982 and has more than 2000
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exhibits; museum of the earth (Indonesian:Museum Tanah, 1988) represents hundreds of soil and
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rock samples from different parts of Indonesia; museum of the struggle (Indonesian: Museum
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Perjuangan, 1957) is devoted to the history of the Indonesian national liberation movement; and
museum of PETA (1996) reflects the history of the Indonesian military militia PETA (Pembela Tanah Air –
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"Defenders of the Motherland ") created during World War II by the Japanese administration.
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The city has a drama theater, dozens of movie theaters, nine of which (as of mid-2010) are set-up at
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international standards. The presidential palace, administrative buildings and universities regularly
host art exhibitions, and there are regular festivals of folk art, conferences and culture-related seminars,
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such as the Congress of Indonesian culture (Indonesian: Kongres Kebudayaan Indonesia) of 2008.
TRANSPORT
Bogor is a major transport center of Java. It contains 599.2 kilometers of roads (as of 2008) which cover
5.31% of the city area; 30.2 kilometers of the roads are of national and 26.8 km of prefectural
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importance. The 22 transport lines are operated by 3,506 buses and minibuses. In addition, 10 bus
routes connect the city with the nearest metropolitan area (4,612 buses) and 40 with other cities of West
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Java (330 buses). There are two major bus terminals, Baranangsiang and Bubulak. The former has an
area of 22,100 m² and is dedicated to long-distance and freight traffic while the latter (area 11,850 m²)
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serves urban passenger routes. A separate station is dedicated to tourist coaches and buses to the
nearest Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, located about 55 kilometers from
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Bogor. Recent years see a significant increase in the number of traditional

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Indonesian rickshaw (becak) at more than 2,000 units as of 2009. The train station of Bogor was built
in 1881, and currently serves about 50,000 passengers and has about 70 departures and 70 arrivals per
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day.
Travel and places
On a national tourism exhibition of 2010 in Jakarta, Bogor was recognized as the most attractive tourist
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city of Indonesia. The city and its surrounding area are visited by about 1.8 million people per year, of
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whom more than 60,000 are foreigners. The main tourist attraction is the Bogor Botanical Garden.
Founded in 1817, it contains more than 6,000 species of tropical plants. Besides, about 42 bird species
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breed within the garden, although this number is declining and was 62 before 1952. The garden's 87-
hectare area within the city was supplemented in 1866 by a 120-hectare park in suburban town of
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Cibodas. Much of the original rainforest was preserved within the garden providing specimens for
scientific studes. Besides, the garden was enriched by collections of palms, bamboos, cacti, orchids and
ornamental trees. It became famous in the late 19th century and was visited by naturalists from abroad to
conduct scientific research. For example, the Russian St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences had a
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Buitenzorg scholarship for young scientists to work at Bogor. The staff of Bogor garden also
administer three other major gardens of Iindonesia: the Cibodas Botanical Garden founded 1862 in West
Java, the Purwodadi Botanical Garden in East Java and the Eka Karya Botanical Garden founded in 1959
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on Bali island.
Another tourist attraction is the presidential palace with the total area of 28 hectares, including 1.8492
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hectares of the palace buildings. The palace is surrounded by a park with a small pond. The park is
home to a herd of tame deer and is open to the public most of the year. The palace is accessible during
holidays, such as the City Day and Independence Day; it has a collection of 450 paintings and 360
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sculptures.
The city and its suburbs contain dozens of medieval stone stelae (prasasti). Fifteen prasasti of the
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greatest historical and cultural value are collected in a special pavilion in the district of Batutulis. In the
western part of Bogor there is a large lake Gede (area 6 hectares) surrounded by the reserved forest area
and a forest park. In the protected area there are several research facilities, and the recreation areas host
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sports activities, boating and fishing.
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On the territory of the botanic garden, there is a cemetery established in 1784. It contains 42 historical
graves of the Dutch colonial officials, military officers and scientists, who served in Bogor, Jakarta and
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other cities in West Java from the late 18th to early 20th centuries. Nearby, there are three graves of
the early Sunda Kingdom (15th century): the wife of the founder of Bogor Silivangi, Galuh Mangku
Alam, vizier Ba'ul and commander Japra. The locals regard these individuals as the city's
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patrons. Other historical places are the Bogor Cathedral – built in 1750, it is one of the oldest
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operational Catholic Churches in Indonesia, and the Buddhist temple Hok Tek Bio, built in 1672 in the
classical South Chinese style. It is the first Buddhist temple of Bogor and one of the oldest in
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Indonesia.
Nearby is the Jaksa Waterfall.

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