ndt unit 2

1. VIII SEMESTER
SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
ME 6019-NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND MATERIALS
Regulation – 2013
Academic Year 2019 – 20
Prepared by
Dr.S.THIRUGNANAM, Professor/Mechanical
Dr.G.ANBUCHEZHIYAN, Assistant Professor (Sr.G) /Mechanical

2. SRM VALLIAMMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME 6019-NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND MATERIALS
QUESTION BANK
UNIT-1 OVERVIEW OF NDT
NDT Versus Mechanical testing, Overview of the Non Destructive Testing Methods for the detection of
manufacturing defects as well as material characterization. Relative merits and limitations, Various physical
characteristics of materials and their applications in NDT, Visual inspection – Unaided and aided.
PART-A (2 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Narrate the importance of using NDT. BT1 Remember
2 List out the service conditions that leads to failure of a material. BT2 Understand
3 "Visual testing is inherently part of all other NDT methods". Justify the
Statement.
BT 5 Evaluate
4 Discuss the objectives of non-destructive testing. BT 2 Understand
5 Compare destructive testing and non-destructive testing. BT 4 Analyze
6 Examine the factors affecting mechanical properties of materials. BT 3 Apply
7 Generalize the limitations of the NDT method. BT 6 Create
8 List any four unattractive features of non-destructive testing. BT 1 Remember
9 Name two of the NDT techniques that can be used to detect internal defects. BT 4 Analyze
10 Express about visual inspection techniques. BT 2 Understand
11 Define the principle of LPT. BT 1 Remember
12 Name the list of optical aids used for visual inspection. BT 1 Remember
13 Generalize the advantages and disadvantages of visual inspection. BT 6 Create
14 Discuss the need of material testing. BT2 Understand
15 Point out the service conditions that leads to material failure. BT4 Analyze
16 Define Borescope. BT1 Remember
17 How can you classify the discontinuities? BT3 Apply

3. 18 Invent, when would you use telescopes and periscopes as a visual
Inspection aid?
BT6 Create
19 Define Machine Vision Inspection. BT1 Remember
20 Discriminate aided and unaided visual testing methods. BT 5 Evaluate
PART-B (13 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Differentiate between destructive and non-destructive testing. BT2 Understand
2
With a case study discuss the applications of material characterization.
BT1 Remember
3 Discuss in detail about the different types of Borescopes used in visual
inspection method with neat sketches.
BT2 Understand
4 Summarize about the factors influencing the selection of NDT methods. BT 5 Evaluate
5 Illustrate about non - destructive testing methods and applications of each
technique.
BT3 Apply
6 Explain the working principle and types of visual inspection technique
with suitable sketch.
BT4 Analyze
7 Describe the following:
(i) Application of visual inspection. (7)
(ii) Advantages and disadvantages of visual inspection. (6)
BT1 Remember
8 Illustrate about discontinuities. Explain various types of discontinuities
with examples.
BT3 Apply
9 Describe with suitable sketch about the casting defects during casting
Process.
BT2 Understand
10 Explain with suitable sketch about the welding defects during welding
process.
BT4 Analyze
11 Examine the following with suitable sketch:
(i) Elasticity (ii) Hardness (iii) Brittleness
(iv) Ductility (v) Malleability
BT3 Apply
12 Discuss the following
(i) Izod test. (7)
(ii) Charpy test. (6)
BT2 Understand

4. 13 Summarize the various non destructive methods which are used to
detect the material defects.
BT 5 Evaluate
14 Discuss about the application of visual inspection process with suitable
case study.
BT6 Create
PART-C (15 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Generalize about the attractive features and primary limitations of
destructive testing methods. Explain any two destructive tests in brief.
BT6 Create
2 Compare and contrast the principles, characteristics detected, advantages,
limitations and applications of visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing,
magnetic particle testing and thermography testing methods.
BT4 Analyze
3 Illustrate the methodologies used to inspect pumps, hydraulic systems,
belt pulleys.
BT3 Apply
4 Compare and contrast the principles, characteristics detected, advantages,
limitations and applications of eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing,
acoustic emission testing and radiography testing methods.
BT4 Analyze
UNIT-2 SURFACE NDE METHODS
Liquid Penetrant Testing - Principles, types and properties of liquid penetrants, developers, advantages and
limitations of various methods, Testing Procedure, Interpretation of results. Magnetic Particle Testing-
Theory of magnetism, inspection materials Magnetization methods, Interpretation and evaluation of test
indications, Principles and methods of demagnetization, Residual magnetism.
PART-A (2 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 What is liquid penetrant testing? BT1 Remember
2 List the materials to be used as a developer in Liquid Penetrant Testing. BT1 Remember
3 Discuss various methods of cleaning used for surface preparation in
Liquid Penetrant Testing.
BT2 Understand
4 Examine about abrasive tumbling. BT3 Apply
5 Summarize the methods of penetrant application. BT 5 Evaluate
6 Define the terms "Dwell time and Developing time". BT1 Remember
7 Why should the material be demagnetized after it is subjected to NDT? BT3 Apply

5. 8 Compare Fluorescent penetrant and Visible penetrant. BT4 Analyze
9 List out the merits and demerits of dry developers. BT1 Remember
10 Identify the desirable characteristics of developers used in LPT. BT1 Remember
11 Recommend the effect of size and shape of the magnetic particles on the
inspection process.
BT 5 Evaluate
12 Magnetic particle inspection cannot be used to detect internal defects. Why? BT4 Analyze
13 Differentiate between longitudinal and circumferential magnetism. BT2 Understand
14 Illustrate the function of prods in magnetic particle testing. BT3 Apply
15 List the essential characteristics of magnetic particles. BT1 Remember
16 Express about residual magnetism in magnetic particle testing. BT2 Understand
17 Discuss various steps involved in magnetic particle testing. BT6 Create
18 Describe the types of magnetic particles. BT1 Remember
19 Examine, what are all the equipment used in determination of magnetic
field strength and direction?
BT3 Apply
20 Discuss about the applications of magnetic particle testing. BT2 Understand
PART B (13 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Discuss about the physical principles of liquid penetrant testing with neat
sketch. Also bring out the advantages and limitations of the liquid
penetrant testing.
BT2 Understand
2 (i) Explain the Post-emulsifiable - lipophilie and solvent removable
methods in liquid penetrant testing using process flow diagram. (8)
(ii) List the types of penetrant. (5)
BT5
BT1
Evaluate
Remember
3 (i) Explain about various types of developers. (8)
(ii) List out various characteristics of developers. (5)
BT5
BT1
Evaluate
Remember
4 Explain in detail about the following
(i) Surface preparation methods. (7)
(ii) Excess penetration removal methods. (6)
BT4 Analyze
5 Explain the following
(i) Principal requirements of penetrants. (7)
(ii) Properties of penetrants. (6)
BT 5 Evaluate

6. 6 (i)Discuss about water washable and post emulsifiable-hydrophilie
methods in liquid penetrant testing using process flow diagram. (10)
(ii)Differentiate Fluorescent Penetrants and Visible Penetrants. (3)
BT2 Understand
7 (ii) Describe about various defects and discontinuities in LPT. (10)
(ii) List the applications of LPT. (3)
BT1 Remember
8 (i) Discuss about the various ways of magnetizing the component for
Magnetic Particle Testing. (10)
(ii) Limitations of Magnetic Particle Testing. (3)
BT2 Understand
9 Explain about various steps involved in Magnetic particle inspection
process with suitable flow diagram.
BT4 Analyze
10 Explain about dry and wet particle inspection techniques with neat
diagram.
BT 5 Evaluate
11 Discuss in detail about the following
(i)Applications of Magnetic particle inspection process. (7)
(ii) Advantages of Magnetic Particle Testing. (6)
BT6 Create
12 Explain with suitable sketch about following
(i) Circular Magnetization. (7)
(ii) Longitudinal Magnetization. (6)
BT4 Analyze
13 Summarize the following portable magnetization equipment
(i) Permanent magnet. (5)
(ii) Electromagnetic yokes. (5)
(iii) Prods. (3)
BT2 Understand
14 Explain the following
(i) Residual Magnetization. (8)
(ii)Properties of magnetic particle used in MPT. (5)
BT4 Analyze
PART C (15 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Explain with suitable sketch about following
(i) Magnetization of irregular parts. (8)
(ii) Demagnetization. (7)
BT4 Analyze
2 Explain in detail about the equipment used in determination of magnetic
field strength and direction.
BT 5 Evaluate
3 List and explain the steps involved for inspecting crankshafts by wet
particle magnetic particle inspection method.
BT6 Create

7. 4 Explain in detail about various discontinuities detectable during metal
forming, heat measurement, machining and welding.
BT 5 Evaluate
UNIT III
THERMOGRAPHY AND EDDY CURRENT TESTING (ET)
Thermography- Principles, Contact and non contact inspection methods, Techniques for applying liquid crystals,
Advantages and limitation - infrared radiation and infrared detectors, Instrumentations and methods,
applications. Eddy Current Testing-Generation of eddy currents, Properties of eddy currents, Eddy current
sensing elements, Probes, Instrumentation, Types of arrangement, Applications, advantages, Limitations,
Interpretation/Evaluation.
PART A (2 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Define thermography BT 1 Remember
2 State the basic principle involved in Thermography testing BT 2 Understand
3 List the advantage of thermography BT 1 Remember
4 Summarize the characteristics of Infrared waves. BT 2 Understand
5 Define liquid crystal. BT 1 Remember
6 Discriminate active and passive approach in thermography testing BT 5 Evaluate
7 Summarize the types of Infrared detectors. BT 2 Understand
8 List the elements of thermography testing method. BT1 Remember
9 List the application of thermography. BT 4 Analyze
10 Classify thermography testing. BT 3 Apply
11 Describe the principle of eddy current method. BT1 Remember
12 Demonstrate the eddy current sensing elements. BT 3 Apply
13 List the disadvantage of eddy current inspection. BT 1 Remember
14 Discuss the characteristics of eddy current. BT 4 Analyze
15 List the types of probe used in eddy current inspection. BT1 Remember
16 Define the principle of hall effect BT 1 Remember
17 Describe the applications of eddy current inspection BT 2 Understand
18 How does the depth of penetration of eddy current is affected by the
frequency of the current?
BT 2 Understand

8. 19 Summarize the parameters to be considered for selection of probes in
eddy current testing.
BT 5 Evaluate
20 State the limitations of eddy current inspection method BT1 Remember
PART-B (13 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 (i) Explain with neat sketch about the principle of thermography test. (7)
(ii) List the advantages, limitations and applications of thermography test.
(6)
BT 1 Remember
2 Describe in detail about the elements of infrared detection system with
block diagram.
BT 2 Understand
3 Explain the principle of thermography testing by passive approach and
state the application of it.
BT 4 Analyze
4 Explain the principle of thermography testing by active approach and
mention few application of it.
BT 4 Analyze
5 List and explain in detail about the laws of thermal imaging in
Thermography test.
BT 1 Remember
6 (i) Classify Infrared sensors and explain with neat sketch about working
principle of IR sensors. (7)
(ii) Describe the working principles of Infrared sensors with neat sketch.
(6)
BT 3
BT 2
Apply
Understand
7 Discuss with suitable sketch about the principle of
(i) Vibro Thermography testing. (7)
(ii) Dynamic Thermographic inspection. (6)
BT 2 Understand
8 Illustrate about Contact and Non-Contact inspection methods in
Thermography with neat sketch.
BT 3 Apply
9 (i) Explain the Eddy current principle of eddy current testing with neat
sketch. (8)
(ii) List the advantage and limitation of eddy current test (5)
BT 3
BT 1
Apply
Remember
10 Explain Eddy current instrumentation with aid of block diagram. BT 4 Analysis
11 Classify the eddy current probes on the basis of following
(i) Mode of application. (ii) Mode of operation.
BT 3 Apply

9. 12 Explain the different types of method used for generation of magnetic
field in eddy current testing.
BT 2 Understand
13 Describe the following with neat sketch
(i) Hall effect sensors in eddy current testing. (7)
(ii) SQUID sensor. (6)
BT 1 Remember
14 (i) List the applications of Eddy current testing. (7)
(ii) Illustrate the lens law with suitable sketch. (6)
BT 1
BT 3
Remember
Apply
PART-C (15 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Evaluate the procedure for detecting fatigue crack in the materials by
eddy current inspection technique.
BT 5 Evaluate
2 Write down the procedure of corrosion detection in Eddy current testing
of Non destructive testing.
BT1 Remember
3 Illustrate the procedure of detection of surface cracks or discontinuities of
materials by Eddy current method.
BT 1 Apply
4 Explain in details about Image processing of Thermography non
destructive testing.
BT 4 Analyze
UNIT IV
ULTRASONIC TESTING (UT) AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION (AE)
Ultrasonic Testing-Principle, Transducers, transmission and pulse-echo method, straight beam and angle beam,
instrumentation, data representation, A/Scan, B-scan, C-scan. Phased Array Ultrasound, Time of Flight
Diffraction. Acoustic Emission Technique –Principle, AE parameters, Applications.
PART-A (2 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Describe ultrasonic testing. BT 2 Understand
2 List the different modes of ultrasonic waves. BT 1 Remember
3 Discuss the principle of transmission method in ultrasonic testing. BT 2 Understand
4 Narrate the principle of acoustic emission testing. BT 1 Remember
5 Classify the waves in ultrasonic testing. BT 4 Analyze

10. 6 Define transducer and List the types of ultrasonic transducer. BT 1 Remember
7 Discriminate straight beam and angle beam transducer. BT 5 Evaluate
8 Define attenuation and acoustic impedance. BT 1 Remember
9 Describe piezo electric effect. BT 2 Understand
10 Describe variables influencing UT. BT1 Remember
11 Name the standard calibration blocks used in UT. BT1 Remember
12 Discriminate transmission and pulse-echo methods in UT. BT 5 Evaluate
13 List the ultrasonic inspection techniques in UT. BT1 Remember
14 Name the source of Acoustic emission. BT1 Remember
15 Describe the properties of Acoustic waves. BT 2 Understand
16 List the factors influencing in ultrasonic testing technique. BT 4 Analyze
17 Narrate the Kaiser effect in acoustic waves. BT1 Remember
18 List the types of sensors used in acoustic emission technique. BT 2 Understand
19 Describe the principle of pulse echo method. BT 5 Evaluate
20 Define acoustic emission technique. BT 1 Remember
PART-B (13 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 (i) Describe the principle of ultrasonic testing with suitable block
diagram. (8)
(ii) List the advantage and disadvantage of ultrasonic testing. (5)
BT 1 Remember
2 (i) Explain the principle of through transmission ultrasonic testing with
neat sketch. (8)
(ii) Briefly explain the wave propagation of Ultrasonic sound. (5)
BT 1 Remember
3 Illustrate the principle of pulse echo method with neat sketch in ultrasonic
testing method.
BT 3 Apply
4 Describe the working principle with neat sketch of following BT 2 Understand

11. (i) Piezo-Electric transducer. (7)
(ii) Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT). (6)
5 List and Illustrate with neat sketch about Ultrasonic transducers used in
Ultrasonic testing method based on its applications.
BT 3 Apply
6 Discuss the following Ultrasonic inspection technique with neat sketch.
(i) Straight beam ultrasonic inspection method. (7)
(ii) Angle beam ultrasonic inspection method. (6)
BT 2 Understand
7 Discuss the following Ultrasonic inspection technique with neat sketch.
(i) Time of flight diffraction inspection method.
(ii) Phase array ultrasonic inspection method.
(iii)Immersion ultrasonic inspection method.
BT 2 Understand
8 Illustrate with neat sketch about the following
(i) A-scan (ii) B-scan
(ii) C-scan
BT 3 Apply
9 Explain with neat sketch about the data presentation methods in
Ultrasonic test of non destructive testing.
BT 4 Analyze
10 (i) Explain the principle of Acoustic emission test with neat sketch. (10)
(ii) List the applications of Acoustic emission test. (3)
BT 5
BT 1
Evaluate
Remember
11 Describe the factors influencing acoustic wave propagation and data
acquisition in Acoustic Emission test.
BT 2 Understand
12 (i) List the components of Acoustic emission test. (3)
(ii) Illustrate with neat sketch about the arrangement of Acoustic
emission testing setup. (10)
BT 1
BT 3
Remember
Apply
13 Discuss the following with suitable diagram
(i) Transient signal in AE. (7)
(ii) Continuous signals in AE. (6)
BT 2 Understand
14 Demonstrate the principle of four channel data acquisition in Acoustic
Emission testing with neat sketch.
BT 3 Apply
PART-C (15 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Explain about various parameters involved in Acoustic Emission Testing
method of Non destructive testing.
BT 4 Analyze

12. 2 List and explain the variables that are influencing the result of Ultrasonic
testing of Non destructive testing methods.
BT 1 Remember
3 Describe in detail about which method of Ultrasonic inspection
technique is suitable for inspect the welding of materials with neat sketch.
BT 2 Understand
4 Illustrate the suitable Ultrasonic method to inspecting the following with
suitable sketch.
(i) Thickness of material. (8)
(ii) Aircraft components. (7)
BT 3 Apply
UNIT-5 RADIOGRAPHY (RT)
Principle-interaction of X-Ray with matter, imaging, film and film less techniques, types and use of filters and
screens, geometric factors, Inverse square, law, characteristics of films - graininess, density, speed, contrast,
characteristic curves, Penetrometers, Exposure charts, Radiographic equivalence. Fluoroscopy- Xero-
Radiography, Computed Radiography, Computed Tomography
PART-A (2 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Differentiate film and filmless techniques in radiography. BT2 Understand
2 Define inverse square law in radiography. BT1 Remember
3 Summarize the properties of X rays and Gamma rays. BT2 Understand
4 Describe about intensifying screens. BT2 Understand
5 Discuss about "Focal spot". BT2 Understand
6 Illustrate the sections of the characteristics curve of X-ray film. BT3 Apply
7 What is meant by Film density? BT1 Remember
8 Illustrate about Image Quality Indicators. BT3 Apply
9 Define Film speed. BT1 Remember
10 Discuss about Photoelectric effect. BT2 Understand
11 Narrate Rayleigh Scattering. BT2 Understand

13. 12 What is meant by Pair production? BT1 Remember
13 Define the term "Crompton effect". BT1 Remember
14 Examine "Half-value layer". BT3 Apply
15 Criticize "Film Graininess". BT5 Evaluate
16 Classify filters in radiographic testing. BT4 Analyze
17 Discuss about the factors affecting film contrast. BT2 Understand
18 Define geometric factors. BT1 Remember
19 Define Image sharpness. BT1 Remember
20 Discuss about SWSI technique. BT2 Understand
PART-B (13 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 Explain about the process of Neutron Radiography and Computed
Tomography.
BT 4 Analyze
2 (i) Discuss about the safety aspects related to Radiographic Testing. (7)
(ii) Write short notes on the penetrometers and sensitivity in radiography
testing. (6)
BT 2 Understand
3 (i) Describe radiographic imaging techniques with suitable sketch. (7)
(ii) Write short notes on radiographic film. (6)
BT 2 Understand
4 (i)Explain the three step process of computed radiography and mention the
significant advantages. (8)
(ii) State the various classes of films and explain their characteristics. (5)
BT5
BT 1
Evaluate
Remember
5 Illustrate the components of X-ray generator with suitable sketch. BT 3 Apply
6 Discuss the following
(i) Crank-out mechanism for Gamma ray radiographic exposure. (7)
(ii) Gamma source isotopes and their characteristics. (6)
BT 4 Analyze
7 Describe the following
(i) Different layers of X-ray film. (7)
(ii) Salt screens. (6)
BT 1 Remember

14. 8 (i)Illustrate the Five sections of X-ray film characteristic curve. (10)
(ii) Discuss about Film density and Film speed. (3)
BT 3
BT 2
Apply
Understand
9 List and explain the stages of film processing and development with flow
diagram.
BT 1 Remember
10 Discuss about four important processes when interaction of X-rays with
matter.
BT 2 Understand
11 Summarize the following
(i)Types of X-rays. (7)
(ii) Types of filtration. (6)
BT5 Evaluate
12 Explain in detail about Xerography techniques with suitable sketch. BT 4 Analyze
13 Explain about Computed Radiography with suitable sketch. BT5 Evaluate
14 Describe about Fluoroscopy Testing with neat diagram. BT 2 Understand
PART C (15 Marks)
Q.No Questions BT
Level
Competence
1 How X-rays are produced in radiographic testing? Briefly write about two
methods of X-ray production.
BT6 Create
2 How computed radiography differs from conventional radiography?
Briefly write about the principle of operation of computed radiography.
BT6 Create
3 Classify X-ray films used in industrial radiography and brief about
construction of film with simple line diagram.
BT4 Analyze
4 Explain the types of radiation produced by radioactive decay (gamma ray)
and their application with neat sketch.
BT5 Evaluate