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1. Base paper Title: Unsupervised Machine Learning for Managing Safety Accidents in Railway
Stations
Modified Title: Machine Learning Without Human Supervision for Handling Safety Incidents
in Train Stations
Abstract
For both passenger and freight transportation, railroad operations must be dependable,
accessible, maintained, and safe (RAMS). In many urban areas, railway stations risk and safety
accidents represent an essential safety concern for daily operations. Moreover, the accidents
lead to damage to market reputation, including injuries and anxiety among the people and costs.
This stations under pressure caused by higher demand which consuming infrastructure and
raised the safety administration consideration. To analysing these accidents and utilising the
technology such AI methods to enhance safety, it is suggested to use unsupervised topic
modelling for better understand the contributors to these extreme accidents. It is conducted to
optimise Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for fatality accidents in the railway stations from
textual data gathered RSSB including 1000 accidents in the UK railway station. This research
describes using the machine learning topic method for systematic spot accident characteristics
to enhance safety and risk management in the stations and provides advanced analysing. The
study evaluates the efficacy of text by mining from accident history, gaining information,
lesson learned and deeply coherent of the risk caused by assessing fatalities accidents for large
and enduring scale. This Intelligent Text Analysis presents predictive accuracy for valuable
accident information such as root causes and the hot spots in the railway stations. Further, the
big data analytics ’ improvement results in an understanding of the accidents’ nature in ways
not possible if a considerable amount of safety history and not through narrow domain analysis
of the accident reports. This technology renders stand with high accuracy and a beneficial and
extensive new era of AI applications in railway industry safety and other fields for safety
applications.
Existing System
Trains as public transportation have been considered as safer than other means.
However, passengers on trains stations sometimes face many risks because of many
overlapping factors such as station operation, design, and passenger behaviours. Due to the

2. gradually increasing demand and the heavily congested society and the state of some station’s
layout and complexity in design, there are potential risks during the operation of the stations.
Furthermore, Passenger, people and public safety is the main concern of the railway industry
and one of the critical parts of the system. European Union put into practice Reliability,
Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS)as a standard in 1999 known as EN 50126.
Aiming to prevent railway accidents and ensure a high level of safety in railway operations.
The RAMS analyses concepts lead to minimising the risks to acceptable levels and rise safety
levels. However, that have been an urgent issue and still, the reports show several people are
killed every year in the railway station, some accidents lead to injuries or fatalities. For
example, In Japan in 2016, 420 accidents occurred that included being struck by a train, which
resulted in 202 deaths. This including of those 420 accidents, 179 (resulting in 24 fatalities)
included falling from a platform and following injury or death as a consequence of hitting with
a train [1]. In the UK, 2019/20, it has been reported that Most passenger injuries occur from
accidents in stations. Greatest Major injuries are the outcome of slips, trips and falls, of which
there were approximately 200 [2] play significant impact in reducing injuries on station
platforms and provide quality, reliable and safe travel environment for all passengers, worker
and public.
Drawback in Existing System
 Limited Labeling and Interpretability:
Unsupervised learning relies on finding patterns in unlabeled data, which can lead to
challenges in interpreting the results. Without labeled data, it may be challenging to
understand the underlying causes of safety incidents or to validate the accuracy of the
model's findings.
 Scalability Issues:
Unsupervised learning algorithms may face scalability challenges when dealing
with large datasets, especially in the context of railway station safety where the
volume of data can be substantial. Efficient clustering and anomaly detection methods
are essential for handling large-scale datasets.
 Lack of Causality Understanding:
Unsupervised learning methods excel at identifying patterns and correlations but
may not inherently understand the causal relationships between variables.
Understanding the root causes of safety incidents is crucial for implementing effective
preventive measures.

3.  Ethical and Privacy Concerns:
The use of unsupervised learning on sensitive safety data raises ethical concerns
related to privacy and data security. Ensuring compliance with privacy regulations
and protecting sensitive information is crucial.
Proposed System
 Algorithm Selection:
Choose appropriate unsupervised learning algorithms based on the nature of the data
and the objectives of the safety management system. Consider algorithms like K-
Means, DBSCAN, Isolation Forest, or a combination of methods.
 Integration with Existing Systems:
Integrate the unsupervised learning system with existing safety management systems
and processes. Ensure seamless communication and information flow between the
machine learning model and human operators.
 Model Evaluation and Iteration:
Continuously evaluate the performance of the unsupervised learning model using
appropriate metrics. Iterate on the model as needed, considering changes in data
patterns and emerging safety concerns.
 Scalability:
Design the system to be scalable to accommodate growing datasets and evolving
safety requirements. Consider the potential expansion to multiple railway stations or
broader transportation networks.
Algorithm
 K-Means Clustering:
K-Means is a popular clustering algorithm that can group similar incidents together.
By identifying clusters of safety incidents, railway authorities can gain insights into
patterns and common characteristics, allowing for more targeted preventive measures.

4.  Principal Component Analysis (PCA):
PCA is a dimensionality reduction technique that can be used to identify the most
important features in the data. By reducing the dimensionality, it becomes easier to
analyze and interpret patterns related to safety incidents.
 Isolation Forest:
Isolation Forest is an anomaly detection algorithm that is effective in identifying
outliers or unusual patterns in the data. It works by isolating instances that are
different from the majority, making it suitable for detecting rare safety incidents.
Advantages
 Anomaly Detection:
Unsupervised learning is well-suited for anomaly detection, helping to identify
unusual events or patterns that deviate from the norm. This is crucial for detecting
safety incidents that may not have been previously observed or categorized.
 Reduced Dependency on Labeled Data:
Unlike supervised learning, which relies on labeled examples for training,
unsupervised learning does not require pre-labeled data. This is advantageous in
scenarios where obtaining labeled safety incident data is challenging or expensive.
 Real-time Monitoring:
Unsupervised learning algorithms can be deployed for real-time monitoring of
safety incidents. By continuously analyzing incoming data, these algorithms can
quickly identify deviations from normal patterns, allowing for prompt response and
intervention.
 Cost-Efficient Analysis:
Unsupervised learning can be a cost-efficient approach, especially when labeled
data is scarce or expensive to obtain. By leveraging unlabeled data, organizations can
derive valuable insights without the need for extensive manual annotation.
Software Specification
 Processor : I3 core processor
 Ram : 4 GB
 Hard disk : 500 GB

5. Software Specification
 Operating System : Windows 10 /11
 Frond End : Python
 Back End : Mysql Server
 IDE Tools : Pycharm