47966368 super-student

1. Super Student  make that into Super Manager
a. Combine with Dragon Speaking, WhiteSmokes and DigitalVoiceRecorder GOOD OFFICE SKILLs THAT
KILL !!!
2. Alkaloids again  f1rST2_Control Folder please
3. SEEK  different alternative
4. Seriously look into Super Student, seem to be very strucutred
5. ATi 5970 seems to stay the best GPU in the world , great start
6. Check IMAX audio equipment reply from Auditoria USA
7. Check Scoopon reply
8. Check Dan Winter’s reply
9. Methodologies matter
a. Project Mgt Professional Methodologies
b. Executive GM Methodologies
c.
10.
Author: Warfreak
Version: 0.2
Date Started: 28/09/10
NOTE: This Guide will Contain Spoilers. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED!
REMEMBER, IF YOU LIKE THIS GUIDE, RECOMMEND IT TO OTHER USERS USING THE LINK
ABOVE!
*('@')~~~~~~Watch In Awe, Watch In Awe, Aeria Gloris, Aeria Gloris~~~~~~('@')*
Use Ctrl+F to quickly navigate this guide.
Table of Contents
§1 Introduction
[1.01] Introduction
[1.02] Version History
[1.03] Steam

§2 Civ V
[2.01] Game Intro
§3 The 18 Civilizations
[3.01] Arabia
[3.02] Aztecs
[3.03] China
[3.04] Egypt
[3.05] England
[3.06] France
[3.07] Germany
[3.08] Greece
[3.09] India
[3.10] Iroquois
[3.11] Japan
[3.12] Ottoman
[3.13] Persia
[3.14] Rome
[3.15] Russia
[3.16] Siam
[3.17] Songhai
[3.18] United States
§4 City-States
[4.01] City States Intro
[4.02] Cultural City States
[4.03] Militaristic City States
[4.04] Maritime City States
[4.05] City State Missions

[A] Contact Information
[B] Credits
[C] Webmaster Information
[D] Copyright Notice
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Now, Let the Guide Begin~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
[1.01] Introduction
If you stand back enough, you will be able to recognise the V as the same
V behind the name of the game. Anyway this is my guide, number 63 actually,
and I will probably support all the Civ 5 games, so future expansion packs,
just like my coverage on Civ 4. Basically, this game is a lot different, so
first things first, cover the differences.
First off, I know there is going to be a lot of copy pasta from the
Civilopedia from the game, however, given how clunky I find it now, and how
it is more annoying to use, it will be put here, and besides, you might want
to get some context on why some leaders are so, well, out there.
And for anyone curious to my game edition, it's the lovely Special Edition
or the Collectors edition. Who can resist metal figurines of archers and a
metallic death robot?
For those that care, my Steam ID is antisniperwarfreak, and more or less, I'm
using Steam to either play this, Total War, L4D2, or TF2. Although being
based down under, lag will get most of you.
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
[1.02] Version History

Version 0.0 [29/9/10]
Template done, started on the guide proper.
Version 0.1 [4/10/10]
Guide is way too big for starters, might have to remove history, but Chapter
2 and 3 are done.
Version 0.2 [12/10/10]
Well, City States are done.
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
[1.03] Steam
This is a copy and paste on how to use Steam in an offline capacity for those
that are interested. I've stolen this from my Empire: Total War guide, and I
don't think any of this has changed, and I don't use Steam in an offline
capacity any more, thanks to my new wireless connection, so my PC isn't in
it's offline mode anymore. And a few pieces are editted, cause well, this
isn't Total War.
Install the game, but you need the Net first. Steam will prompt you to put in
the serial code, and if need be, create an account if you don't already have
one. It will install the game, and it will take some time. Go do some
homework or something, cause you won't have time to when this is done. When
it is done, adjust your settings.
Now, if you want to play and you don't have the internet access all the time,
such as dial-up users, access Steam and use the My Games tab. Let the game be
updated via Steam, and wait until it gives the 100% Ready sign. Then, you can
launch the game.

Quit, making sure it works, and head to settings, making sure that the "Don't
Save Account Credentials" Button IS NOT ticked. Now, you can go offline, or
when you next use Steam and you are offline, Steam will access your offline
account and Empire: Total War, since it is 100% Ready, will be able to be
played offline.
This is a quick summary of this link
https://support.steampowered.com/kb_article.php?ref=3160-AGCB-2555
So if you are still lost, read there. This part is necessary just to make sure
no one has problems with Steam, and everyone can play it.
However, there will be problem using Steam. Given that you need it to be at
the 100% ready sign to play, the latest patches, which amount to a nice
total of about 500mb, you will be downloading for a long time if you are
using a dial-up connection, and still it will take hours on a decent ADSL/
Cable line.
Also, the download speed will vary, given the time on the day, the speed of
your connection, the speed of the servers, the amount of users, etc, so it
will take some time. This can cause some problems. Therefore, if you wish
to avoid updates, I suggest you always start in offline mode, otherwise, you
will be here for a while.
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
[2.01] Game Intro
There are many differences between this game and Civ 4. As someone who has

played pretty much every single Civ game since Colonization and Civilization,
which were released all that long time ago on DOS, there has been a lot of
differences, but let us start small.
- Hex Tiles -
Yes, the square tiles are gone, the diagonal tiles are in the dustcans of
history, they are replaced with hex tiles, and although it might be a bit
of a shock, they look horribly nice. They are very well done, and old civ
players really wouldn't notice too much of a difference.
- Cities can Bombard and Defend -
Yes, that is right, cities can now bombard enemies that come within 2 tiles
of the city. That means, get too close, and watch the city rain projectiles
on you. Therefore, there cannot be a rush early in the game, because they
can just attack enemies that decide to get too close. This makes them very
strategic as well in terms of placement, they can be used as offensive weapons
as well, and they are very useful overlooking a chokepoint or bottleneck.
- Leadership Traits -
The way each leader is arranged is different. There are 18 civilisations,
and each have a single leader. There are no more dual leaders, which is a bit
of a shame, but that makes thing a little more tolerable. Each civilisation
has a specific power, the Americans have the Manifest Destiny, whereas the
Chinese will have the Art of War, something that is related to each of them.

Each civilisation will have 2 unique features that are specific to them,
besides their power. They will either have 1 unique building and 1 unique
unit, or they will hav 2 unique units. For example, the Americans will have
the Minuteman and the B17 as their unique units, whilst the Chinese will have
the Chu-No-Ku as their unique unit and the Paper Maker as their unique
building.
- Religion -
What was introduced in Civ 4, the concept of religion, has been removed. This
was done mainly because it wasn't very effectively implemented, but it has
been removed.
- Civics -
Yes, Civics have pretty much been redone completely. This means that you
don't get to choose a government system when it is time to do so, however,
you will be picking civics or rather, social policies. This is where you
accumulate culture points from your cities, and from here, you will be able
to pick new policies from that. This is talked about heavily in the manual,
and I'll jibber a bit more about it later.
- Technology -
Whilst the tech tree is still there, ready to be pruned, tech trading has been
changed. No longer can you just trade technology back and forth like some sort
of commodity, rather, technology is traded in the form of agreements, where

you and another party will basically create a research pact, and that,
although costing money, will lead to a joint venuture to create new tech.
And the biggest change is, no more Leonard Nemoy.
- Stacks -
No more stacks. Stacks of units are now gone, banished, erased. No more can
you send a stack of 50000 armoured units into a city and watch them pulverise
the enemy defences. One hex tile can only hold a civilian unit, such as a
settler or worker, and a military unit, such as a warrior or catapult, no
more. Of course, you can move past them, but you cannot now have stacks.
That concludes most of the major changes, now we will go into depth about the
smaller changes and the overall scope of the game.
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
[3.01] Arabia
Leader - Harun al-Rashid
Unique Unit 1 - Camel Archers, replaces Knights
Unique Unit 2 - None
Unique Building - Bazaar, replaces Markets
Civilization Power
TRADE CARAVANS

- +2 Gold per Trade Route
~ History
"The Muslim Empire of the Caliphate - also known as the Islamic Empire or the
Arab kingdom - came into existence after the Prophet Mohammed's death in 632
AD, created by Mohammed's disciples as a continuation of the political
authority he established. During its long existence the Caliphate would grow
to enormous size and power, dominating Spain, North Africa, the Middle East,
Anatolia, the Balkans and Persia, ruling an empire that at least rivaled that
of the Romans at the height of their power.
The Arab Empire began in Medina, on the Arabian Peninsula, in what is now
known as Saudi Arabia. The interior is generally inhospitable desert -
barren, sandy and hot with summer temperatures reaching as high as 130
degrees F. Medina and Mecca occupy the more fertile coastal regions along
the Red Sea.
The Umayyads were a merchant family based in Mecca. They had converted to
Islam in 627, becoming prominent supporters of Mohammed and his successors.
The early Umayyad caliphs were based in Damascus, Syria, and the Syrian army
formed the backbone of the Arab military forces. The Umayyads expanded
Arabian power east, building outposts and sending expeditions into Central
Asia and northwestern India. In addition the Umayyads launched the invasion
of North Africa. In the 7th century they constructed a Mediterranean fleet
with which they launched a series of unsuccessful raids against Christian
Constantinople.

The Umayyad Caliphate reached its zenith under the reign of Abd al-Malik
(reigned 685-705). In the west, Abd's armies overran much of Spain, while in
the east the Caliphate invaded Sind in India and conquered Bukhara,
Samarkand, Khwarezm, and many more places too hard to spell. al-Malik also
oversaw a reorganization of the Caliphate's bureaucracy, economy, and the
institution of a post service. During his reign the arts flourished,
particularly architecture.
The empire suffered a decline after Abd al-Malik's death. A series of
mediocre caliphs combined with economic troubles and military reverses in
the east and west fueled tribal rivalries within the Caliphate, and in 750
the Umayyads were defeated and overthrown at the Battle of the Great Zab
River.
The Umayyads were defeated by the Abbasids, another powerful family. The
first Abbasid Caliph, Abu al-Abbas, was a ruthless leader who upon achieving
power immediately set about exterminating anyone else who might have a
legitimate claim upon the throne. He was successful, as the Abbasids would
remain in power for another three centuries. Not without a certain grim
panache, he gave himself the name as-Saffah, which translates as "the
bloodletter."
The Abbasids shifted the capital of the Caliphate to Baghdad. This reflected
its concentration on events in the east - Persia, India, Central Asia - and
subsequent de-emphasis on North Africa and the Mediterranean. The Abbasids
were more overtly religious than the Umayyads, and under them the Caliphate
more closely followed Islamic law.
Harun al-Rashid (reigned 786-809) was the fifth Abbasid caliph. He ruled
Arabia at the height of its wealth and power. In his early years Harun led

military expeditions against the Byzantine Empire; his successes earned him
the nickname al-Rashid, "the one following the correct path." While Rashid
did have to put down a number of internal revolts, the empire was mostly at
peace during his reign, and the Caliphate grew monumentally, spectacularly
wealthy. For more details on Harun al-Rashid, see his Civilopedia entry.
The Arab empire of the medieval period was far more advanced than
contemporary Europeans; Harun al-Rashid's Baghdad may have held a million
people at the same time that Charlemagne's Aachen was a "capital" of ten
thousand. Centers of learning attracted scholars from across the Muslim
world to great cities such as Baghdad, Damascus, and Cordoba. The Arabs of
this period made many advances in medicine, astronomy, mathematics, and
other areas, as well as translating many of the classics of the Ancient
Greeks into Arabic, thereby saving them from destruction.
During the period of the Crusades, Christian Europe began a sustained assault
against the Arabic world. The greatest of Muslim generals from this period
was Salah al-Din, better known as Saladin, who successfully defeated the
Third Crusade and recaptured Jerusalem for the Arabs.
As the Middle Ages ended, however, the Empire began to fragment under
increasing pressure from both external and internal forces. The sheer size
of the Empire made centralized government nearly impossible, and the caliphs
were forced to put down numerous insurrections by rebellious local leaders.
The debate over the rightful heirs to Mohammed's leadership continued to
fester. In the west the Europeans wrested control of Spain from the
caliphate, while in the east the Ottomans began their inexorable expansion
into the heart of the Arabian Empire.
In 1258 a Mongol army under Hulagu Khan captured Baghdad and executed

Caliph al-Musta'sim, bringing the Arabian Empire to an abrupt end.
For most of the past five centuries, much of the Arab world has been ruled
by foreigners; first by the Ottoman Turks, then by the Western colonial
powers. Since the onset of de-colonization in the 1950s, traditional Arab
values have been modified through the combined pressures of urbanization,
industrialization, and Western influence. However, the ancient tenets of
Islam are still followed by millions of faithful across the globe.
Although now divided between dozens of different countries, the lands once
part of the greater Arabian Empire owe much to their ancient common
ancestor."
The Arabians are a fun race to play with, you can always mimic the current
Middle East conflict, however, their power is very useful for a large
empire. An extra 2 gold per trade route, with an empire of 40 cities connected
to the capital will lead to an extra 80 gold per turn, in addition to the
usual benefits that trading brings into the civilisation.
The Bazaar is a nice building, it replaces the market. It does the same job
as the market, with the 25% extra gold as well as the specialist slot, but
the unique thing is that an additional luxury resource for each resource
near the city. So 1 wine turns into 2, 2 into 4, and so forth.
The unique unit is the Camel Archer, a unique mounted unit which allows for
movement after attack, as well as a powerful ranged and melee attack for
units within the Medieval Era, which is when you get access to this unit.
However, like all mounted units, pikemen and spearmen are their worst
nightmare.

Harun al-Rashid
~ History
"Harun al-Rashid (which translates roughly as "Aaron the Rightly Guided") was
the fifth Abbasid Caliph, ruling the Arabian Empire from 786 to 809 AD.
During his reign the Caliphate stretched from Spain in the west to Anatolia
in the north to India in the east, and it was the largest and most powerful
political entity in the world. Harun was an able ruler, and his reign was a
time of scientific and cultural advancement and prosperity for his subjects.
The son of the third Caliph and al-Khayzuran, a Yemeni slave girl, Harun
came to power following the death of his brother, Abu Abdullah Musa ibn Mahdi
al-Hadi. Al-Hadi died of a stomach ailment under somewhat suspicious
circumstances, and some believed that his mother had al-Hadi poisoned because
she had much stronger influence with her younger son, Harun. True or not,
al-Khayzuran was one of Harun's chief advisors until her death in 789.
At the start of Harun's reign, the Caliphate's capitol was in Baghdad, a new
city founded by an earlier Caliph. The city was a center of arts, science and
religion, with many beautiful buildings. There Harun founded the "House of
Wisdom," a library and research facility which collected and translated
scientific writings from Persian, Indian, Greek, and Roman texts. Under Harun
Baghdad would blossom, becoming perhaps the largest and richest city in the
world. Later Harun would move his government to the strategically important
city of ar-Raqqah, but Baghdad would remain a great city of arts, science and
commerce for centuries to come (the city would be conquered and sacked by the
Mongols in 1258).

A somewhat fantastic description of Harun may be found in "The Thousand and
One Nights," in which the Caliph is described as living in a sumptuous palace
flowing with gold, silver, and jewels. Although exaggerated, there is a
strong element of truth to the tale. During Harun's reign huge amounts of
wealth poured into the Empire, and a goodly portion of it made it to the
Caliph's coffers. According to ancient historians, Harun's wife insisted that
all utensils and plates at her table be made of gold and festooned with
jewels.
Politically, Harun attempted to maintain cordial relations with the European
powers. He had direct diplomatic relations with Charlemagne, and in these
pre-Crusade years Europeans had free access to Jerusalem and the Holy Lands.
He also had diplomatic relations with the Imperial Court in China. However,
his relations were somewhat less friendly with the Byzantines.
Under his father, Harun had led an army through Turkey to the gates of
Constantinople, capitol of the Byzantine Empire. After negotiation with the
Empress Irene, Harun agreed to spare the city in return for an annual tribute
of 70,000 gold coins. When Irene was deposed and the Byzantines reneged on
the agreement in 806, Harun led another army north and once again forced the
Byzantines to capitulate.
Harun became ill and died in 808 while on his way to deal with a revolt in
Iran. He was succeeded by his son, al-Amin. His passing marked the beginning
of the slow decline of the Arabian Empire, after his death pieces of it were
carved away by external enemies and internal revolt. Although the Empire
would continue to exist for some centuries, it would never again reach the
brilliant heights it had under Harun al-Rashid.
Although there were wars and internal trouble, most of Rashid's reign was

peaceful and prosperous. The Caliphate enjoyed economic and industrial
growth, plus an explosion in trade. Harun was a lover of music and poetry,
and he gave lavish gifts to artists in his court. Although not necessarily a
great leader, Rashid did rule the Arabian Empire competently at the very
height of its power and wealth."
Harun is an interesting enemy to face. With this guide, along with a nice
history about them, for those who can't be bothered using the Civilopedia,
which is a lot more confronting to use, I will give you their actual
approaches to the game, as how they will, as the AI, will fight you in the
game. As a future note, if you don't want to read the history, just skip
past the second chunk of history for the Leader, and you'll get to the
analysis of the AI Leader.
All scales are out of 10, the closer to 10 they are, the more likely they
are going to use that type of approach to whatever the scale is on.
Leader Scales
Victory Competitiveness - 4/10
Wonder Competitiveness - 7/10
City State Competitiveness - 4/10
Boldness - 3/10
Harun is very competitive in terms of building wonders, he is one of the
mostly likely leaders to compete in terms of building Wonders, so if you
want those Hanging Gardens in your city, you will really want to build them
quick, Harun will also want them, the race is on. He is interesting in the
city states, as well as aiming for victory conditions, but not as much as

some other leaders. And he isn't the type to go demanding what he wants or
tries to get his way.
Diplomacy Scales
War - 3/10
Hostile - 5/10
Deceptive - 7/10
Guarded - 7/10
Afraid - 5/10
Friendly - 6/10
Neutral - 5/10
Harun is more likely to use deception and be guarded, he is likely to play
all nice, and offer you some trade agreements, such as a research pact to
remove your gold reserves, or be guarded, not giving anything away. He is
friendly somewhat, if the price is right. He is least likely to go to war
to get what he wants, which is nice. No one likes war, unless you start to
piss me off.
City State Scales
Ignore Others - 3/10
Friendly - 6/10
Protective - 7/10
Conquest - 4/10

Harun will be more willing to build up a strong alliance with the city
states, and offer to protect them, so that if you were to declare war on the
city state, they will declare war on you, and then there will be some real
issues. He will, on occasion, take their lands for his own personal gain
though.
Ground Military Scales
Offensive - 4/10
Defensive - 6/10
City Defence - 6/10
Military Training - 5/10
Reconnaissance - 5/10
Ranged - 7/10
Mounted - 6/10
When you are going to face his army, Harun will be playing the defensive
side. He is more likely to used ranged units, such as archers and his camel
archers, which will be harder to counter with melee units, and will be using
a fair amount of mounted units. He will scout out your area though, and he
will be training his troops through buildings such as barracks. When you
decide to advance, make sure you bring enough to smash his defences.
Naval Scales
Naval - 4/10

Naval Reconnaissance - 4/10
Naval Growth - 4/10
Naval Tile Improvement - 4/10
Harun isn't a powerful naval user, he is more likely to just use the seas to
transport his forces, not to use them to bombard your cities, which is nice
if you have a fair amount of coastal cities.
Air Scale
Air Power - 3/10
When it comes for the time for air power to dominate, Harun won't be using
his air units to his advantage. He won't be sending helicopter gunships to
rain on your parade, or bombers to blow up your city. Something nice to know
at least.
Growth Scales
Expansion - 5/10
Growth - 5/10
Tile Improvement - 6/10
Infrastructure - 5/10
Production - 5/10
Gold - 8/10
Science - 7/10

Culture - 6/10
Harun will concentrate mainly on gold production, apt given that his special
power is to do with gold, but he will focus on science and culture as well,
which makes him fast to research new technology as well as adopting new social
policy. In terms of improvements, he will build them, but he will build them
to improve gold first, and gold foremost.
Civilisation Scales
Happiness - 7/10
Great People - 6/10
Wonder - 6/10
Diplomacy - 5/10
Spaceship - 8/10
Despite his inability to use air power well, he will nearly always go for the
spaceship victory, building and completing the Apollo project, which is very
handy when you are facing him, he will be less likely to kill you than to
build up his little spaceship, which drains his production from units to kill
you with.
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
[3.02] Aztecs
Leader - Montezuma

Unique Unit 1 - Jaguar Warrior, replaces Warrior
Unique Building - Floating Gardens, replaces Watermill
Civilization Power
SACRIFICIAL CAPTIVES
- Gain Culture for each enemy unit killed
~ History
"The Aztecs were a Native American civilization that occupied central Mexico
for roughly one hundred years in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Aztecs
ruled a mighty empire and possessed a rich culture, producing some of the
most impressive pre-Colombian architecture in North America. Today the Aztecs
are best remembered for the bloodiness of their religious practices and
rapidity with which they collapsed in the face of external assault.
The Aztec Empire was located in the "Mesa Central" or central plateau in the
heart of modern Mexico (Mexico City is built atop the ruins of the Aztec
capital city of Tenochitlan.) The Valley of Mexico is dominated by a number
of conjoined lakes: Zumpango, Xaltocan, Texcoco, Xochimilco, and Chalco. The
area features abundant rainfall and a temperate climate, and the land is
incredibly fertile.
The origin of the Aztec people is uncertain, but their origin stories suggest
they were a tribe of hunter-gatherers on the northern Mexican plateau before

they migrated down to Meso-America in the 12th century. The word "Aztec"
comes from "Aztlan" ("White Land"), an allusion to northern Mexico. The
Aztecs reached central Mexico sometime around 1250; what happened to them
before that period is mostly speculation and myth.
At the time of the Aztecs' arrival, the population of central Mexico was
divided between hundreds of small tribes or city-states, the most important
of which were the Azcapotzalco and the Culhuacan. During the early period the
Aztecs were vassals of the Azcapotzalco, who in 1325 gave them permission to
settle on a small island in Lake Texcoco, where they founded their capital
city, Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs remained subject to the Azcapotzalcos for
around 100 years.
By the fifteenth century, the Azcapotzalcos had become a strong regional
power. In 1427 the Azcapotzalco leader, Maxtla, had the Aztec leader
Chimalpopca assassinated and laid siege to the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.
To defeat the Azcapotzalcos, Chimalpopca's successor Itzcoatl allied with two
other powerful city-states, Texcoco and Tlacopan. The allies successfully
raised the siege of Tenochtitlan and shortly thereafter conquered the
Azcapotzalcos themselves.
Over the next century the "Triple Alliance" would come to control all of
central Mexico, eventually extending its power across the entirety of the
country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Tenochtitlan would become the
dominant member in the alliance, making the Aztecs de facto rulers of a vast
continental empire.
In 1440, Montezuma I succeeded his uncle Itzcoatl to become ruler of the
Aztecs. During his reign Montezuma solidified the Triple Alliance. He
extended the Alliance's control to the Gulf coast, subjugating the Totonac

and the Huastic people. He also led successful campaigns against other
neighbors, including the Mixtecs, Cotaxtla, and Orizaba. (It's important not
to confuse Montezuma I with his unfortunate and incompetent namesake,
Montezuma II, about whom see below). Montezuma I died in 1469. For more
details on Montezuma I, see his Civilopedia entry.
While Montezuma I held the throne, his half-brother Tlacaelel was engaged in
reforming the Aztec state. He literally rewrote the Aztec religion, according
to some sources ordering the burning of hundreds of texts because of
historical inaccuracies. Under Tlacaelel, the Aztec religion stated that the
Aztecs were chosen people, destined to be above all others. Tlacaelel also
emphasized the importance of militarism and ritual sacrifice in the Aztec
religion, a change which would have far-reaching and devastating effects upon
the Aztecs and the region as a whole. Tlacaelel oversaw the creation of many
temples and religious buildings, including the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan,
dedicated to the Aztec god of war Huitzilopochtli.
Politically, Tlacaelel was one of the architects of the Triple Alliance. He
is said to have ordered the burning of conquered people's histories to ensure
that his people's worldview was dominant. He also strengthened the Aztec
nobility and priesthood at the expense of the peasants.
Tlacaelel died in 1487, probably much to the relief of Central American
historians everywhere.
At the height of its power, the Aztec Empire dominated an area of nearly
200,000 square miles (slightly under a third the size of modern Mexico), with
some five to six million subjects. Somewhat like the Mongols, the Aztecs left
the subject tribes to their own devices as long as the requisite tribute was
paid. The Aztecs were great traders, and Aztec merchants happily did business

with allies and enemies alike. Lacking a monetary system, trade was based
upon the barter system.
Possessing no draft animals or wheeled vehicles, the Aztecs constructed a
vast road network designed for foot travel. In addition to merchants, these
roads were in constant use by soldiers and military couriers, making them
safe enough for women to travel on alone.
The Aztec religion as revised by Tlacaelel believed that a steady stream of
sacrifice was required to keep the universe operating properly. Sacrifice
was required to keep the rain falling, the crops growing, the sun rising, and
so forth. Sins were expiated by sacrifice. The Aztecs sacrificed animals,
wealth, food, their own blood - and human beings. The Aztecs claimed that
they sacrificed over 80,000 prisoners to reconsecrate the Great Pyramid of
Tenochtitlan in 1487, though many historians believe this to be a massive
exaggeration, with 5,000 or fewer being the most that would be logistically
possible given the size of the sacrificial table. Even if the smaller number
is closer to the truth, that's still quite a lot of blood and beating hearts
to deal with.
The Aztec religion placed a premium upon the sacrifice of enemy warriors
captured in battle, which became something of a problem once the Empire had
conquered pretty much everybody within reach. This led to a form of
ritualized combat known as the "Flower Wars," under which two sides would
meet at a prescribed time and place for the specific purpose of battling to
acquire prisoners. Once the battle was over, each side would take their
prisoners back to their cities for religious sacrifice.
In 1502 the ninth emperor Montezuma II (1502-1520) succeeded his uncle
Ahuitzotl as the ruler of an empire that had reached its greatest extent,

stretching from what is now northern Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua. The
Aztec empire was still expanding, and its society still evolving, when its
progress was halted in 1519 by the appearance of Spanish adventurers on the
Gulf Coast.
In February of 1519, Hernan Cortes led an expedition into Central America,
leading a force of 500 men, 13 horses and a small number of cannon. In
mid-August he marched on Tenochtitlan after burning his ships to discourage
retreat. Along the way he gathered many Native American allies eager to
assist in the downfall of the hated Aztecs.
According to Spanish records, Cortes was greatly assisted in his conquest by
Aztec religious traditions that said that the God Quetzalcoatl would return
as a white man from across the water. The Aztecs were not certain if Cortes
was Quetzalcoatl, which made them reluctant to fight him. Cortes' godhood was
further confirmed by his command of horses, dogs, firearms and cannon which
the Aztecs had never seen, and which at first naturally terrified them.
By the time Cortes reached Tenochtitlan, he had a huge following of native
allies. Montezuma II welcomed the Spaniards into the city peacefully,
whereupon Cortes made him prisoner. Through Montezuma Cortes ordered the
Aztecs to provide the Spanish with huge amounts of treasure. Eventually, the
Aztecs stoned Montezuma to death and drove the Spanish out of their capital,
but Cortes got reinforcements and returned, laying siege to the city. In 1521
the city fell and was razed, and in August the last ruler of the Aztecs was
captured.
The Empire was vanquished, destroyed by ambitious foreigners with advanced
weapons who took advantage of the native majority's hatred for their Aztec
overlords. Unfortunately for the natives, the Spanish were not especially

nicer to their subject people and it would be some time before they would
once again be free from oppression and once again have some control over
their own destinies."
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ITXPfHltRg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnRrTEFZs60
2 Videos that any self-respecting Civ Fan must watch, who hasn't had one-more-turn-
itis? No one, that who. Anyway, the Aztecs are a funny bunch, they are
especially strong in terms of war, given their special power. They have the
best in terms of early starts, they will get the Jaguar Warriot, which is
superior to the normal warrior, and they will get the Floating Gardens,
which gives 15% more food and 2 extra food for each worked lake tile as long
as the city is located next to a river or lake.
Montezuma
~ History
"A mighty warrior and leader, Montezuma I helped propel the Aztec nation to
greatness and glory. He should not be confused with his unfortunate grandson
Montezuma II, who watched helplessly as his empire was dismantled by Spanish
Conquistadors.
Montezuma (whose name means "he frowns like a lord") came from a royal
family. His father Huitzilihuitl was the second Aztec "tlatoani" or emperor,
and his mother, Miahuaxihuitl, was the daughter of the ruler of the city of
Cuauhnahuac. Following his father's death, Montezuma's uncle Itzcoatl was
elected. Montezuma's older brother Tlacaelel was one of Itzcoatl's closest

advisors, while Montezuma served as a general in the Aztec army.
Following Itzcoatl's death in 1440, Montezuma was elected emperor. Tlacaelel
did not seem at all unhappy about being bypassed (perhaps he thought he'd
live longer if he didn't get the crown), and by all accounts he served his
brother faithfully. Montezuma's coronation was a huge ceremony involving the
sacrifice of many prisoners.
Despite the opulence of his political title, it appears that Montezuma
himself lived modestly, in a simple palace with "just a few wives." When not
engaged in religious duties or matters of state, he spent much of his time in
consultation with his friends and advisors.
During his reign Montezuma and his brother Tlacaelel worked to improve the
Aztec city Tenochtitlan. Among other improvements they constructed an
aqueduct system which brought a good deal of fresh water into the city. Of
course as Tenochtitlan grew, in addition to fresh water it required ever
greater amounts of food to sustain its hungry population. Since Central
America lacked draft animals, every single morsel of food had to be
transported to the city on somebody's back. Montezuma's government employed
state inspectors to ensure that every piece of arable land within walking
distance was planted and maintained. He also ordered the construction of a
dike system to alleviate flooding and to provide more farmland.
Montezuma and his brother also constructed many temples in and around the
city, including a new temple to Huitzilopochtli, the god of battle. The
temple of Huitzilopochtli was consecrated in 1455 with the sacrifice of a
large number of Huaxtec prisoners of war.
Probably at the urging of his brother, Tlacaelel, Montezuma instituted

Sumptuary Laws which codified and reinforced the already-stratified Aztec
class system. A person's station in life determined what he or she could
wear and how he or she could speak. The poor were not allowed to wear cotton
cloth, sandals or any clothing that extended below the knee. Only the
nobility could live in homes of greater than one story. Crimes were punished
by slavery, the lowest of all classes, or by being sacrificed.
During Montezuma's rule, his brother Tlacaelel worked on reforming the Aztec
religion. He rewrote the Aztec religious texts, ordering the destruction of
many others which did not agree with his interpretations of the Aztec history
and religion. Under Tlacaelel the Aztec religion became more militaristic,
demanding ever more sacrifices of captured enemy soldiers. The need for
prisoners for sacrifice would over time become one of the driving forces
behind Aztec foreign policy.
As ruler Montezuma sought to strengthen the "Triple Alliance" between the
Central Mexican city-states of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tlacopan. He also
expanded the Aztec empire by conquering Panuco, the Totonacs, Coatzocoalcos
and the Chalca. Some theorize that he conquered the tribes for their tribute,
hoping to ensure a continuous food supply for Tenochtitlan, which despite his
best efforts continued to suffer from periodic famine. Another theory is that
he did so to feed the Aztec religion's every-chronic need for prisoners of
war to sacrifice. Yet another theory is that he did it because that's what
Aztec Emperors did - conquer stuff. The answer is likely to be something of
a combination of all three theories.
Montezuma died in 1469. He was succeeded by his 19-year-old cousin,
Axayacatl, who would be the father of Montezuma I's namesake, the unfortunate
Montezuma II who would lose everything to Spain.

Generally, Montezuma was a successful ruler. He expanded his empire,
personally led his armies to victory, and worked hard to improve the lot of
his people. He certainly was a bloody man, personally sacrificing thousands
of prisoners to his thirsty gods. But his religion said such barbarity was
necessary - blood was required to ensure that the sun would rise, the crops
would grow, and the Aztec nation would continue to prosper.
Could he have cut back on the ritualized murder? Possibly. But the thought
might never have occurred to him - or anybody else in the area at the time.
It's useful to remember that the more "enlightened" people of Europe were
busily burning heretics alive at roughly the same time. And while that
doesn't in any way make Montezuma's actions any better, at least it puts them
in some kind of context."
Montezuma is very aggressive, and when you watch that video, you will figure
that he expands and conquers all those who get in his path. So if you are
near him in terms of civilization, you might want to build up some defences and
have units around him 24/7, just to make sure he doesn't pull off anything
sneaky on you.
Leader Scales
Boldness - 8/10
Montezuma isn't going to compete with you on Wonders, but he will compete for

the favours from the City States, but what really does set him out is his
boldness. He will demand what he wants, if he doesn't get it, he will get very
pissed, and will be, as you will see later, declare war on you.
Diplomacy Scales
War - 7/10
Hostile - 6/10
Deceptive - 7/10
Guarded - 5/10
Afraid - 7/10
Friendly - 4/10
Neutral - 5/10
Montezuma is one that deals with strength. When he meets you, he is more
likely to declare war on you, and be willing to deceive you and then declare
war, rather than to be friends with you and be involved in a group hug.
However, build up an army strong enough to match him stride for stride, or
declare war on him with a superior force, and he will back down. It is
either put up or shut up with Montezuma.
City State Scales
Friendly - 5/10
Protective - 3/10
Conquest - 7/10

Montezuma isn't there to be friendly towards the city states, he is there to
conquer them. He is one of the most likely leaders to attack the city states
and take them over. He will ignore what others are doing towards the city
states, which will tend to get him into more wars than necessary, but that is
his culture, no to respect others. Beside, he only sees the city state as a
small city with a few military units, not looking at the protector with a
few hundred riflemen on their borders.
Offensive - 8/10
Defensive - 3/10
City Defence - 4/10
Ranged - 5/10
Mounted - 5/10
Montezuma will focus on his ground units a lot. He will focus on the offensive
units, anything that can be used to attack, he will use it. He will scout out
your lands, and then send in units, including siege units, to march on your
lands. However, the lack of defence will help you significantly, you will be
able to easily take over his lands once you defeat his standing army.
Naval Scales

Naval - 3/10
Naval Growth - 4/10
Montezuma will, by large, neglect his naval units significantly. He will be
more likely to use them as a support role at most, but more likely, the extent
of his naval prowess will be to ship units across the sea to set your cities
on fire.
Air Scale
Air Power - 4/10
Air power isn't something that is on Montezuma's mind, he isn't there to use
air units as an offensive strategy, rather, as best, support. And that's a
good thing, bombers aren't the best thing you want to face when they decide
to rain death on your cities.
Growth Scales
Expansion - 8/10
Growth - 5/10

Production - 5/10
Gold - 5/10
Science - 4/10
Culture - 5/10
The only thing that stands out, above average, is that Montezuma expands and
he will expand aggressively. This is why he is one of the most hated enemy
leaders to face, he will expand and declare war to gain land, and he does
not build an economy to match that expansion. It is nice to note that he
isn't that tech inclined though, so whilst you will be using riflemen, he
will still be stuck using Jaguar Warriors.
Civilisation Scales
Happiness - 6/10
Great People - 5/10
Wonder - 6/10
Diplomacy - 5/10
Spaceship - 7/10
For someone who doesn't like to tech up, he will go for the spaceship
victory, more often than not, although it will take him a fairly long time
to get there. This is quite good, although his armies marchingn into your
land isn't that good.
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
[3.03] China

Leader - Wu Zetian
Unique Unit 1 - Chu-Ko-Nu, replaces Crossbowman
Unique Building - Paper Maker, replaces Library
Civilization Power
ART OF WAR
- Great General effective and spawn rate increased
~ History
"Summarizing the rich history of China in several paragraphs is a daunting
task indeed. China is a civilization spanning some six thousand years and
comprising a large fraction of humanity. There is evidence of man's
prehistoric ancestors living in China some two million years ago, and modern
man has lived in the area for at least 18,000 years, possibly much longer.
Geographically, China can be divided into three main areas: the mountainous
highlands of the west, the rugged south, and the eastern lowlands bordering
the Yellow and East China Seas. Bisected by a number of major rivers, the
incredibly fertile lowlands have been the center of power in China, and
whoever controls that area controls Western Asia.
The Xia Dynasty is the earliest known centralized political entity in China.

While the specific dates of the dynasty remain open to debate, many reputable
scholars agree that the Xia existed from around 2000 BC to 1600 BC. The Xia
did not control all of China; their power was largely centered in northern
China, the area which would eventually become known as Manchuria. The Xia
were eventually overtaken by the Shang, who lasted from around the 18th to
the 12th century BC. The Shang were in turn ousted by the Zhou, who held
power until around the 9th century BC. From the 9th century to the 2nd China
suffered through the unending agony of near-constant civil war during the
so-called Spring and Autumn period, which in turn was followed by the Warring
States period. Eventually, in the second century BC, the Qin Dynasty
conquered its rivals and established the first truly unified Chinese state.
Their successors, the Han, introduced the office of the Emperor, the single
leader who would rule all of China.
Over the succeeding centuries China would be ruled by the Tang and the Song
dynasties. In 1271 AD the country would be conquered by the Mongol leader
Kublai Khan, who would begin his own dynasty, known as the Yuan. A century
later, the Yuan would be overthrown and the Ming dynasty would gain power,
lasting until the 16th century AD. The Qing replaced the Ming, ruling until
1912 AD, when the Republic of China was established. The Republic lasted
some fifty years, until it was overtaken by the People's Republic of China
in 1949. As of this writing, the People's Republic remains China's current
ruler.
A creative and innovative people, China has given the world some of the most
important inventions in history, including paper, gunpowder, the compass, and
movable type. (This section is mandatory whenever Chinese history is
discussed, in case you were wondering. It's a law.)
Throughout much of its history China has remained an insular and isolated

civilization, largely ignoring - and ignored by - the rest of the world. This
was not difficult, as for many centuries China long held a distinct
technological and military edge over any and all external foes. And any
threats it could not defeat militarily (such as the Mongols, who conquered
China in 1271), it simply absorbed into its own dominant culture.
This changed during the 18th and 19th centuries. By this period, the European
powers and Japan had achieved a significant technological advantage over the
Chinese. This edge, combined with vastly superior naval forces, better
armaments, superior communications and advanced military tactics, allowed the
foreign powers to dominate much of the rich Chinese coastal cities, where
they could engage in extremely profitable business (including the infamous
opium trade). The weak and corrupt Chinese central government was unable to
oust the hated foreigners, who remained until most were driven out by the
Japanese during and following World War II.
Emerging triumphant over the Nationalists shortly after World War II, the
Communist government spent the subsequent fifty years consolidating power,
modernizing infrastructure, and improving the lives and education of its vast
population, a process which included a number of massive missteps, including
the idiotic "Cultural Revolution" which did its best to destroy China's
intellectuals. In the past 40 years China has emerged as a major world power,
an economic behemoth which will soon dwarf all other economies including the
once unstoppable United States.
China is not without its difficulties, however. Much of its energy is
expended simply supporting its huge and growing population base. Pollution
is becoming a major problem as more and more factories are built, and more
and more automobiles are clogging the bigger cities. Tibet - which depending
upon your point of view is either a captive nation or an integral part of

China - remains an open wound and major political distraction for China. None
of these are insurmountable, though, and China stands poised to dominate the
21st century."
The Middle Kingdom, China is a powerful nation to play. With the Paper Maker,
you will get a nice boost to your gold reserves, since it does give you some
gold per turn as well. The Chu-Ku-No is a very nice unit, it has the ability
to attack TWICE and as a ranged unit, it will be effective in removing the
biggest threat, the Longswordsmen, at a distance before they have a chance
to strike. The Art of War will allow you to get Great General quicker, and
this is useful for 2 reasons, the ability to build Citadels, and more
importantly, the source of a new Golden Age.
Wu Zetian
~ History
"Like most civilizations, China has been male-dominated throughout much of its
history. Until very recently, women were afforded few rights, and direct
power was all but totally denied to them. For a woman to attain the rank of
Emperor, to become the most powerful person in China, was almost unheard of.
Only one person in the entirety of Chinese history was able to do so. That
person was Wu Zetian, one of the most remarkable rulers - female or male -
the world has ever seen.
A shockingly beautiful child, at the age of 13 (in approx. 639 AD) Wu became
a concubine of Emperor Taizong. She did not have any children with the
Emperor, and at his death in 649 she left the palace to become a Buddhist
nun, as was common for childless concubines at the time. That should have

been the end of her story. However, Fate was to give her another chance at
glory.
Like much of Chinese politics of the day, this gets extremely complicated.
Empress Wang, the wife of the current Emperor Gaozong (son of the late
Emperor Taizon), was afraid that Gaozong was becoming too infatuated with
Consort Xiao. This was indeed a matter of some concern, as consorts had in
the past been known to supplant empresses, who were often killed as a result.
To divert her husband's attentions from Consort Xiao, the Empress had Wu -
who was still young and beautiful - returned to the palace and reinstated as
Consort.
This tactic was a complete success - too complete, in fact, for in a few
years she had supplanted both Consort Xiao and Empress Wang in Emperor
Gaozong's affections. Both ladies were killed, and she attained the rank of
Empress. Some historians believe that she killed her own infant daughter and
framed the Empress for the murder. While this is not proven, subsequent
events have suggested that such an act was well within her scope.
As Empress Consort, Wu moved quickly to consolidate her power. Forging
alliances with certain powerful officials, she had those who opposed her
demoted, exiled, or killed. She was an able advisor to the Emperor, and he
delegated more authority to her as time passed. By 660 AD, the Emperor began
to suffer from a debilitating illness (which some said was caused from slow
poisoning by Wu), and he passed much of the day-to-day management of the
Empire to Wu, who was then about thirty-five years old. Wu showed herself to
be an able administrator, with sharp wit and extensive knowledge of history
and literature. She also showed a remarkable ability to seek out and destroy
those who plotted against her as well as those who might someday pose a
threat. When Emperor Gaozong died in 683, she was inarguably the most

powerful person in China.
Following Gaozong's death, Wu's son Zhongzong became Emperor. He immediately
began displaying troubling signs of independence, including appointing
officials to important posts without consulting with his mother. This
threatened to undermine Wu's power base, and she took decisive action.
Zhongzong was deposed and exiled, and Wu's youngest son, Ruizong, became
Emperor. Taking no chances this time, however, Wu kept the new Emperor in
virtual isolation. Having no doubt learned from the unhappy example of his
older brother, the titular Emperor kept very quiet and did nothing to offend
the Dowager Empress.
In 690 AD, Wu took the throne herself, her son Ruizong reduced in title to
Crown Prince. This caused a certain amount of displeasure among
traditionalists, which Wu handled in her usually efficient and brutal manner.
She expanded the powers of the secret police, who answered directly to her,
and hundreds were exiled, imprisoned or murdered. She held this post for some
15 years, until, at the age of 80 and seriously ill, she was deposed. She
died later the same year.
As a leader, Wu was considered to be an able administrator and shrewd judge
of character. She promoted and supported able men, and in return she received
their firm loyalty. Generals appointed by her conquered Korea, adding that
wealthy land to the Empire. She was quick to destroy any she saw as a threat,
and the early years of her reign as Emperor were bloody and repressive, even
by Chinese standards. As she grew more secure in her throne, however, she
reined in the secret police, and even her enemies grudgingly praised her for
her competence and decisiveness.
In short, her rule was benevolent to those who were no challenge to her, and

lethal to those who were. All in all, Wu Zetian remains one of the most
fascinating rulers in history, and well worth further study."
Leader Scales
Boldness - 7/10
The Dowager Empress isn't there to win ultimately, she is there to make your
life as miserable as possible. She will strongly compete to take and corrupt
the City States, as well as making relatively bold moves. She is someone you
want as an ally, not as an enemy, because she isn't a big threat as an enemy.
Diplomacy Scales
War - 4/10
Hostile - 6/10
Deceptive - 7/10
Guarded - 7/10
Afraid - 5/10
Friendly - 7/10
Neutral - 5/10
Wu Zetian is about as likely to hate you as she is to love you. She is either
friendly towards you in the game, or she is going to threaten you with her

armies. She is willing to use deception to get her way, such as decoy
agreements to drain your gold and resources, and is willing to defend her
lands.
City State Scales
Friendly - 6/10
Protective - 7/10
Conquest - 5/10
Wu Zetian is quite protective of the City States, she will be friends with
them and then protect them, so declaring war on them will lead to you
declaring war on her. However, that doesn't exclude her from conquering
the city states, she just prefers to make them her pawns, rather than to
send her troops needlessly against them.
Offensive - 5/10
Defensive - 7/10
City Defence - 5/10
Ranged - 7/10
Mounted - 5/10

Given that the unique unit is a ranged unit, you can gather that Ranged Units
are going to be a big hit with Empress Wu. She is more than willing to use
ranged units, so you are going to have to quickly take them out with your
mounted cavalry units or attain first strike. She is also quite likely to
play real defensive, so don't be surprised to see walls all around her cities
with garrison within them.
Naval Scales
Naval - 5/10
Naval Growth - 5/10
Empress Wu isn't afraid to use naval units, which isn't a bad sign, but you
don't have to worry about her to use a navy as a real threat, to her, a navy
under her control will be there to support naval invasions or bombardments,
but it isn't her main strike weapon.
Air Scale
Air Power - 3/10
Empress Wu won't really use air units as much as other nations would, she is
more likely to use a ground force to blow something up, rather than a nice

shiny stealth bomber.
Growth Scales
Expansion - 4/10
Growth - 8/10
Production - 5/10
Gold - 5/10
Science - 8/10
Culture - 6/10
The Chinese are really big on growing nice big cities, so you can expect them
to concentrate most of their effects around resource tiles related to food
production. They are likely to have big cities, and that means big production
and gold production. Also, they are very quick to tech up, given their unique
building, and will adopt social policies quickly as well, so you might want
to keep an eye out for them.
Civilisation Scales
Happiness - 6/10
Great People - 6/10
Wonder - 6/10
Diplomacy - 3/10
Spaceship - 8/10

As you can see, Wu Zetian isn't really interested in a diplomatic victory, the
UN? Screw the United Nations, more like Useless Notion! Anyway, they are most
likely to develop a space program and shoot of into the stars, and given their
quick growth and tech growth, that is a pretty credible threat, so if a space
victory is an option, you might want to keep an eye on them, and declare war
if you want to stop them from winning.
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
[3.04] Egypt
Leader - Ramesses the Great
Unique Unit 1 - War Chariot, replaces Chariot Archer
Unique Building - Burial Tomb, replaces Temple
Civilization Power
MONUMENT BUILDERS
- Wonders are constructed 20% Faster
~ History
"Few civilizations have left such an indelible mark on history as that of
Egypt. Living astride the mighty Nile River for some 5,000 years, Egypt is

one of the oldest surviving civilizations on the planet. Among many other
firsts, Egypt is credited with the invention of writing around 3000 BC. Using
sophisticated mathematics, Egyptian scholars plotted the movement of the
planets with great precision. And of course, the Egyptians were the ancient
world's greatest architects, creating monuments and temples that still awe
and inspire us today.
Egypt is a riparian (river-based) civilization lying alongside the Nile,
which, at some 4000 miles in length, is the longest river on the planet.
Egypt occupies the northern section of this river in a narrow but extremely
fertile corridor running through otherwise harsh desert terrain of the North
African Sahara desert. While the physical area of Egypt extended a great
distance to the east and west, the vast majority of that terrain is empty
useless desert, and through its history almost all Egyptians have lived
within walking distance of the river.
Until the implementation of damming projects in the 20th century, the Nile
flooded its banks in the summer of every year. Egyptian farmers relied on
these floods to bring water and fresh nutrients to their fields, and a dry
year could easily spell famine and disaster to the population. The Nile also
provided a good deal of protein to the Egyptians, who were adept fishermen
and who early on mastered the construction and handling of small watercraft.
The Mediterranean Sea lies to the north of Egypt. A mild and generous sea,
the Mediterranean encourages exploration and trade between all civilizations
who live on its borders.
The first settlers of the Nile valley are thought to have arrived around 7000
BC, driven to the river as climate change turned the surrounding once-fertile
lands to desert. By 5000 BC crops were being raised in local settlements

along the river, and as agriculture improved the settlements grew in size and
power. Luxury items such as mortuary pottery, copper ornaments, beads, and
cosmetics begin to be seen in burial sites from that period, suggesting a
significant growth in wealth and leisure in the culture.
Increased wealth also allowed for the creation and maintenance of military
forces which could be used to conquer other nearby cultures. By approximately
3000 BC much of Egypt was unified. The first king mentioned in the historical
records is Menes, who founded the capital Memphis, is credited with many
irrigation works. His "First Dynasty" would last for some two centuries.
The First and Second and Dynasties are known collectively as the "Early
Dynastic Period" and last from approximately 3100 BC to 2600 BC. During this
period Egypt extended its control south along the Nile and east and west
along the coast of the Mediterranean.
This period spans the years from approximately 2600 BC to 2100 BC. The Old
Kingdom period is best known for the large number of pyramids constructed as
tombs for pharaohs. Egyptian vessels traveled the Mediterranean and Red Seas,
trading for items such as food, spices and Lebanese cedar, as well as
luxuries like myrrh (a type of incense), ebony, and gold. The Old Kingdom
ended when a severe drought caused the collapse of the central government,
already weakened by corruption and civil war.
The Old Kingdom Period is followed by the First Intermediate Period, then the
Middle Kingdom Period, the Second Intermediate Period, the New Kingdom
Period, the Third Intermediate Period, then the Late Period. During these
periods (lasting from 2100 BC to perhaps 600 BC) the Egyptian government
would rise and fall several times, and periods of strife and internal
conflict would be followed by periods of great peace and prosperity. External

foes would invade when Egypt was weakened, and the pharaohs would extend
their empire when Egypt was strong.
In 525 BC Egypt was captured by Persia, who would control the country until
it was taken by Alexander the Great in 332 BC as he systematically dismantled
the Persian Empire. After Alexander's death the Greeks established the
Ptolmeic Dynasty.
The able Ptolemies ruled in an unbroken line until the death of Cleopatra VII
in 30 BC. Her suicide marked the end of Pharaonic rule and the beginning of
Egypt's centuries as a Roman and Byzantine province. Although swept by the
Islamic tide in 642 AD, Egypt was to remain under foreign occupation -
Arabic, Ottoman, French, and British - until after World War I, when she
finally gained her independence from a British administration weary of
overseas conflict. From 1922 through 1952, Egypt appeared to be one of the
world's most successful constitutional monarchies. But it was ripe for
revolution; the military coup of July 1952 led by Gamal Nasser, ironically,
finally made Egypt an island of stability in a turbulent Middle East.
Egypt's mastery of monumental architecture is virtually unmatched in history.
The Egyptians were also great sculptors, creating many quite beautiful
statues of their pharaohs and gods. They also made beautiful and delicate
works of gold, jewels and other precious metals, many of which have been
discovered in tombs and vaults. Actually, much of Egyptian culture and arts
seems to have been dedicated to death, entombment and the afterlife (or
perhaps art on those subjects was most likely to have been entombed and thus
has survived better than non-death-related artwork).
Religion was extremely important to Egyptian society. The religion has an
incredibly rich pantheon of gods, and a detailed and complex creation mythos.

The pharaoh was both a man and a god, and he was responsible for interceding
with the gods on his subjects' behalf. The priests also served as the
society's civil servants. (If the Egyptians ever heard of the concept of
separation of church and state, they wanted nothing to do with it.) The
Egyptians believed in an afterlife for those judged worthy, and they believed
in sorcery and magic. Many historians believe that the Egyptians saw the
pyramids as pathways to the realm of the gods for those buried inside.
Clearly, it is impossible to do justice to a 5000-year-old civilization in
the space of these short paragraphs. At her height Egypt was a mighty,
continent-spanning empire, whose scientific and cultural advancements brought
incalculable benefits to humanity. And its greatest works, the pyramids, can
still astonish the modern viewer, much as they did to those who saw them
4,000 years ago."
Egypt is very useful to play if you are to build Wonders. 20% off the actual
production cost of wonders is useful, and couple that with the effects of
marble and one of the social policies, and you will be building the wonders
like they were normal buildings. The War Chariot is nice, it doesn't require
you to have access to horses to build, and there is improved movement. But
the best is the Burial Tomb, besides improving culture like a normal temple,
it will give 2 Happiness as well, and trust me, that gets VERY USEFUL later
in the game. But this comes at the cost of double pillage gold for the enemy
when they capture the city.
Ramesses the Great
~ History

"Ramesses II is considered to be Egypt's greatest and most powerful pharaoh.
Taking the throne in his twenties, Ramesses ruled Egypt for more than 60
years. Ramesses is remembered as a great military leader as well as for the
extensive construction programs he instituted. He is also remembered for
building a new capital city, Pi-Ramesses. Some historians believe that
Ramesses is the pharaoh in the biblical story of Moses.
Egypt having recently emerged from a period of declining power and prestige,
Ramesses' father, Seti I, spent a good deal of time subduing rebellious
provinces in Asia. The Hittites, based in Asia Minor, were extending their
power southward, and the two great civilizations were engaged in a protracted
struggle for control of Syria and Palestine. The young Ramesses accompanied
his father on some of these campaigns; by the age of 10 he was given the rank
of captain - though this was almost certainly ceremonial, it does suggest
that his military training began at an extremely young age. Ramesses assumed
the throne in his early twenties, following his father's death.
Four years after becoming pharaoh, Ramesses led an army north to retake the
rebellious provinces that his father had been unable to conquer. The campaign
was apparently successful, and the army advanced as far as Beirut.
In the following year Ramesses attacked the Hittite stronghold at Kadesh. The
Battle of Kadesh is one of the few battles from that period of which we have
records. Believing the citadel to be abandoned, Ramesses approached
incautiously and was ambushed by a large Hittite chariot force hiding beyond
the fort. Although Ramesses achieved a marginal victory in that battle, his
army was so weakened that he had to retreat to Egypt, leaving the fort in
Hittite hands. Ramesses continued to battle the Hittites for some twelve more
years, attaining tactical victories, but unable to hold the contested land
for any time.

In addition to his wars with the Hittites, Ramesses campaigned in Nubia and
Libya, extending his rule to the west and south. However these were of much
less importance as these enemies posed little threat to the survival of
Egypt.
Eventually realizing that further combat was pointless, in the twenty-first
year of his reign, Ramesses agreed to a peace treaty with the Hittites. This
is the earliest known peace treaty in recorded history. Interestingly, the
treaty was written in two versions: the Egyptian version states that the
Hittites sued for peace while the Hittite version states that it was the
Egyptians who requested an end to hostilities.
This treaty appears to have stabilized the borders between the two great
powers, and no further combat between Egypt and the Hittites occurred during
Ramesses' reign.
Early in his reign Ramesses moved his capital from Thebes north to a city in
the Nile Delta, which he renamed "Pi-Ramesses ." The new location was near to
his ancestral home, but more importantly it was far closer to the troublesome
Northern provinces and the dangerous Hittite border. In a few short years the
once-sleepy village was transformed into a major governmental center as well
as an arms manufactory. The city was graced with a beautiful palace and many
temples, as well as numerous statues and other ornaments.
Pi-Ramesses was abandoned long after Ramesses' reign. For many centuries the
site was lost, but archeologists have recently discovered ruins that they
believe belong to the ancient city.
During his reign Ramesses constructed many public works across Egypt. Many of

these were temples and monuments, but he also constructed storehouses,
government buildings, water works, and so forth. Evidently a tireless
self-promoter, Ramesses covered Egypt with statues and carvings of himself,
often recarving those of previous pharaohs with his name and image. (Ramesses
ordered his masons to deeply engrave his image in the stone so that future
pharaohs would have trouble doing the same to him.)
Many historians believe that Pi-Ramesses is the city "Raamses" mentioned in
the Old Testament of the Bible, one of the "Treasure Cities" constructed by
the Israelites during their Egyptian Captivity. Some believe that Ramesses is
in fact the pharaoh of the Biblical story of the Exodus, the ruler who Moses
forced to free his people. However, this is open to debate (particularly
since Ramesses II lived a very long life and emphatically did not drown in
the Red Sea).
Ramesses died at the age of 90. He was buried in a tomb in the Valley of the
Kings, but he was later moved to a secret location. His body was discovered
in the late 19th century and is now on display in the Cairo Museum. It is
difficult to guess whether the pharaoh would be outraged by the desecration
or if he would enjoy the publicity.
Ramesses II ruled Egypt as pharaoh for approximately 66 years, the second
longest reign in Egyptian history. He stabilized his empire's borders and
concluded a highly successful peace treaty with its most important rival, the
Hittites. He clearly cared for his people's welfare and spent much treasure
on massive public works. He is regarded by later Egyptians as the greatest
pharaoh in history, a conclusion it is difficult to dispute."
Leader Scales

Boldness - 5/10
As you can gather from Ramesses' power, you can tell he will be a VERY STRONG
competitor to build Wonders. If you want to build wonders, you will want to
build them quickly, otherwise, Ramesses will be there to build them before you
even get a chance to do so. He is an average player in terms of city states
and being bold, but again, build Wonders quickly, they contribute to score,
and although Ramesses will not want to win that much, if it comes down to
score, you might be in some sort of trouble.
Diplomacy Scales
War - 3/10
Hostile - 7/10
Deceptive - 6/10
Guarded - 7/10
Afraid - 6/10
Friendly - 5/10
Neutral - 5/10
Ramesses will not really want to declare war, but he will get to the point
where his sabre-rattling will really piss you off. When I was playing as
China, his constant threats that I was a puny empire annoyed me so much that
his was suing for peace after I took his capital city and had riflemen look

at his spearmen. He will be hostile to you, and he will be defensive, and he
will also be very scared of you, move troops to the border and he will take
notice of you. And it won't be pretty.
City State Scales
Friendly - 5/10
Protective - 7/10
Conquest - 5/10
Ramesses isn't there to take over city states, he is quite opportunitistic, if
it is in his way, he probably would take the city, but he is more likely to
protect City States, and as such, entering war with a City State will probably
drag him along as well.
Offensive - 4/10
Defensive - 6/10
City Defence - 6/10
Ranged - 6/10
Mounted - 6/10

Ramesses is likely to use all sorts of units, so expect a good mix of ranged,
melee and mounted units attacking your lands. However, the good news is that
his army will be lacking in training, he will lack promotions on his units,
and this will be interesting, battlefield-tested veterans against green
recruits is murder in any situation.
Naval Scales
Naval - 5/10
Naval Growth - 5/10
Another leader who doesn't use their navy as they should, it is really there
to support and sometimes as an offensive armed force, but what is interesting
is that Ramesses will not really use naval units to scout, but will use them
to attack you, which is interesting.
Air Scale
Air Power - 4/10
Really, Ramesses may use aerial units, but won't really use them exclusively
as their only military force, realistically, his army will be quite balanced,
a nice even mix between ground, naval and aviation units.

Growth Scales
Expansion - 5/10
Growth - 6/10
Production - 7/10
Gold - 6/10
Science - 5/10
Culture - 7/10
As you will expect from a man who likes to build Wonders, he will concentrate
heavily on production, and you can expect him to build mines and lumber mills
where he can. This will also lead to a lot of tile improvement, so get your
pillage axes ready. And as a byproduct of his Wonder production, you can
expect big growth in culture from Ramesses.
Civilisation Scales
Happiness - 6/10
Great People - 6/10
Wonder - 8/10
Diplomacy - 5/10
Spaceship - 8/10
Ramesses is quite interested in building wonders to advance his score to

victory. This makes him quite dangerous if you cannot win outright, in
particular, on huge maps where you can't possible conquer the entire
planet quickly.
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
[3.05] England
Leader - Queen Elizabeth I
Unique Unit 1 - Longbowman, replaces Crossbowman
Unique Unit 2 - Ship of the Line, replaces Frigate
Unique Building - None
Civilization Power
SUN NEVER SETS
- All Naval units capable of Ocean travel get 2 extra Movement Points
~ History
"England is located on Great Britain, a "green and pleasant" island off of the
western coast of Europe. It is the largest member of the political entity
known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Historically a seafaring people, for much of the past 500 years the English
have used their incomparable navy to project their power into Europe and
across the globe.

England occupies the greater part of the island of Great Britain (along with
the Welsh to the west and the Scots to the north). At some 80,000 square
miles in size, Great Britain is slightly larger than the state of Kansas in
the USA. Until approximately 6000 BC a land bridge connected Great Britain to
Europe; since that time the two have been separated by the English Channel,
which is some 20 miles wide at its narrowest point.
England is endowed with rolling hills and plentiful natural resources,
including coal and (at one time) extensive forests. Benefitting from warm
water brought to its shores by Atlantic Ocean currents, England enjoys
plentiful rainfall and relatively mild winters.
The first detailed written description of England comes from the Romans, who
under Julius Caesar invaded Great Britain in 55 BC. Caesar found an island of
perhaps one million Celtic people divided into various warring tribes and
possessing an Iron Age level of technology. Caesar led two expeditions to the
island in total, and though he fought several successful battles, unrest in
Gaul drew him off the island before he could solidify his conquests.
The Romans returned to Great Britain 90 years later - and this time they came
in force. In 43 AD four legions (some 20,000 soldiers) under Aulus Plautius
landed somewhere on the southern or south-eastern coast (the exact location
is unknown) and made their way inland. After a number of stiff battles they
crushed the local opposition, establishing a provincial capital at
Camulodunum (Colchester). Over the next fifty years the Romans extended their
borders west, conquering Wales despite fierce resistance, and north as far as
the river Tyne. In 122 AD construction was begun on Hadrian's Wall, a
fortification designed to protect Roman Britain from the fierce Picts
(proto-Scots) in the northern highlands.

The Romans remained in power in Great Britain for another three centuries,
until approximately 410 AD. They had a profound effect upon the natives
during their occupation, introducing important advances in agriculture,
technology, architecture, and letters.
As the Roman military presence retreated from Britain and Western Europe -
under pressure from invading Germanic tribes such as the Vandals - local
warlords appeared to fill the power vacuum. But none were strong enough to
hold off the ever-increasing attacks on the island by the Picts, the Irish,
and other barbarian invaders. According to legend, King Vortigern invited the
Germanic Saxons into Britain to fight the Picts, but in 442 AD the Saxons
turned on their hosts and conquered much of the lowlands. The Saxons remained
in power for roughly fifty years until they were driven out largely thanks to
the skilful use of cavalry by the surviving British.
In the mid sixth century a fresh wave of Germanic invaders, the Anglo-Saxons,
reappeared, and they all but annihilated the original inhabitants, driving
the remnants of the population west into Cornwall and Wales. The Anglo-Saxons
would remain in power for several centuries, a period which saw the
conversion of the population to Christianity, and a great increase in
scholarship on the island, largely centered on the new Christian monasteries.
It is during this period that the inhabitants of south-east Great Britain
began to consider themselves "English."
By the ninth century England (and Scotland and Ireland, not to mention much
of Europe) was under continuous assault from Scandinavian raiders known as
the Vikings. The Vikings captured cities and towns along the North Sea, and
by the middle of the century they controlled almost half of Great Britain,
including London. In 877 Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, was able to stop
their advance into Southern England, and over the next 50 years he and his

heirs fought relentlessly to retake all of the Danish conquests. Athelstan,
Alfred's grandson, was the first man to rule all of England in 927.
However, the Danes were not finished with England, and another wave of raids
began in 980. Worn down by 20 years of continuous fighting, in 1013 the
English surrendered and accepted Sweyn of Denmark as their king. Sweyn was
succeeded by Canute, who ruled until 1035. The Danes and the English
coexisted fairly peacefully for the next 30 years until 1066, when England
was once again subject to invasion.
On September 27, 1066, William, Duke of Normandy, launched a major invasion
against England, leading 6000 knights and foot soldiers across the English
Channel. After defeating the English army and killing the English King Harold
at the Battle of Hastings, William marched on London. By December of 1066
most of the English nobility had sworn allegiance to William, and he was
crowned at Westminster Abbey on Christmas. Under Norman rule the country's
historical ties with Scandinavia were largely severed and England came into
much closer contact with Europe.
Lots of history occurred in England over the next 400 years. There were
bitter power struggles, revolts, civil wars, as well as wars in Europe,
Scotland and elsewhere. There were several Crusades, a number of plagues and
famines, and there were many kings named Richard and Henry, some of whom
appeared to be quite mad. Unfortunately, space and time constraints require
us to move rapidly to the 16th century, and the rise of Elizabeth.
Queen Elizabeth I was one of the most remarkable rulers in English history.
The daughter of King Henry VIII, Elizabeth took the throne in a period of
great social and religious upheaval in England (and across Europe).
Intelligent, beautiful, and with a great deal of courage, Elizabeth

inherited a country that was virtually bankrupt, on the brink of religious
civil war, and under threat of conquest by its much stronger neighbor, Spain.
During her reign Elizabeth I united the country, confounded Spain's attempts
at conquest, and ushered in one of the great golden ages of arts and
literature in human history. She also oversaw a major expansion of the
English navy, which would dominate the world's seas for centuries.
Elizabeth I died childless, and the English throne passed to James, the
Stuart King of Scotland, who became James I of England. Charles I, James's
successor, was overthrown by Parliament after the English Civil War
(1641-1645). The crown was reinstated in 1660, but much weaker, serving "at
the will of Parliament."
In 1707, the "Acts of Union" united the kingdoms of Scotland with that of
England and Wales. The English and Scottish Parliaments were merged, and
England ceased to exist as a political entity. However, England was the
largest, wealthiest and most powerful part of the United Kingdom, so much
so that many still use the terms England and the United Kingdom
interchangeably, much to the annoyance of the Welsh and Scots (and later,
the Northern Irish).
In 1800 the United Kingdom attempted to unite with Ireland, becoming the
"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland." Many of the largely Roman
Catholic Irish were bitterly opposed to the union, leading to a terrible
insurgency that lasted for over a century. In 1922 the southern portion of
Ireland was granted its independence, and the UK was once again renamed,
this time becoming "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland."
Queen Elizabeth's reign saw the first British colony established on the New

World, while the powerful British navy protected the growing British
interests across the world. England's earliest colonial interests lay in the
Caribbean and North America, but over time they expanded into Asia and the
South Pacific as well. As British power grew in India, all European
competition was driven out, and the English East India Company came to rule
the subcontinent in everything but name.
In the late 18th century Britain lost control of much of North America to the
Thirteen Colonies (later, the United States of America) in a long and
difficult revolution. While this was a great blow to British prestige, the
Empire continued to expand unabated, and by the early 20th century the
British Empire was the largest and most powerful in history, encompassing one
quarter of the Earth's landmass and human population.
For much of its history, the UK has sought to keep anyone from becoming a
dominant power in Europe, and to keep anyone from developing a navy to rival
that of the UK's. During Elizabeth's reign Spain was the biggest threat, and
the UK sought to bankrupt Spain by intercepting the Spanish treasure fleets
from the New World and to support insurgencies taking place in Spanish
possessions. In the 17th century the UK fought a series of wars against the
Netherlands when Dutch ships threatened British naval primacy.
In the 19th century the UK faced off against the mighty French Empire under
Napoleon Bonaparte. The French had an incomparable army and perhaps the
greatest general in human history, while the UK had its navy and the wealth
from its worldwide empire. The titanic struggle lasted some 12 years, but
eventually Napoleon was defeated and the UK emerged victorious.
The 20th century of course saw the UK pitted against Germany (and allies) in
two terrible conflagrations, World Wars I and II. These wars would test the

British to the limits of human endurance, and though the UK would be on the
victorious side, the cost in wealth and human lives would leave the nation
exhausted and virtually bankrupt, bereft of much of its once-great empire."
As you can gather, England is best on maps with a significant amount of water
on them. Maps such as archipelago are best for them because of the significant
advantage 2 movement points has. On maps with large swathes of land, such as
Terra or Continents, then it is really to use the navy as a support role,
whereas you should be using it as a mighty force in it's own right. The first
of the nations with 2 units, the Longbowman is an improvement over the
Crossbowman in that it gets +1 to it's range, making it attack from 3 tiles,
which is also outside the city's bombardment range. The Ship of the Line is
an advancement on the Frigate as it gets extra vision and extra attack
power.
Queen Elizabeth I
~ History
"Elizabeth I was a remarkable woman living in a remarkable age. Beautiful,
brilliant, and as tough as nails, she survived and indeed thrived, ruling in
an era when most women were little more than chattel.
Born to King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, who her father had executed for
failing to give him a male heir, Elizabeth's early life was filled with
danger. Growing up an unwanted daughter of a insane father who was destroying
England's ties to the Catholic Church and engaging in civil war so that he
could legally marry another woman (several other women, as it turned out),
Elizabeth had to use all of her wits to survive. Elizabeth received an

excellent education at the hands of various tutors, including the great
scholars of the day. She was an outstanding student, and could speak five
languages fluently.
When King Henry VIII died, the throne passed to his young son, Edward. At
fifteen Elizabeth was implicated in a plot to overthrow him. She came close
to being executed, surviving only because she was able to convince her
skeptical interrogators that she knew nothing of the plot.
When King Edward died in 1553, Elizabeth's older sister Mary assumed the
throne. An ardent Catholic, Mary was quite unpopular with a number of
Protestant noblemen, who attempted unsuccessfully to overthrow her in 1554.
Once again Elizabeth was implicated, but once again she talked her way out of
execution. Queen Mary died in 1558, and at last Elizabeth became Queen.
Elizabeth was an extraordinary ruler. She established the Protestant Church
as the official Church of England. However, she attempted to stem the
persecution of Catholics in the country - at least as much as was possible
when the Catholic nobility were actively plotting her demise. She also
restored the debased currency of England, a step crucially necessary to
restore the nation's flagging finances.
Elizabeth used all of the tools available to her to achieve her goals. She
carefully crafted an image for herself as the "Virgin Queen," greatly
increasing her popular support. She received countless offers of marriage
from nobility and indeed from kings across Europe. But she accepted none of
them, instead using her unmarried state to control her friends and foes
alike; if one faction got too strong, she could drive them back into line by
suggesting that she was considering marrying someone from an opposing
faction.

Elizabeth was a great patron of the arts, particularly music and literature.
She made England a center of culture, where great artists like William
Shakespeare flourished. During her reign the first English playhouse was
built, followed shortly by others including Shakespeare's Globe. And in 1574
weekday performances were made legal. An admirer of poetry, Elizabeth wrote a
number of noteworthy poems herself.
Militarily, Catholic Spain was England's greatest threat. Spain was the great
continental power of the day, and its leader, King Philip, had upon more than
one occasion expressed the intent of invading England. In 1588 he tried,
building a huge armada to conquer the upstart nation. Elizabeth quickly
organized the country's navy to fend off the fleet, and by a combination of
superior tactics, ship design, and some foul weather at just the right
moment, they defeated the Spanish foe. England was not to be seriously
threatened with invasion for about 400 years.
During Elizabeth's reign England, France, Spain and the Dutch all set up
colonies in the New World. Elizabeth employed a large number of privateers to
attack foreign ships and colonies, as did most other nations. Spain and its
New World wealth remained the privateers' favorite targets.
Overall, with the exception of her lucky triumph over the Spanish Armada,
Elizabeth was not a successful war leader. She oversaw various half-baked
military incursions into Ireland, France and the Netherlands, none of which
redounded to her credit.
Elizabeth died in 1603, having ruled 45 years. Although in her later years
military and economic reversals had dimmed her luster to the point that many
in England were relieved that she finally passed on, history acknowledges

that she left her country in a much better state than when she came to power.
Her great skills were an unerring survival instinct and flair for
self-promotion, personal charisma, and toughness matching that of the
strongest rulers in history. No better words can serve to describe her than
her own: "I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the
heart and stomach of a king."
Leader Scales
Boldness - 4/10
Queen Liz is extremely competitive, she is evenly matched to go for gold as
well as construct nice big wonders, but she is most competitive to go for the
City States, she will want them under her control, one way or another. The
good thing is, she isn't really big on threats, which is nice if you are
scared by her.
Diplomacy Scales
War - 5/10
Hostile - 7/10
Deceptive - 6/10
Guarded - 7/10
Afraid - 5/10
Friendly - 4/10

Neutral - 5/10
She isn't going to be one of the friendly leaders, she is more likely to go
to war with you than to be friends. Given the historical context, it is quite
understandable, her foreign policy was to be defensive, and not really attack.
The reason for such a high hostility score is simple, back in her era, pretty
much the whole of Europe was against her, given that Catholicism was strong in
nations such as France and Spain.
City State Scales
Friendly - 5/10
Protective - 7/10
Conquest - 6/10
Liz is about as likely to be protective of the city states as she is going to
conquer them. That does leave you in a bit of a bind, to protect them, you
need to defend against her, whilst if you want to attack them, you need to
attack her. And given how competitive she is to gain the furvor of the the
city states, this is a credible threat.
Offensive - 3/10
Defensive - 6/10

City Defence - 6/10
Ranged - 8/10
Mounted - 3/10
Given that one of their unique units is a ranged unit, it is understandable
that Liz will want units to blow you up from range, including archers and
later on, artillery units. She is far more likely to use her units to bolster
her defences, rather than attack, something that the history makes rather
clear when your read it.
Naval Scales
Naval - 8/10
Naval Growth - 7/10
This scale makes her the first real standout from the other leaders already
talked about. Whereas other leaders will use their navy as a support/escort
role, Good Queen Bess will be using her navy a lot, she will use them to
attack your coastal cities, blockade them, and set you up for a ground
invasion. In this sense, her Navy is her Army, whereas many leaders will
use their Army to do the talking, she will use the Navy to do the talking.

Air Scale
Air Power - 5/10
Nothing really stands out here, Elizabeth isn't really likely to use air
power to it's fullest, such as stealth bombers dropping payloads out of the
sky, but she is willing to use them in conjunction with her powerful navy, and
given the deadly mix of Carriers and Aircraft, along with her powerful
units to scoff out Submarines, she is quite deadly if you let her develop
some naval force.
Growth Scales
Expansion - 6/10
Growth - 4/10
Production - 6/10
Gold - 8/10
Science - 6/10
Culture - 6/10
If you want to take out a leader with a large stash of Gold, Elizabeth is one
of the prime targets, she is likely to have a ton of cash on her. However,
given her good defensive capabilities, she isn't going to let you have the
gold without a fight, and hope that her cities aren't all around the coast
where her Navy will give you a powerful run for your money.

Civilisation Scales
Happiness - 5/10
Great People - 6/10
Wonder - 5/10
Diplomacy - 6/10
Spaceship - 6/10
Her civilization overall won't be too unbalanced, she will go for any
victory really, she doesn't stand out here, but she is willing to use
military force to get her way, something that is reflected above, but not
here.
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*
[3.06] France
Leader - Napoleon Bonaparte
Unique Unit 1 - French Foreign Legion, replaces Infantry
Unique Unit 2 - Musketeer, replaces Musketman
Unique Building - None
Civilization Power
ANCIENT REGIME

- All Citys get 2 Culture Points per turn until Steam Power
~ History
"Located in Western Europe, bordering six (or seven, depending upon how you
count them) European countries and with coasts on the Atlantic Ocean, the
English Channel, and the Mediterranean, France has long been one of the great
political, military and cultural powers of the Western world.
France is a country of plains and green forests with ancient mountain ranges
on its south-east and west borders. A beautiful, fertile land, France is
blessed with some of the best wine-growing climate and terrain in the world.
Located in a temperate zone and bordered on the south by the warm
Mediterranean, the French climate is generally kindly and conducive to
agriculture.
The gentle waters of the Mediterranean facilitated exploration and settlement
of the coast of southern France. Greece founded the colony of Massilia
(modern Marseille) as early as 600 BC, but the earliest written records of
exploration of the country's interior comes hundreds of years later from the
Romans, who began campaigning in "Transalpine Gaul" (Gaul across the Alps) in
the first century BC. There the Romans encountered mostly Celtic people, plus
a few surviving pre-Celtic Iberians and Ligurians. They also met many
Germanic people emigrating into Gaul from points north and east.
Roman control over Gaul was gradual but inexorable. In 121 BC Rome sent
armies into Gaul to assist Massilia against encroaching Celts, and also to
defend its overland route into Spain (where it had important possessions).
This led Rome to claim a chunk of southern Gaul as a province, which survives

today as the "Provence" region of France. In 58 BC Caesar launched a major
campaign against the interior of Gaul. The war lasted some eight years, at
the end of which Gaul was more or less securely a Roman possession.
With the exception of a few notable but easily-crushed rebellions, Gaul
remained fairly content as a Roman province for several centuries. The
country thrived under Roman rule, and remnants of wealthy Roman-style villas
can be found across the French countryside. As it was pacified Gaul became a
springboard for further Roman expansion, both northwest across the Channel
into Great Britain, and northeast into the barbarian Germanic lands.
During the third and fourth centuries AD, as Roman power began to wane across
Western Europe, Gaul came under increasing pressure from invaders from the
north and east. Rome concentrated its power upon holding the Danube River and
stopping barbarians from crossing into Italy, leaving Gaul under-defended. In
the mid-third century Gaul suffered major incursions by the Germanic Alemanni
and Franks, and the territory wasn't retaken by Rome until 274. As the
countryside grew hostile and dangerous, the cities and towns fortified, a
process which would continue through the Middle Ages.
Christianity, which was introduced to Gaul around 250 AD, had taken root
across the country by the end of the fourth century.
In 395 AD, Rome was divided into an eastern and western half, and Western
Rome all but abandoned Gaul as it tried desperately to protect Rome itself
from barbarian invasion out of Austria and Germany. As a result, in 405-406 a
large number of Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine into Gaul, carving out
permanent homes for groups such as the Franks and Burgundians. The Visigoths
drove far south, occupying land in Aquitaine. By 476 the Romans had been
totally driven from power in Gaul by Germanic invaders.

During the Middle Ages (400-1200 AD), France was divided into a number of
smaller kingdoms ruled by the heirs of the various Germanic invaders. In the
late 5th century King Clovis of the northern Franks unified most of the
country (with the exception of some stubborn Visigoth holdouts in the south).
Clovis was the first of the "Merovingian" kings to rule the unified country.
He moved his capital to Paris, and he gained a degree of recognition from the
Roman Emperor, which gave his rule legitimacy.
When Clovis died in 511, the kingdom was divided between his four sons, who
spent the next five decades fighting each other for the country. As a brother
died, his land was apportioned among the surviving brothers. This continued
until 558 when there was only one brother standing. The Merovingian kingdom
remained united a whopping nine years, until that king died and the kingdom
was once again apportioned between his sons. This cycle of conquest and
division would continue for centuries, costing the lives of thousands every
generation.
As the eighth century opened, another strong Frankish family arose to
challenge the Merovingians. Based in northern Austrasia, the Carolingians
defeated their local neighbors and came to dominate northern France/Germany.
At first they threw their support behind the Merovingians, but when King
Theodoric IV died in 737, the Carolingian King Charles Martel was strong
enough to assume direct power, leaving the throne empty. During his reign
Charles was able to stop the Muslims' incursions into France and extend his
power into Germany as well.
Charles was followed by Pippin the Short, who, with the blessing of the Pope
in Rome openly assumed the throne. Upon his death the kingdom was divided
between his two sons, Carloman, who didn't last long, and Charlemagne, who

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