Covid-19 Mass Area / Object Sanitization & Virus Inactivation Technologies

A PatBnB & Gridlogics initiative 1
1
About this report
This is a FREE report generated based on Crowd-searched intelligence on
www.PatBnB.com Platform. Hundreds of Innovation Catalysts, hand-
picked & verified, have submitted these findings. This initiative is
sponsored by Gridlogics Technologies Pvt. Ltd
2020
Powered By Bots N Brains
A PatBnB & Gridlogics initiative
5/27/2020
Covid-19 Mass Area /
Object Sanitization &
Virus Inactivation
Technologies

FREE Report: Mass Area / Object Sanitization & Virus Inactivation Technologies 2
A PatBnB & Gridlogics initiative 2
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Preface
Most countries in the world are grappling with the novel coronavirus, COVID -19. This virus
spreads mainly by droplets produced as a result of coughing or sneezing by an infected
person. This can happen in two ways - direct close contact with COVID-19 patients or
Indirect contact, where the droplets survive on various surfaces like clothes, staircase
railings, elevators, meeting rooms, cafeteria, handrails/handles, call buttons, etc. for many
days. [33]
To reduce the risk of community transfer of COVID-19, there is a pressing need for mass
sanitization/sterilization of the public places including the bus stops, railway platforms,
parks, malls, religious places, roads, airports, etc. [34]
There are no specific vaccines or medicines currently available for COVID-19. However,
there are several ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. Thus, the best way
to prevent yourself from catching the virus is to take proper precautions. [35]
The key to this challenge is making our public places safe using the mass sterilization and
virus inactivation technologies. In this context there is need to have a high scale production
system in place. While engineering firms could consider switching some manufacturing to
help ramp production of state of art equipment’s and technologies, it will still take longer to
manufacture. Thus, we are looking for an existing, proven technology that can be rapidly
adapted to be built locally or at large scale.
The following report talks about technological innovations in various types of mass
sanitization devices. The report discusses the different types like UV based sanitization,
Disinfecting tunnels, drones and more. The main objective of this report is to provide an
overview of different types of innovations around the mass sanitization domain.

Table of Contents:
Abstract……………………………………………………………………….... 4
Introduction………………………………………………………….…..….. 4
How Does The Virus Spread…………………………….……. 5
Problems Faced…………………………………………………..…….. 6
Solutions……………………………………………………………………….. 7
A. UV Based Innovations…………………………………….. 7
B. Disinfection Tunnels.………………………………………. 14
C. Drones…………………………………………………………………... 20
D. Foggers…………………………………………………………………. 24
E. Other Innovations…………………………………………….. 28
Summary……………………………………………………………………….. 31
References……………………………………………………………………. 32
About us…………………………………………………………………………. 34
How to Leverage PatBnB………………………………………... 35
Research in Pipeline…………………………………………………. 36

The size of India’s
sanitation economy is $32
billion per year.
This market is set to
double to an estimated $62
billion per year by 2021.
*Pre-COVID
MASSSANITIZATIONSOLUTIONS

Abstract
In this report we are highlighting a number of mass object/area sanitization and virus
inactivation technologies. The report mentions technologies that were pre-COVID time and
post-COVID times and ranges from the use of Ultraviolet type C rays for disinfection to
Drones spraying disinfectants over a large public area. The innovpreneurs of India as well as
outside India have contributed in the technologies mentioned in this report.
Introduction
The current COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on the challenges facing the hospital and
healthcare industry around the globe, exposing the vulnerability of existing sanitization
procedures, and significantly exhausting the supply of PPE's for our healthcare providers.
The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis and the greatest
challenge we have faced since World War II. Since its emergence in China late last year, the
virus has spread to every continent except Antarctica. Cases are rising daily in all the
affected countries and forced them to go into lockdowns which has impacted their
economies and way of life. By stressing every one of the countries it touches, it has created
a devastating social, economic and political crisis that will leave deep scars. COVID-19 is a
highly contagious SARs-CoV-2 coronavirus that is rapidly spreading through both our most
vulnerable and healthy populations. SARs-CoV-2 challenges existing healthcare sanitization
protocols for medical equipment, patient rooms, and assisted living facilities. The rapid
spread of COVID-19 is also causing significant stress on our national supply and availability
of PPE for our healthcare workers. [36]
The novel coronavirus has four stages of transmission which are as follows:
 Stage 1 means that the virus makes a first appearance as people have a travel history,
with everyone contained, their sources traced, and no local spread from those affected.
The number of those infected would be quite low at this stage.
 Stage 2 is local transmission, when those who were infected and have a travel history
spread the virus to close friends or family.
 Stage 3 is where community transmission starts and the infections happen in public and
a source for the virus cannot be traced. At this stage, large geographical lockdowns
become important as random members of the community start developing the disease.
 Stage 4 is when the disease actually becomes an epidemic in a country with many cases
which cannot be controlled.

How Does The Virus Spread?
The COVID-19 virus is transmitted by either respiratory droplets or contact. Respiratory
droplets are generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Hence any person who
is in close contact with someone who has respiratory symptoms (sneezing, coughing) can
get exposed to Corona Virus. It is present in the form of Droplets which may also land on the
surfaces where the virus could remain active and thus, the immediate environment of an
infected individual can serve as a source of transmission (contact transmission).
Approximately 2−10% of cases of confirmed COVID-19 disease present with diarrhea and
two studies detected COVID-19 viral RNA fragments in the faecal matter of COVID-19
patients. However, only one study has cultured the COVID-19 virus from a single stool
specimen. There have been no reports of faecal−oral transmission of the COVID-19 virus.
Sanitation is the effective use of tools and actions that keep our environment healthy. These
include toilets to manage waste, food preparation, washing stations, effective drainage and
other such mechanisms.
Virus Inactivation is the process of making virus inactive such that it does not spread. By
using polycarbonate membranes without pores for sandwiching, the influence of
temperature alone on virus inactivation could be measured. Thermophilic fermentation at
60 degrees C and at 65 kPa pressure led to a bacteriophage f2 titer reduction of 3.5 log10
units per h, whereas during thermophilic digestion at 54.5 degrees C titers decreased 1.2
log10 units per h. During mesophilic digestion, an inactivation rate of only 0.04 log10 units
per h was observed. Under these latter conditions, the temperature had only a minor effect
(19%) on virus inactivation, whereas at 54.5 degrees C during thermophilic digestion heat
accounted for 32% of the total inactivation, and during thermophilic fermentation at 60
degrees C temperature and pressure were 100% responsible for virus denaturation
Hence sanitation and virus disinfection are very important to stop the spread of the virus
and to keep oneself away from this virus and be safe. Since we are in contact with various
things such as mobiles, buses, trains, etc. It becomes really important that such places and
things are sanitized so that they are safe and people are not affected by it.

Problems Faced
1. COVID-19 is Highly Contagious: There are three ways SARs-CoV-2 respiratory viruses are
spread: direct person-to-person contact, the airborne route, and via contaminated
surfaces. These infectious particles are easily transferred from object to hand and pose a
risk for infection again. A primary method of the highly contagious COVID-19 virus
transmission is by touching contaminated surfaces. Research has shown the virus can
typically live up to three days on surfaces, and in some environments, much longer. [2]
2. Incomplete Sanitization: One of the critical issues is the sanitization of contaminated
rooms to assure the protection of the hospital staff and fellow patients. The healthcare
environment is a veritable invisible cloud of particulate matter. [2]
This includes:
 Microorganisms (including spores, viruses, and bacteria)
 Volatile organic compounds (emitted by cleaning products and furniture)
 Dust
 Lint from hospital linens and fabrics
 Surgical smoke
 Pollen and animal dander brought in on the clothes of staff, patients and visitors.
Surfaces becomes contaminated with fallen particulate matter that can then be picked
up and transferred to others and they can get infected. Current sanitization protocols
involve hand cleaning of rooms and medical equipment using disinfectants. Hand
cleaning is labor-intensive, and vulnerable to missing irregular shaped objects, cracks,
cords, or isolated contaminated surfaces. Residual virus or bacteria in a hospital room
can be very harmful, especially since the patients may be immunosuppressed and more
vulnerable to new viruses and bacteria. [2]
3. Lack of Available PPE: To conserve available supplies, hospitals, and health workers
across the country currently reuse PPE significantly longer than recommended
guidelines and while they treat multiple patients. This reuse not only puts healthcare
providers at risk but also increases the potential that they spread COVID-19 to
uninfected patients. [2]

Solutions
Some traditional methods are present to sanitize items and various studies have come up
with new methods of sanitization. Some innovations segmented by technology areas are
listed below:
A.UV based Innovations
UV light kills everything: bacteria, fungi, viruses.
It should kill coronavirus. UV light, the type used
in most common devices on the market to clean
household objects, has been shown to be
effective in laboratory studies at killing bacteria
on computer screens, toothbrushes, and other
objects. It has also been shown to affect viruses
in similar ways that it affects bacteria. UV light is lethal to bacteria and viruses because of its
high frequency that scrambles and damages their nuclear material. When it damages the
DNA (or RNA) code of these pathogens, it also triggers lethal mutations that prevent them
from reproducing properly. This light has a range of effectiveness, which interferes and
destroys the nucleic acids of bacteria and other microbes. UV-C penetrates superficially, and
the light can’t get into nooks and crannies. Outside of those industrial uses, there are a
bunch of portable UV sanitizing boxes, wands, and water bottles that claim to kill 99.9
percent of bacteria and viruses on phones, toothbrushes, pacifiers, and a number of other
surfaces. They are available in a portable manner and can be used for sanitization of small
objects.
1. Ultraviolet-Type C LED based Mop
IIT-Guwahati has developed a UVC LED-based
disinfection machine for sanitizing the infected non-
porous surfaces like floors, tiles, metal and glass at
hospitals along with the buses and trains. The
machine has developed at a request from the
Karnataka authorities to be used in its hospitals and
buses. However, it can be used for government and
commercial usage too. The institute is now filing a
patent for the system, which when commercialized,
will be available at a cost of Rs 1,000 (~USD 15). The
institute also claims that while the current prototype
The global UV disinfection
equipment market size is projected
to grow from USD 2.9 billion in
2020 to USD 5.3 billion by 2025
Figure 1. LED-based disinfection machine

of the machine requires manual manning, the team is working on making it a robot manned
machine which requires limited human intervention. [3]
UVC system is a proven technology to sanitize the micro-organism infected non-porous
surface. Ninety per cent killing rate can be achieved by UVC for one of the highly stable
viruses MS-2 Coliphase with 186 J dose, whereas 36 J dose is needed for Influenza virus
which is similar to COVID-19. The team has developed a UVC LED system capable of
providing 400 J dose in 30 seconds, such that virus-infected surface will be sanitized. The
unique design of this UVC system will ensure uniform exposure in the virus-infected non-
porous area and will help to maintain sanitation and hygiene. [3]
2. Thermal sanitation unit
BWR Innovations has developed a Thermal Energy & UV Light Sanitizing machine. Thermal
energy and UV light are independently validated and accepted sanitation solutions against a
full range of viruses and bacteria, including SARs-CoV-2 coronaviruses. The BWR Fuel Cell
Thermal Sterilizer with UV Light is a dry heat sterilizer designed to produce 60°C (140°F)
thermal energy coupled with UV light to inactivate a full spectrum of biological
contaminants, including viruses, bacteria, spores, and fungi, leaving no residue. The fuel cell
generator solves the problem of power distribution to the resistive heater while also
providing approximately 50% of the heat required for the room to reach the target
temperature. These same mobile units can be adapted to create an increased thermal level
that will sanitize healthcare facilities and equipment that have been contaminated by the
COVID-19 virus. [1] [2]
BWR Innovations, collaborating with e1, US Hybrid and Mosebach Manufacturing Company
have adapted the HFC 308 design to produce a Fuel Cell Thermal Sanitizer that integrates
four separates off the shelf technologies [1] [2]
:
 Methanol to hydrogen generator to produce hydrogen for the fuel cell;
 Fuel cell power generator to produce electricity and thermal energy;
 Resistive heater to convert electricity to thermal energy for primary thermal
sanitization;
 UV light for secondary sanitization.

Each of the primary components would be located on separate medical quality rolling carts
that will be connected through quick disconnect hoses and electrical cords to create a self-
contained mobile solution. For a target 500 SF room, it will take 30 to 60 minutes to set up
the Fuel Cell Thermal Sanitizer solution and heat the room to the target temperature. The
room will be kept at the target temperature for 30 minutes to inactivate contagions. The
entire sanitization procedure will take 60-90 minutes and provide thorough thermal
sanitization of the room and its contents. BWR’s Fuel Cell Heat Sanitizer is designed to
supplement, not replace existing hand sanitation methods with the benefit of significantly
increasing the level of sanitization of contaminated rooms by applying sanitizing heat to all
of the equipment and surfaces in the room, thereby decreasing the rate of infection. [1] [2]
3. Far-UVC Lamp light
The light with a wavelength of 10-400 nano meters
(nm) in sunlight is called ultraviolet light, and it can be
divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC (200nm to 275nm)
according to different wavelength bands. Among them
C-band ultraviolet rays destroy the DNA of bacteria and
viruses and play a role in disinfection and sterilization.
Continuous low doses of far ultraviolet C (far-UVC) light
can kill airborne flu viruses without harming human
tissues, according to a study at the Center for Radiological Research at Columbia University
Irving Medical Center (CUIMC). [5]
The findings suggest that use of overhead far-UVC light in hospitals, doctors’ offices,
schools, airports, airplanes, and other public spaces could provide a powerful check on
seasonal influenza epidemics, as well as influenza pandemic. [5]
Figure 2 Methanol to Hydrogen generator (left) and Fuel cell electric generator (right)

Figure 3 Far UV-C rays and its effect on skin
Far-UVC light (wavelength 207-
222 nanometers) is effective in
inactivating microbe cells, without
harming the skin, over a variety of dose
sizes and distributions, both acute and
chronic. Far-UVC radiation cannot
penetrate even the outer, non-living
strata of human skin or eyes; however,
because microbial pathogens have
dimensions of microns (micrometers) or
less, far-UVC can permeate and render
them inactive. [4]
It comes with a 5watt to 150-watt
product and is priced somewhere from
₹4955 for handheld device to ₹35400 for
trolley device. It comes with feature like child safety, delay timer, remote control, and
human sensor. Based on its power and size, it can find its uses in Doctor Clinic, Factories,
Guard Room, Home, Inside the central air conditioning, Kindergarten, Mobile Phone,
Nursing Home, Office Shopping Malls, Shop, stores, and warehouses.
Figure 4 Far UVC lamps by Servotech Power Systems Limited

Figure 4 Sunburst UV Bot
4.UV robot
A shopping mall in Singapore is deploying a
newly developed smart robot to fight the
novel coronavirus, not with chemicals - but
with light. While spraying has become the
norm in many places around the world, the
robot uses ultraviolet lamps to disinfectant
not only surfaces, but tricky-to-reach
crevices and even the air. According to
Derrick Yap, whose firm, PBA Group,
developed the Sunburst UV Bot, the novel
coronavirus pandemic presented an
opportunity to test out a robot for a role that
was “dangerous, dull and dirty”. “It’s dangerous because UVC shouldn’t be deployed when
there’s humans around,” he said, referring to the short-wave germicidal type of ultraviolet
radiation. [13]
UVC can be harmful to the skin and eyes, which is why the robot, which looks like a bunch of
fluorescent lights standing up on a moving base, is being tested by Frasers Property Retail
after the mall’s closing time. [13]
But it is programmed to turn off its UV lights if it detects a human in close proximity. Once
its route has been fully mapped, the robot is expected to perform its cleaning cycle
autonomously and recharge itself afterwards. Yap said he expected the coronavirus
outbreak to prompt companies to reassess their labour requirements and use of technology,
including robots. [13]
Just one Sunburst UV Bot has been undergoing test runs, Frasers intends to deploy more
elsewhere in Singapore. [13]
But they don’t come cheap, each one costing S$70,000 ($49,500). Some are being leased to
clients for S$3,000 ($2,121) a month and some will be given to hospitals and isolation
centres. [13]

5.GermFalcon Airplane UV System
The First UV-C System Designed Just for Airplanes: Dimer uses 254nm UVC, proven effective
against Coronavirus, Ebola, Influenza, and all other known disease-causing pathogens.
GermFalcon is a fast, convenient, easy to use system in routine and emergency situations.
Offering a turnkey solution for infection prevention and emergency preparedness in air
travel. [6]
The GermFalcon is a fast,
affordable, convenient
and effective way to
eliminate germs from
even the most hard-to-
reach places on a plane.
There are no industry
standards for aircraft
interior sanitization.
Cleaning procedures and
frequencies vary due to short turn times and the inefficiency of available cleaning products.
Disinfecting with chemical products requires several minutes of "wet time" to be effective
— followed by a water rinse on food-serving and -prep surfaces. They may lack the power to
kill a broad spectrum of germs that cause disease. Disinfecting chemicals are toxic and not
environmentally friendly. [6]
Antimicrobial paints, coatings and plastics are usually silver
ion-based or feature disinfecting chemicals. They are not
offered for fabrics or leather. Antimicrobials are effective
when the surface is left undisturbed for 24 hours, at body
temperature (98.6°F/ 37°C) and 90% humidity. These
conditions do not apply on a commercial aircraft. [6]
The GermFalcon sanitizes all surfaces without any toxic after-
effects. Plus, it’s fast! It takes about a minute to sanitize a
single seat using a chemical disinfectant. The GermFalcon can
treat 54 seats in that same minute. In practical terms, it can
take more than two hours to apply a multi-step chemical
disinfectant to the surfaces of a narrow body jet. The
GermFalcon can sanitize that same area in less than 10 minutes! [6]
All of this amounts to a tremendous savings of time, labour and product costs — not to
mention the potential health benefits to passengers and crew! [6]
Figure 6 GermFalcon disinfecting
airplane cabins
Figure 5 GermFalcon

It is a patented product and the patent information is provided below:
 Patent: US Patent No. 8,907,304, US Patent No. 8,999,238, US Patent No.
10,195,298, US Patent No. 9,144,618, US Patent No. 9,149,549
6. Quartz Tube Germicidal Lamp
A germicidal lamp is an electric light that produces ultraviolet C (UVC) light. This short-wave
ultraviolet light disrupts DNA base pairing, causing formation of pyrimidine dimers, and
leads to the inactivation of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. It can also be used to produce
ozone for water disinfection. [7]
There are three common types available [7]
:
 Low-pressure lamps
 High-pressure lamps
 LEDs
Short-wave UV light is harmful to humans. In
addition to causing sunburn and (over time)
skin cancer, this light can produce extremely
painful inflammation of the cornea of the
eye, which may lead to temporary or permanent vision impairment. For this reason, the
light produced by a germicidal lamp must be carefully shielded against direct viewing, with
consideration of reflections and dispersed light. A February 2017 risk analysis of UVC lights
concluded that ultraviolet light from these lamps can cause skin and eye problems. [7]
The Quartz tube disinfection table light is no ozone, 38-watt and 220V device that kills
germicides. It works on a quartz UV light source with an application area of 40m2
. [8]
 Germicidal Lamp Market Size to
Reach Revenues of over $18 Billion
by 2025 – Arizton
 The germicidal lamp market size is
expected to grow at a CAGR of over
36% during the period 2019–2025.
Figure 7 Effect of UV rays
[8]
(left); Uses of Quartz tube disinfection table light
[8]
(right)

B.Disinfection Tunnels
Disinfection Tunnels are used to spray
disinfectant mist on people passing
through which reportedly kills most
germs and viruses, including,
hopefully, the COVID-19. [9]
Versions of these tunnels are already
up and running at various places in the
country, including several farmers’
markets, police stations and other
public places in Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Telangana, Kashmir, West
Bengal and Kerala, Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh, Delhi NCR and Punjab, and
the list is rapidly growing. [9]
Essentially these tunnels spray a mist
of sodium hypochlorite solution, a chlorine compound often used as a disinfectant or a
bleaching agent, as you pass through them. Sodium hypochlorite is a component of
commercial bleaches and cleaning solutions and used as a disinfectant in drinking and waste
water purification systems and swimming pools. In 0.5% w/v solution, it is called Dakin's
solution and used as an antiseptic to clean infected topical wounds. The spray used by most
Indian tunnels, like the one in a large market in Tamil Nadu’s Tiruppur district, is 1 per cent
solution. [9]
Some Disinfecting tunnels have poor efficiency because they have very few nozzles to cover
a person or goods, and some seems to use normal low-pressure pumps in the range of
10bar. Those pumps actually spray bigger particles with poorer coverage. While high-
pressure fogging pumps produce dense (5-20 microns) particles that stay mostly suspended
in air. High-pressure fog clearly offers dense coverage, less waste and less wetness. [19]
The cost of low-pressure solution is much less than high-pressure one, but the disinfectant
waste is much more to achieve same coverage. [19]
Figure 8 High pressure fogging VS low pressure misting

1. ClearWalk
Wipro Infrastructure Engineering (WIN)
launched a 'sanitization walkway', joining
forces to fight with the Covid-19 pandemic
while the Azim Premji-owned company also
unveiled two other products, which are
currently in the pipeline. These include an
automated graded vehicle (AGV) capable of
delivering food and medicines to a Covid-19
patient, and also an AGV which can sanitize
a large area with UV rays. [10]
According to the Bengaluru-headquartered
company, ClearWalk, the sanitization
walkway is basically an enclosure which has
been fitted with specially designed spray
nozzles creating fine water particles sized
between 50 to 100 microns to give maximum
coverage to the person walking through. Developed in collaboration with DRDO, these
modular setups can be installed within 6-8 hours. [10]
Developed by WIN Automation, a part of Wipro Infrastructure Engineering, ClearWalk is a
two-meter-long enclosure fitted walkway. An individual takes two to three seconds to walk
through two metre on a wet surface. To ensure effective exposure, an individual needs to
halt at the one-metre mark (mid-way) and rotate 360 degrees and continue walking. The
total time spent by an individual inside the Walkway will be about five to six seconds. The
size of disinfectant generated cannot be directly inhaled, as it will be in the form of fine
water droplets, said the company. [11]
Developed in four weeks, these walkways have already been installed at Wipro’s campuses
and factories. The walkway has been priced between Rs 1-1.3 lakh per unit and will be
available commercially in 3-4 weeks. [10]
A team of DRDO engineers helped in optimizing the walkway in terms of spray efficiency and
nozzle position, said G Sundararaman, senior vice president & head, WIN Automation. The
product will be manufactured at Wipro’s manufacturing facility in Bengaluru and the
capacity is scalable depending on the market demand, said the company. [10]
Figure 9 ClearWalk by Wipro

2. Walk-through sanitizing tunnel
Ahmedabad station of Western Railway has got the
unique distinction of becoming the first station on
Indian Railways to install a Walk-Through Mass
Sanitizing Tunnel. The tunnel was inaugurated
yesterday by Ahmedabad DRM Deepak Jha. AIR
correspondent reports that the walk-through mass
Sanitizer Tunnel has been set up by Ahmedabad
division to ensure the safety of staff and passengers in
view of the COVID-19. [14]
The distance of the tunnel is 20 feet long which can be
covered within 10 seconds. Ahmedabad Division
Railway PRO Pradeep Sharma said the tunnel is fitted
with a sensor so that when a passenger approaches
the tunnel entrance, it starts fogging automatically
with WHO approved sanitizer. [14]
The tunnel has a capacity of sanitizing 25 to 30 persons per minute and consumes
approximately 20 ml sanitizer per person. The system runs on the principle of Vaporization
process which converts the sanitizer mixture into vapour which forms a uniform layer over
the surface which dries up quickly. [14]
3.Personnel Sanitization Enclosure (PSE)
Vehicle Research Development Establishment (VRDE), Ahmednagar, a DRDO Laboratory has
designed full body disinfection chamber called as PSE. This walk-through enclosure is
designed for personnel decontamination, one person at a time. This is a portable system
equipped with sanitizer and soap dispenser. The decontamination is started using a foot
pedal at the entry. On entering the chamber, electrically operated pump creates a
disinfectant mist of hypo sodium chloride for disinfecting. The mist spray is calibrated for an
operation of 25 seconds and stops automatically indicating completion of operation. As per
procedure, personnel undergoing disinfection will need to keep their eyes closed while
inside the chamber. [15]
The decontamination is started using a foot pedal at the entry. Upon entering the chamber,
an electrically operated pump creates a disinfectant mist of hypo sodium chloride for
disinfecting. The mist spray is calibrated for the operation of 25 secs and stops automatically
indicating the completion of the operation. [16]
Figure 10 Sanitization walkway at Ahmedabad
Railway station

Figure 11 PSE by VRDE, a DRDO Laboratory
Figure 12 Corona Killer by UDL
As per the procedure, personnel
undergoing disinfection will
need to keep their eyes closed
while inside the chamber.
Approximately 650 personnel
can pass through the chamber
for disinfection until a refill is
required. [16]
The system has seen-through
glass panels on sidewalls for
monitoring purposes and is fitted
with lights for illumination during
night time operations. A separate operator cabin is provided to monitor overall operations.
[16]
The system has been manufactured with the help of M/s Dass Hitachi Ltd, Ghaziabad, within
a time span of four days. This system can be used for the disinfection of personnel in the
areas of controlled ingress and egress such as entry and exit to hospitals, malls, office
buildings, and critical installations. [16]
4.Walk-through Disinfector
In this pandemic time, UDL have decided to fight against COVID-19 by design. Bhagvanji
Sonagra and her partner Bhavin Dabhi have designed and developed India's first "Corona
Killer" - a Walk-Through Mass disinfector. They have designed, developed, manufactured,
tested, validated and installed this machine in just 4 days. Their first disinfector was installed
at Rajkot Municipal Commissioner's Office on March 29, 2020. Till now, we have installed 4
disinfectors at Government Offices/ Hospitals. [17]
The main goal behind the mass
Walk-through Disinfector is
to protect our frontline
workers, Police, Healthcare
workers, and all the people
working in offices of essential
services. It's equally important
that they stay strong and healthy.
A disinfector at the entrance of a hospital means that any healthcare person entering/
exiting the hospital gets sanitized and reduces the risk of getting infected or transmitting
infection that he/ she might have caught. [17]

Figure 13 Disinfector installed at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Medical
Institute, Ahmedabad
The following are the features of
the Corona Killer [18]
:
 Sprays disinfectant up to
5 seconds and kills virus
within a minute.
 The disinfectant (6%
Hydrogen Peroxide) used
has been approved by
CDC and EPA - USA.
 The user doesn't need to
touch anything or put his/ her things anywhere.
 A short buzzer alerts user of starting of spray and a long buzzer alerts of stop.
 An LED display counter that counts and displays the number of persons disinfected.
 GSM and Wi-Fi enabled sensor to measure Tank-level and alert when the
disinfectant goes below a threshold level.
 This Disinfector can be installed at the entrance of any building to sanitize people
entering/ exiting it.
 The sprayed disinfectant is collected in a tray which can be reused to disinfect roads
and societies.
5.Sensor operated ‘Sanitization device’
The sensor-based machine will automatically detect a person coming in front of the device
and will spray 10-15 ml of sanitizer for 15 seconds and this will sanitize the person's entire
body, clothes, and shoes. In an interesting development, Shri Jeetu Shukla, an incubate
project at Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, has
developed a sensor-based device that can be used to sanitize the entire body. [20]
According to official information, the
device can be mounted anywhere and
it works in an automated manner. The
device can be installed outside any
premises. The sensor-based machine
will automatically detect a person
coming in front of the device and will
spray 10-15 ml of sanitizer for 15
seconds and this will sanitize the
Figure 14 Sensor operated sanitization device

Figure 15 Disinfection Box
person's entire body, clothes, and shoes. This device can be installed at any place where
there is movement of people, so that the person can enter the premises only after getting
sanitized. [20]
Giving the details, PK Mishra, coordinator, Malviya Centre for Innovation, Incubation and
Entrepreneurship, IIT (BHU), said, this device has been made according to today's
requirement. We are using normal sanitizer currently being used by the government. Due to
this sanitization, it is possible to avoid most of the viruses that cause harm to the person.
Validation of the dose, exposure time, frequency is under process. However, even after
being sanitized with this device, one is required to wear masks, make social distancing and
wash hands with soap at regular intervals. [20]
6. Disinfection Box
Some salient features [28]
 Disinfected by ULTRASONIC ATOMIZER MIST
TECHNOLOGY, saving disinfectant solution, un-wet
clothes
 Anolyte solution (Electro-Chemical Activation) has
high antibacterial, antiseptic.
 Automatically works when having people inside
 Indicator lights and alarm during operation
 Allows changing the OPERATING TIME from 20-30
Seconds
 Low antiseptic solution WARNING SENSOR
 Equipped with AUTOMATIC LIQUID TOUCHLESS
SOAP DISPENSER before entering the box (Option
Figure 16 Workflow

C.Drones
This is one of the most commonly used method for sanitation and it has been implemented
in multiple areas. The drones will help in sanitizing large areas by just one person spraying
and monitoring using a mobile app, hence eliminating the need for more cleaners who use
manual spraying disinfectant. This will help in following social distancing guidelines issued
by the World Health Organization (WHO) to fight COVID-19. The drone which is crash proof,
is equipped to adjust itself to terrain height and avoid obstacles. The roads and areas can be
selected on Google maps and the drone can be automated to perform the task within a
signal range of 3 km. A drone can cover more than 1.2 hectare in one flight and more than
60 hectares in a day. A single drone can replace around 20 workers, which can be really
helpful in the current situation. [37]
Drone-enabled inspections are safer, more efficient, more cost-effective, and provide a
complete and detailed overview of a facility, both with visual and thermal imaging.[23]
Traditional inspection methods are time consuming, have safety concerns, are not cost-
effective, lack flexibility to provide a thorough inspection, and lack detailed data on the
condition of a facility.{23}
1. Atom Drones
Disinfection was carried out at
Nizamuddin Dargah through Drone by
Delhi based Drone Start-up company
(Atom Drones) India’s hot spot of corona
i.e. Nizamuddin Markaz was being
sprayed with disinfectant through Drone
by Atom Drones (subsidiary of Atom
Aviation). [21]
India is fighting and Govt of India along
with various state govt is working hard to
mitigate the serious impact of deadly
corona virus. A well-known Delhi based
start-up company i.e. Atom Aviation carried out disinfection spraying by ultra-sophisticated
disinfectant drone in entire area of Markaz. The area was densely populated and there was
very little space for drone to manoeuvre. The streets were extremely narrow and filled with
lot of stuff all over. [21]
“We are working with state government and SDMC to spray disinfectant across all hot spots
of Delhi. Many State Govt have also approached us for carrying out drone spraying. We
Figure 17 Atom drone at Nizamuddin, Delhi

cover around 5 Sq. Km area every day by single drone. We are disinfecting all public areas ,
religious places, metro station etc. We are working on doing disinfectant spraying by
Helicopter” Archit Gupta, Founder Atom Aviation. Govt efforts. [21]
Over the past few days, the Indian government
has been piloting ways to incorporate drones into
their response to Coronavirus. These initial
experiments may serve as a model for other
countries looking to respond to the current health
crisis. Longer term, they can provide lessons for
how public and private health systems can
incorporate drone technology into their planning
to mitigate future pandemics. [21]
Atom Drones originally designed to spray pesticides for agricultural applications. But now as
the requirement grown, drones were modified in less than 24 hours for spraying out
disinfecting chemicals. To ensure the safety of aerial disinfection operations, Atom Drones
jointly works with local authorities and make sure that all efforts were conducted in a safe
and scientific manner. [21]
2. Marut Dronetech
Marut Dronetech Private Limited, a startup,
founded by IIT Guwahati alumni has developed and
deployed drones for spraying disinfectant in public
spaces to prevent Coronavirus. Drones have proved
to be of great use as seen in countries like China
and South Korea so far. [22]
In a statement IIT Guwahati stated, “Marut
Dronetech is working with the Government of
Telangana and departments across the state to deploy drones for public safety applications.
Recently, Karimnagar Municipal Corporation, Telangana, had deployed customised drones
of Marut Drones for spraying disinfectants in Mukarampur area of Karimnagar where 10
Indonesians and one local had tested positive for COVID-19. Disinfectants were also sprayed
at District Collectorate, Municipal Corporation, District Hospital, Bus Station, Auto stand,
markets, Police Commissionerate and Rythu Bazars.”
It is seen that drones disinfect 50 times more area than traditional methods and can keep
human operators out of harm. Thus, they prove to be efficient, avoids any cross infections
and stops the spread of a pandemic. [22]
 Drones disinfect 50 times
more area than traditional
methods and can keep human
operators out of harm.
 Drones can perform thermal
imaging and Critical medical
supplies

Prem Kumar Vislawath, Co-Founder and CEO of Marut Dronetech Private Limited, said, “At a
time when countries across the world are opting for mass lockdowns owing to the ongoing
pandemic, drones are proving to be an alternative lifeline for stranded populations. Nations
across the world have imposed quarantines in an attempt to control the spread of the novel
coronavirus. Drones could be the best solution to spray disinfectants and reduce infections,
monitor people’s movement for crowd control, delivery medicines to those quarantined and
the elderly.” [22]
“Marut Drones have also developed Public
Monitoring and Warning Drones which are fitted
with a camera and speaker. These can be used by
personnel to monitor places especially with high
disease prevalence for crowd gathering and give
appropriate instructions, using fitted loudspeakers,
to people. [22]
As this is much faster than regular patrolling
operations, it can be very efficient not only for
patrolling but also to spread the message. These
drones can be used in places where people are still seen moving around streets and
government personnel are having a hard time implementing a strict lockdown,” IIT said. [22]
Prem Kumar Vislawath has also identified new ways in which drones can be deployed to
combat the virus. According to him, drones can also be used for temperature Check –
Thermal Imaging and medical Delivery Drone of Critical Supplies [22]
3.EagleHawk
EagleHawk is the leading provider of information services using drones and thermal imaging
technology. They work with commercial, government, and non-profit clients across the US.
EagleHawk is using a liquid disinfectant to spray outdoor and indoor large-scale facilities
including stadiums, arenas, campuses, buildings, and other common areas. Any facility
requiring disinfectant spraying over a large surface area would likely benefit from the speed
and efficiency of EagleHawk’s drone-enabled solution. [23]
Figure 18 Drone by IIT Guwahati start-up

EagleHawk has an expert team of
FAA certified drone pilots and
analysts who have created an
innovative method for inspecting
large-scale facility assets using
state-of-the-art drones equipped
with cutting-edge sensors and
high-definition cameras that make
it easier, safer, faster, more
efficient, and more cost-effective
to inspect facility assets. [23]
EagleHawk will work closely with your facility team to compile all the necessary background
and logistical information to plan the data collection flights. EagleHawk will take the
necessary steps to ensure that the proper FAA flight clearances are obtained in advance
and, if applicable, will coordinate with your onsite team and local flight control authorities
throughout the data collection process. [23]
On the day of the data collection flights, EagleHawk’s team will use professional drones and
sensor equipment to capture high-resolution data on each of the assets under inspection.
Once all the necessary data has been collected, our core team of analysts will evaluate the
data and compile the findings in a comprehensive final report that is easy to read and
navigate with an interactive dashboard. [23]
EagleHawk's drone-enabled solution is [23]
:
 Safe - Applicators are not directly exposed to spraying chemical and EagleHawk only
selects the safest chemicals suitable for each use case
 Effective - EagleHawk only uses chemicals approved by the EPA for effectiveness
against SARS-CoV-2
 Efficient - Using proprietary drone-enabled spraying solutions, EagleHawk is able to
cover large stadiums and arenas in a fraction of the time
 Economical - Provides affordable solution for regular disinfection
 Sustainable - No known negative impact to surfaces
Figure 19 EagleHawk Drone

D.Foggers
Applying chemical disinfectants to production areas as fogs or mists is a method that has
been used routinely in many industries to control cross contamination. The purpose of
fogging a production area is to create and disperse a disinfectant aerosol to reduce the
numbers of airborne microorganisms and also to apply disinfectant to surfaces that are not
routinely disinfected and that may be difficult to
reach, such as overhead surfaces. [24]
Fogging is done by using either a static, purpose-
built system in an area of a factory with
strategically placed nozzles, or more commonly
by using a mobile unit. The equipment works by
supersaturating the atmosphere with a fog of
disinfectant chemical; the area that can be
covered will vary depending on the application
system being used. A built-in system will typically be used for production areas larger than
200m³, with mobile units usually being employed for areas smaller than 200m³. [24]
For whole room disinfection, fogging is only effective if sufficient chemical is deposited onto
all of the environmental surfaces. Providing a suitable disinfectant is used, research has
suggested that fogging is effective at reducing airborne microbial populations by two to
three log orders in 30 to 60 minutes and horizontal surfaces up to six log orders in 60
minutes, with minimal effect on vertical surfaces and the underneath of equipment. [24]
Therefore, the technique tends to be used as an additional safeguard to the routine cleaning
and disinfection procedure. Chemical fogging can, however, be improved with the use of
electrostatic fogging nozzles, which help ensure a greater surface coverage of the aerosol
droplets, even on non-horizontal surfaces. [24]
1. Cyclone Ultra II
The Cyclone Ultra II with its 2-stage blower and rugged metering valve assures particles
under 20 microns regardless of flow rate and viscosity of material. Ideal for pest control
work in areas such as hospitals, nursing homes, schools, apartment buildings, restaurants,
greenhouses, etc. [25]
No more guesswork. Now you can apply pesticides deodorants, fungicides, duct sealant,
disinfectants, miticides, etc. much safer, more efficiently and more economically. The
Cyclone Ultra II can be used in an unlimited variety of indoor/outdoor applications requiring
5-20-micron droplets. [25]
Chemical fogging produces a fine
mist that remains suspended in
the air long enough to kill
airborne viruses and bacteria.

Figure 20 Cyclone Ultra, specifications (left), Cyclone Ultra II (right)
The CycloneTM Ultra-Flex machine is
an electric “Cold Fog” ULV/Mister
that utilizes a rugged anodized
aluminum nozzle and a high-
performance blower. A Flexible hose
is located between the nozzle and
the blower housing to help direct
and dispense the spray into normally
inaccessible or hard to reach areas.
This device is intended for
applications of both Oil Based
(following necessary precautions) and Water Based chemical treatments including wettable
powders and wet flowables. Note: The Solenoid Valve version (models 3000 and 3004) is not
recommended for use with wettable powders. [26]
Figure 23 General Dimensions
Figure 21 Cyclone Ultra II
Figure 22 System Diagram

The body and tank are made of high-density chemical resistant polyethylene. The applicator
is useful for dispensing most chemicals which are labeled for aerosol or mist applications
such a disinfectant, deodorizers, germicides, insecticides, etc., in locations such hospitals,
schools, nursing homes, greenhouses, stables, warehouses, homes, and farm buildings. The
particle sizes generated range from 7 to 30 microns VMD, obtained using water. Machine
output and particle size are dependent upon the viscosity of the liquid being dispensed. [26]
The machine consists of a motor/blower assembly, blower housing, flexible hose, a nozzle,
formulation tank, tank neck filter, metering valve, check valve and shutoff valve (solenoid or
manual, depending of the model). The various components are identified in the fluid
systems diagram and major components diagram. [26]
This device is designed to dispense formulations in a SPRAY (Cold Fog) or MIST. Many of the
formulations which may be dispensed with this machine require registration with or
approval by various government agencies. [26]
If it becomes necessary to operate the machine in areas where the air become saturated
with spray droplets and these droplets accumulate at the blower intake filter, the machine
can be outfitted with an optional “Fresh Air Intake Hose” P/N 62060. [26]
2. Thermo Fogger
Disinfection of any area where people
may come into contact with Covid-19 is
key to being able to reduce and
eliminate the spread of this nasty
highly infectious disease. For people to
venture out from the safety of their
home into the workplace, or any area
where other people may travel or visit,
it is crucial that they feel safe in the
knowledge that the area they frequent, has been sanitized on a regular basis. Ionic Systems
have addressed this important issue by offering external spraying and internal fogging
systems for the professional cleaning contractor. [27]
Ionic Systems Thermo FoggerTM
works on a tried and tested engine principle, of propulsion
of rockets, running on regular petrol. A fuel/air mixture is ignited in the combustion
chamber and the deflagrations oscillate a column of gas in the resonator pipe. At the end of
the resonator, the fogging mixture is injected into the air stream emerging at high velocity,
and dispersed into fine aerosol droplets, which are distributed into an extensive, dense fog.
[27]
Figure 24 Thermo Fogger

Thermo Fogger, allows operatives to work independently, and move quickly without the
need of an electric power source, to rapidly fog internal areas with Vanoquat, which has
passed the EN 14330 test against Vaccine (Covid-19) and can be legally recommended for
use against human Coronavirus. *All equipment supplied, will come with PPE, chemical
mixing, and application training, with certification from The British Window Cleaning
Academy. [27]

E. Other Innovations
Some other technical innovations in the field of mass sanitization are listed below:
1. Cold plasma-based technology
Cold plasma may be just as effective at disinfecting public and private spaces such as
subway cars, offices, and even hospital wards of human viruses. The new reactor produces
charged molecules that aggressively react with other molecules, causing microscopic living
things to sustain a great deal of damage. Running air filled with PRRSv through the new
reactor resulted in the exhaust containing less than five percent of the original living virus
particles. The researchers believe they can improve this number even further. To kill virus
particles, the new reactor features borosilicate glass beads loaded into a cylinder between
which air is made to pass. A voltage is run through the beads so that a plasma is created and
radicals are produced.
2. Automatic Folding Disinfection Channel
Hysun Automatic Folding Disinfection
Channel (AFDC) functions as a
mandatory “passage" with thermal
scanning (extra part) and
decontamination functionalities,
which can monitor and disinfect the
people as they pass through. The
AFDC is a plugin and play, fully
integrated solution for
decontamination and thermo-
detection (extra fitting), which can be
installed in a matter of hours in high-risk locations. All scanning and disinfecting of people,
takes place within transit, without stops and without touching any surfaces. [38]
The AFDC can be installed in15 mins to ensure the monitoring and protection of public
spaces. AFDC Applications Particularly locations visited by large groups of people, which
present a higher risk of contamination/spread of COVID 19 (or other types of viruses). The
AFDC can be located at the entrance of public spaces such as: HOSPITALS, METRO
STATIONS, MARKETS, SUPERMARKETS, AIRPORTS, CUSTOMS, ETC. Also suitable for any
institution/company that wants to protect its employees, customers, and partners, by
preventing the spread of COVID -19. [38]
Figure 25 Hysun Automatic Folding Disinfection Channel (AFDC)

Some of the advantages:
 Stable control of disinfection levels
 Ultrasonic atomization system
 Does not blister at the attitude
 99% disinfection
 Channel lighting (for night use)
 Swivel wheels with brake function
 Easy to move and fold
 Save on sea freight
More information on: Mail: hysun@hysunbuilding.com WhatsApp/Wechat: +86-
13980553862.
3.Airlens Minus Corona
While surveillance of the population is critical, a
significant section of the population engaged in
essential services are required to regularly access
public spaces. Alumnus Debayan Saha collaboratively
developed Airlens Minus Corona, a device which may
help sanitize large areas. The innovators claim that
the product might be able to address the challenge
by using charged water droplets which are ionized
using the viral discharge. [30]
“Alcohols (like ethanol or IPA) are known to
inactivate viruses by denaturing their protein coat.
But the alcohol-based hand sanitizer is useful for
individuals or for sanitizing surfaces at a smaller scale
(home, offices, etc.) in the fight against coronavirus.
However, this is insufficient in such an emergency as it
is impractical to use alcohol for sanitizing cities,” said Saha. [30]
The device is designed to look like Robo Sapien (human-like) machine that operates on the
mechanism of charged water droplets which are ionized using the corona discharge. The
ionized water in return oxidizes the viral protein reducing it to a non-harmful molecule,
opined the innovators. The innovators are hoping to reach out to organizations and
government bodies for large scale application. [30]
Figure 26 Airlens Minus Corona

4. Mobile Thermometry Disinfection Channel
Siboly has launched a brand-new product: Mobile
Thermometry Disinfection Channel. Siboly Mobile
Thermometry Disinfection Channel provides a relatively
closed space channel cabin. The whole cabin is
antibacterial and antifouling. It is modularly assembled
and adopts a thermal infrared thermometer system.
Before entering the disinfection channel cabin, the
temperature of the personnel is tested. If the body
temperature exceeds the set threshold, a buzzer alarm
will be issued, and if the body temperature is normal,
personnel enter the disinfection channel cabin through
the door curtain. [31]
This product uses the principle of ultrasonic high-
frequency vibration, through the high-frequency resonance of the ceramic atomizing sheet,
to disperse the water molecular structure of the disinfectant to produce a naturally flowing
aerosol, and quickly fill the entire disinfection channel cabin, thereby carrying out a 360-
degree disinfection for personnel and materials, cut off the virus transmission path and
ensure public health safety. [31]
5. Ultrasonic Fogging Sterilizing Chamber
Our chambers operate on the concept of Ultrasonic Fogging
System which is considered to be the most effective
disinfection technology compared to spraying nozzle
disinfection system due to its ability to cover 100% of the
area surface, no wet areas, less 85% solution consumption,
fully automated, Non-Toxic and quickly eliminate viruses &
bacteria. Adding to it our cost effective non-hazardous
certified Hydrogen Peroxide + Silver Nitrate disinfectant
solution where 1 L of solution can be mixed with 19 L of
water. You can though be able to use any other solution
that you have as long it is certified. We provided multiple
standard sizes & models that can be installed indoor and
outdoor as well. Customised sizes are also available upon
request. Other models with Body Thermal & Bio-metric
Employee Attendance Cameras with Thermal & Mask
detection are available [32]
Figure 27 Mobile Thermometry Disinfection
Channel
Figure 28 Ultrasonic Fogging
Sterilizing Chamber

Summary
As we have various methods for sanitation, on large scale how can we implement the same
and ensure proper sanitation and hygiene is maintained. For this one of the solution that
can be planned is that portable UV sanitizer can be kept in bus at all the seats such that the
travelers can sanitize them and the same can kept at the entrance of the railway stations
and at each compartment in trains to ensure that proper sanitation can be done. Drones can
be assigned to particular pin codes and they can go as per the scheduler in a particular
region of that pin code and ensure proper sanitation is done. Apart from this at parking lots
we can use cold plasma technology such that they can sanitize the cars as well as the area
and can be mandatory for society to have this to ensure that the area is sanitized at proper
intervals. LED based disinfection can be used at hospitals and within societies to ensure
safety.
We have selected some of the most prominent solutions/products in Mass Sanitization &
Virus Inactivation domain. However, there are hundreds of products/technological solutions
available which are available or can be scaled and mass produced. If you require a detailed
report (custom or managed services) of such products, please visit www.patbnb.com or
contact us at futureis@patbnb.com

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37. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-iit-guwahati-students-develop-drone-to-
sanitise-large-areas-2203434
38. https://youtu.be/zkS0x-epBHM

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