Movement

1. Shutter Speed and
Movement
Movement Assignment
Parts 1 & 2

2. Learning to freeze or blur
movement in a controlled way.

4. The DSLR Camera

5. Shutter Speed Activity
• Set your camera to TV
Test one
1.Set the shutter speed to 1/250
2.Set the shutter speed to 1/2000
Test two
1.Set the shutter speed to 1/8
2.Set the shutter speed to 4”
• Make sure your white balance (WB) is on auto
• Make sure your ISO is set to auto

6. The reciprocal relationship
A Golden Rule - For any given exposure, if we halve one of the three
variables (aperture / shutter speed / image receptor sensitivity) and
double another, we will still achieve the same exposure.

7. At this point, there is a key difference between
our eyes and a camera. No matter how long we
look at something, it stays looking the same - no
lighter, no darker. If a camera receptor is
continually exposed to something, it will
eventually receive so much light that it will just
burn out - not literally, but it will record an image
as completely white.
To overcome this, the camera’s image receptor
needs to receive light through the aperture for a
certain length of time. Any longer is too much,
any shorter is not enough.
Shutter Speed

8. Think about what you learnt
about shutter speed from the
exposure project…
Do you think this image was
taken on a fast or slow shutter
speed? Why?

9. Think about what
you learnt about
shutter speed from
the exposure
project…
Do you think this
image was taken on
a fast or slow shutter
speed? Why?

10. Photographic Assignment ‘Movement’
At the time of taking the first photographs the enemy of the photographer was
‘movement’!! Why? Well, because the exposure times for a photograph were very
slow in terms of minutes any movement of the subject would produce a BLUR!! This
would been seen as a fault in the photograph. One of the very first photographs by
Niepce took 8 hours to register in the camera.
It isn’t a coincidence that many of the first
photographic experiments used buildings or
objects as a subject because they were still.
In the photographs<right> by
Daguerre the only people
registered in a busy street
were a man having his shoes
cleaned,They were still for
long enough to be captured
The 8 hour exposure meant that shadows
were recorded on both sides of the image
The street would have been very busy.Why can’t we
see them?

11. Photographic Assignment ‘Movement’
The avoidance of blur or unsharpness in photographs led to technical
developments to reduce exposure times. Even then portrait sitters had to suffer
being clamped in position to avoid moving during the exposure.This would
account for the comparatively serious and immobile expressions in early portrait
photography

12. Photographic Assignment ‘Movement’
The creative use of ‘blur’. The photographers intention is to experiment with the
capacity of photographic equipment to capture the invisible appearance of
movement to the naked eye. This requires vision and technical skill.

14. Fast Shutter Speeds
(shutter speeds faster than 1/60th sec)

19. Slow Shutter Speeds
(shutter speeds slower than 1/60th sec)

27. Practise Task
• Take an image that freezes movement
= fast shutter speed (above 1/60)
• Take an image that shows blurred
movement
= Slower shutter speed (below 1/60)
• You will have to experiment with shutter
speeds to get the effect you desire.
15 mins
Time
limit

28. Movement Assignment – Part 1
Fast Shutter Speed = Frozen Movement
• Add a collection of photographers’ work with a strong element of movement.
• Include some well known photographers such as:
• Henri Cartier Bresson
• Lois Greenfield
• Nick Knight
• Elaine Constantine
• Stephen Dalton
• Harold Eugene Edgerton
• Jacques Henri Lartigue
• Choose 2 images to analyse and comment on.
AO1 Develop ideas
through investigations
informed by contextual
and other sources
demonstrating
analytical and cultural
understanding.

29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
Lois Greenfield

30. Investigating other
photographers’ work
Why has the photographer used a fast
shutter speed?
Try to guess the shutter speed.
What technical aspects would the
photographer have to consider?
Identify the formal elements that are strong
in the image.
Add your personal opinion of the image.
Can you find any quotes from the
photographer or about the photographer
with regards to their use of shutter speed?Rui Palha, Lisbon, Portugal
by Henri Cartier-Bresson 1952

31. Movement Assignment – Part 1
Slow Shutter Speed = Blurred Movement
• Add a collection of photographers’ work with a strong element of movement.
• Include some well known photographers such as:
• Alexey Titarenko
• Anton Bragaglia
• Shinichi Maruyama
• Francesca Woodman
• Tom Ziebinski
• Gjon Mili
• Mark Leibowitz
• Joel James Devlin
Choose 2 images to analyse and comment on.
AO1 Develop ideas
through investigations
informed by contextual
and other sources
demonstrating
analytical and cultural
understanding.

32. Movement Assignment – Part 2
• Take a selection of images that demonstrate your
understanding of how to use shutter speed to freeze
movement.
• Take a selection of images that demonstrate your
understanding of how to use shutter speed to capture
blurred movement.
AO2 Refine ideas through
experimenting and selecting
appropriate resources, media,
materials, techniques and
processes.
AO3 Record ideas, observations
and insights relevant to
intentions in visual and/or other
forms.
6
Lessons

33. Students work
slow shutter speed – blurred
movement

34. Students work
fast shutter speed – frozen
movement

35. Movement Assignment – Part 3
• Present your assignment on your website.
AO4 Present a personal, informed and
meaningful response demonstrating
analytical and critical understanding,
realising intentions and where appropriate,
making connections between visual,
written, oral or other elements.

36. AQA Assessment Objectives
AO1 Develop ideas through investigations informed by
contextual and other sources demonstrating analytical and
cultural understanding.
AO2 Refine ideas through experimenting and selecting
appropriate resources, media, materials, techniques and
processes.
AO3 Record ideas, observations and insights relevant to
intentions in visual and/or other forms.
AO4 Present a personal, informed and meaningful response
demonstrating analytical and critical understanding, realising
intentions and where appropriate, making connections between
visual, written, oral or other elements.

37. Photographic Assignment Extension - ‘Movement’ Splashes and Drips

38. Why has the photographer used a fast
shutter speed?
Try to guess the shutter speed.
What technical aspects would the
photographer have to consider?
Identify the formal elements that are
strong in the image.
Add your personal opinion of the
image.
Can you find any quotes from the
photographer or about the
photographer with regards to their use
of shutter speed?
Why has the photographer used a fast
shutter speed?
Try to guess the shutter speed.
What technical aspects would the
photographer have to consider?
Identify the formal elements that are
strong in the image.
Add your personal opinion of the
image.
Can you find any quotes from the
photographer or about the
photographer with regards to their use
of shutter speed?
Investigating photographers’ work Investigating photographers’ work