settlement

1. GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING, AMRAVATI
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SETTLEMET Of Shallow Foundation

2. Introduction
 The settlement of footing is to be
determined for safe bearing pressure
and if the settlement exceeds the
permissible settlement then allowable
bearing pressure is required to be
determined so that settlement of the
footing is within permissible limit.

3. Settlement of footing
Estimation of total and differential
settlement is a fundamental aspect of
the design of shallow foundation.
Settlement of foundation can be
classified as-
1. Elastic settlement (Si):
Elastic or immediate settlement
takes place during or immediately after
the construction of the structure.

4. Settlement of footing
2. Consolidation settlement (Sc):
Consolidation settlement occurs due to gradual
expulsion of water from the voids at the soil. It is
determined using Terzaghi's theory of
consolidation.
3. Secondary consolidation settlement (Ss):
The settlement occurs after completion of the
primary consolidation. The secondary
consolidation is non-significant for inorganic
soils.
Thus,
Total settlement (s) = Si+ Sc + Ss

6. Elastic settlement of foundation
According to IS code, the vertical settlement under
uniformly distributed flexible area is,
 where
q -Uniformly distributed load.
B - Characteristic length of loaded area,
Es - Modulus of elasticity of the soil.
μ - Poisson's ratio.
I - Influence factor which dependent upon
elastic properties of base &
shape at base.
 Alternatively, the value of can be

10. Consolidation settlement is given by
Cc σ0 + Δσ
Sc = Ho log10
1+e0 σ0
.
in which, 0 - initial effective stress.
 - change in effective stress.
e0 – initial void ratio
Ho - Height of layer
Cc -coefficient of compression
Empirical relationship after Terzaghi & Peck;
a) for undisturbed soils Cc = 0.009 ( wL- 10 )
b) for remoulded soils Cc = 0.007 ( wL- 10 )
WL- liquid limit
Consolidation Settlement :

11. CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT – PROBLEM 1

13. CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT – PROBLEM 2

17. CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT – PROBLEM 3

18. CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT – PROBLEM 3

19. CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT – PROBLEM 3

20. CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT – PROBLEM 3

21. CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT – PROBLEM 4
A square footing is to be established in a clayey soil at a
depth of 2 m, where water table has risen upto the ground
level, as shown in fig. Determine the width of the footing if
it is permitted to settle by 120 mm for the given data.
Assume that the net load given is constant

22. CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT – PROBLEM 4

23. Uniform settlement and angular distortion

24. Permissible maximum and differential
settlement as per IS Code