1. Made by
Sarthak
Agarwal
7-c

2. Water is essential for life.

3. There is 97% of all the
water on the earth
Is in the ocean and
only 3% is fresh water.
That leaves 2% frozen
and out of that
Less than 1% for
drinking water.

4. The Three forms of Water.
 Solids: When water becomes very cold and freezes
it will change from a liquid to a solid. It has a
definite form and shape.
 Liquids: When water takes the shape of its
container it is in a liquid form.
 Gases: When water is seen in a vapor form and has
no definite size or shape it is in a gas form.

5. Solids
 We see it
 In ice

6. Liquids

7. In nature we see water in its liq
form.

8. Gases
 You see water in
the form of gas,
when you see……..

9. Steam is water in a gaseous
form.
 Water also becomes a gas
when it evaporates,
 Or when you see a geyser
or hot pots.

10. FOG

11. WATER CYCLE
Evaporation, transpiration,
condensation, precipitation.
WATER CYCLE

12. Evaporation
What is evaporation?
Evaporation is water
vapors that rise into
the air until it cools
and condenses and
forms water droplets

13. Where does it come
from?
 Millions of water
droplets come together
to form clouds. The
clouds get heavy and
gravity tugs on the
droplets and the clouds
release

14. Condensation

15. Precipitation

16. Water Pollution

17. Two thirds of our planet is
covered by water.
97.5% of the water is
saltwater.
The majority of freshwater
is beyond our reach, locked
into polar snow and ice.
Water wORLD

18. The number of people
with access to clean
water has doubled in
the last 20 years.
1.1 billion people in
the world still do not
have access to safe
water. This is nearly
20% of the
population.
CLEAN WATER

19. 22%
8%
70%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Agriculture Domestic Industry
Water uses
%oftotalwaterused
WORLD WATER
USES

20. Do you leave the tap on
when you clean your
teeth? You waste 5
litres of water.
You only need ¼ litre!
SAVING WATER

21. Diminished Water Supply
DROUGHT

22. ESI

23. Where does it all go!
Where does the water
from the washer go? When you flush the toilet
where does the contents go?
By gravity flow, the waste is on its way to your local
wastewater treatment plant!

24. Why treat wastewater? Causes a demand for dissolved oxygen (lower DO
levels of streams)
 Adds nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) to cause
excessive growth
 Increases suspended solids or sediments in streams
(turbidity increase)

25. Levels of Treatment
Primary
 removal by physical separation of grit and large objects
(material to landfill for disposal)
Secondary
 aerobic microbiological process (sludge)
organic matter + O2  CO2 + NH3 + H2O
NH3  NO3
-
- lowers suspended solids content (into sludge)
aquatic nutrient
Mostly dead
microbes

26. Aeration and
rapid mixing
Settling
collects sludge
on bottom
Secondary process
air
diffuser
Fromprimaryprocess
Totertiaryprocess

27. Levels of Treatment continued
Tertiary (advanced)
 anaerobic microbiological process with a different microbe
where O2 is toxic (more sludge)
NO3
-  N2 (escapes to atmosphere)
 PO4
-3 if not removed in sludge in secondary process
PO4
-3 + Al+3  AlPO4 (s) (into sludge)
- aeration to strip N2 and re-oxygenate (add DO)

28. Slow mixing
to keep suspended and O2
out
Settling
collects sludge
on bottom
Tertiary process
Fromsecondaryprocess
Effluent
add methanol as food source

29. When the treatment is done…
 Effluent back to stream after
 a final carbon filtration and
 chlorination/dechlorination
 Sludge – very nutrient rich
 applied directly to land as fertilizer
 incinerated (good fuel after drying)
 composted (Compro® from WSSC)
Note – Leafgro® is composted leaves and grass from
MES

30. Water Conservation & Harvesting
Total water management for
sustainable development?.

31. Water Conservation
 Important step for solutions to issues of water and
environmental conservation is to change people's
attitudes and habits
 Conserve water because it is right thing to do!.
 What you can do to conserve water?
 Use only as much water as you require. Close the
taps well after use. While brushing or other use,
do not leave the tap running, open it only when
you require it. See that there are no leaking taps.
 Use a washing machine that does not consume
too much water. Do not leave the taps running
while washing dishes and clothes.

32. Water Conservation…
 Install small shower heads to reduce the flow of
the water. Water in which the vegetables & fruits
have been washed - use to water the flowers &
plants.
 At the end of the day if you have water left in your
water bottle do not throw it away, pour it over
some plants.
 Re-use water as much as possible
 Change in attitude & habits for
water conservation
 Every drop counts!!!

33. WHAT IS Rain Water
Harvesting?.
• Rain Water Harvesting RWH- process of collecting, conveying & storing
water from rainfall in an area – for beneficial use.
• Storage – in tanks, reservoirs, underground storage- groundwater
• Hydrological Cycle

34. • Roof Rain Water Harvesting
• Land based Rain Water Harvesting
• Watershed based Rain Water harvesting
• For Urban & Industrial Environment –
• Roof & Land based RWH
• Public, Private, Office & Industrial buildings
• Pavements, Lawns, Gardens & other open spaces
RWH – Methodologies

35. Rain Water Harvesting–
Advantages
1.Provides self-sufficiency to water supply
2.Reduces the cost for pumping of ground water
3.Provides high quality water, soft and low in minerals
4.Improves the quality of ground water through dilution when
recharged
5.Reduces soil erosion & flooding in urban areas
6.The rooftop rain water harvesting is less expensive & easy to
construct, operate and maintain
7. In desert, RWH only relief
8. In saline or coastal areas & Islands, rain water provides good
quality water

36. THE END