1. Genes and Behavior Kandel Chapter 3

3. Hydrogen bonds between C and G, and between T and A determine the stability of the “double elix” forming DNA and other similar nucleic acids

4. Human cromosomes

5. Crush course in gene expression: Gene expression = using genes for producing proteins There are only 4 nucleotide bases (T, C, A, G) and pairing is forced: (T-A and C-G) A gene is a sequence of bases encoding for a protein . Cromosomes (DNA, in the nucleus) are series of genes linked together (exons, ~5% of the total length) , with long non-coding regions inpterposed in between (introns, ~95% of the total length )

12. Identical Twin Studies - Raised Apart - Raised Together

13. Psychological features dependent on genetic or on environmental factors in three different studies

14. Knock-in or knock-out transgenic animals are valid tools for neuroscience research

16. In Drosophila two genes linked to circadian oscillations have been thoroughly studied: PER(iod) and TIM(less) genes They act in tandem as inhibitors of transcription. One of them is light-sensitive: light impairs its function and the complex stops working as transcription inhibitor

20. In mice a circadian rhythm gene has been identified: CLOCK Yellow indicates light. The black dots represent motor activity (mice are nocturnal animals) Circadian rythms are compromised in the -/- homozygotic animal

22. Huntington disease: As in many other genetic diseases, the mistaken repeat of a triplet (CAG) produces an anomalous protein, of yet unknown function, that is associated with HD symptoms. The longer the repeat, the younger the age of onset of the disease.