1. ORGANIZING
Organizing: The process by which managers establish
working relationships among employees to achieve goals.
According To Chester Bernard
Organization: “An Organization is a system of
consciously coordinated activities or efforts of two or
more persons.”
 A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some
specific purpose
Common Characteristics of Organizations
– Have a distinct purpose (goal)
– Composed of people
– Have a deliberate structure

2. IMPORTANCE OF ORANISING
 Organizing is the process of selecting and structuring the
means by which those objective are to be achieved .
 Organizing process deals with how the work is to be
divided and how coordination of different aspects is to be
achieved.
 All works should be organized efficiently in order to use
the resources available to us in the most efficient manner
 Organizing establish lines of authority. This create order
within the organization.
 Organizing is important to improve communication
among the members.

3. THE ORGANIZATION PROCESS
Reviewing Plans
&Objectives
Determining
Activities
Classifying &Grouping
Activities
Assigning work
&resources
Evaluating
Results

4. FORMAL ORGANIZATION
 A Formal Organization Means" The intentional
structure of roles in a formally organized enterprise .”
 A formal organization typically consists of a classical
mechanistic hierarchical structure .
 In such a type of structure ,the position ,responsibility,
authority ,accountability &the lines of command are
clearly defined &established .
 It is a system of well-defined jobs with a prescribed
pattern of communication ,coordination &delegation of
authority

5. INFORMAL ORGANISATION
 A INFORMAL ORGANIZATION MEANS “A network of personal
and social relations not established or required by the formal
organization but arising spontaneously as people associate with one
another.”
 The informal organization is a powerful instrument in all
organizations and sometimes it can mean the difference between
success and failure of the organization.
 The informal group also serves as an additional channel of
communication to the management about conditions at work ,which
may not be available through official channels.

6. SPAN OF MANAGEMENT/SPAN OF
CONTROL
 Span of Control
– The number of employees who can be effectively and efficiently
supervised by a manager.
– Width of span affected by:
 Skills and abilities of the manager
 Employee characteristics
 Characteristics of the work being done
 Similarity of tasks
 Complexity of tasks
 Physical proximity of subordinates
 Standardization of tasks