2. SAMIA ASLAM
B.Ed. 05

3. WHAT IS
REPORT & WHY
WRITE A
REPORT.

4. A Report is a logical
presentation of facts &
fictions, which is designed to
give a complete picture
about what has taken place
at a distance form the
reader.

5. BUT according to BACIE
 The British Association for
Commercial & Industrial Education
has defined it as
“ A document in which a given
problem is examined, for the
purpose of conveying
information & findings, putting
forward ideas first, & sometimes
making recommendations”.

6. How are reports different
form essays?
Reports are findings and
making recommendations
rather than a criticizing a
subject.
Essay : The maker concentrates
upon the opinions & criticism of
the interviewee, and leaves the rest
for the reader to justify.

7. KINDS OF REPORTS
Objective is either to present information
or to analyze a particular situation
RESEARCH REPORT
 SCIENTIFIC REPORT
 BUSINESS REPORTS

8. RESEARCH REPORT
 In a research report, you should present
the background of the research, its
findings, theoretical implications and
practical applications of the result .
The purpose of this report is to
convey the data Clearly, Concisely,&
Correctly as far as possible.

9. SCIENTIFIC REPORT
 Seeks to solve the problem, by
investigating events, Gathering &
Analyzing data
 Followed by arriving at a decisions
& Making recommendations.

10. BUSINESS REPORT
Business report writing happens to be an indispensable
part of the communication process. Executive
summary is written in a non-technical manner. By and
large, audience for business reports will consist of
upper level manager, for that reason you should take
the audience needs in consideration.

11. ELEMENTS FOR EFECTIVE
BUSINESS REPORT WRITTING
1. ACCURATE :
 Effective n Professional : Through
Facts, Examples, information,
Guidelines, Format and layout
.
The overall view must show proper
Guidelines, Format, Structure, Headings,
Layout, Tips and Hints

12. 2dn ELEMENT …
2. OBJECTIVITY
 Materials should be free from
personal feeling or opinions.
 Must contain both positive
and negative aspects.

13. FORMAT
 The format depends upon the
type and purpose of the
report.
 In general, there are two broad
types of format depends upon
whether the summary and/or
recommendations are placed
after the main body, or placed
before the main body.

14. THE FORMAT CHOSEN MIGHT BE
EITHER ONE OF THE TWO.
 Format where the findings / recommendations
follow the main body……1
 Cover sheet
 Title page
 Abstract
 Table of contents
 Introduction
 The body of the report
 Conclusion (and recommendations if applicable)
 References / Bibliography / Glossary (if needed)
 Appendices

15. The 2nd Format may be
Letter of transmittal
Title page
Table of contents
Summary and/or recommendations
Body of report
Conclusions
Appendices
Bibliography

16. STEPS FOR WRITING
REPORTS…pg.1
1. Consider both your word
count and your time frame
2. Analyze your topic carefully

17. 2a. WHILE ANALYZING
 Who are the audience
 What do they want to know
 What exactly is required to report
 What is the purpose of the report [is it
to record, inform, instruct, analyze or
to persuade]
 What is the scope of your report?
 What aspects should the topic cover
 What are the limits of the report?

18. What are the 3 limits
of a report?
Limits to the information
[topic, which confines to
place, time or group]
Number of words and the
time available.
Limits on the resources
available.

19. STEPS FOR WRITING
REPORTS…..2
Make an initial plan
Locate your information
and take notes
Prepare the first draft
Evaluate your draft
carefully

20. This Extended Formal Report are used
by Companies if needed to show to the public.
The contents the Report follows:
 Title Page / Contents / Synopsis
 Terms of reference
 Procedure
 Detailed findings
 Conclusions
 Recommendation
 Appendices
 Bibliography

21. Short Formal Report - for
internal use in companies.
Title Page
Terms of reference
 Procedure
 Findings
 Conclusions

22. COMMON MISTAKES
 BORING
 ERRORS
 LANGUAGE
 LENGTHY

23. THANKS