2. Pathology
1. The calcium level is influenced by all factors except....
a-diet
b-vitamin D
C-intestinal absorbtion
d-vitamin C
2. The normal blood level of calcium ranges between...
a-0.9-0.11mg
b-0.9-11mg
c-9-11g
d-9-11mg
3. The cases of increase in serum levels of calcium are the following except.....
a- cases tuberculous lesion
b-primary hyperthyroidism
c-secondary hyperthyroidism
d-sarcoidosis
4. Dystrophic calcification is deposition of calcium in dead or dying tissues and
occur in abnormal serum level of calcium
a- true
b- false
5. All of the following are true about acute inflammation (except):
a) sudden onset
b) short duration
c) manifested histologically by influx of lymphocytes
d) non of the above
6. All are systemic manifestations of acute inflammation (except):
a) increase level of C-reactive protein
b) decrease in ESR
c) leukopenia
d) leukocytosis
7. Formation of transudate is due to:
a) vasoconstriction
b) stasis
c) increase in the local hydrostatic pressure
d) increase vascular permeability
3. 8. Endothelial retraction:
a) leading to widen of inter-cellular gaps
b) caused by histamine and bradykinin
c) immediate
d) leading to reorganization of the endothelial cytoskeleton
9. Exudate has a tendency to coagulate.
a) True
b) False
10. The causative agent of inflammation works directly at first to cause:
A- vasodilation
B- prolonged vasoconstriction
C- stasis
D- slowed circulation
E- none of the above
11. During the phases of acute inflammation, Vasodilation aims at which of
the following?
A- dilution of toxins in the inflamed part
B- delivery of more leukocytes and erythrocytes
C- hotness of the area of inflammation
D- all of the above
12. Endothelial contraction differs from endothelial retraction in that:
A- the space between endothelial cells is increased in case of endothelial
retraction only.
B- endothelial cells participate in widening the intercellular gaps in case of
endothelial contraction only
C- endothelial contraction is mediated by bradykinin and leukotrienes while
endothelial retraction is mediated by Timor necrosis factor and IL-1
D- both B and C
13. Leukocytes may cause endothelial injury in case of acute inflammation:
A- true
B- false
14. Hypoprotinemia may cause:
A- formation of exudate in different areas of the body
B- presence of small proteins as albumin in the extra vascular space
C- increased vascular permeability
D- all of the above
4. 15. Loss of function due to acute inflammation is due to:
A- swelling of the area
B- hotness of the area so that cells cannot function well
C- pain and tissue damage
D- all of the above
16. Extravasation includes all of the following except:
A- migration and rolling
B- adhesion and transmission
C- chemotaxis and activation
D- phagocytosis
17. Chemotactic agents include all of the following except:
A- bacterial toxins
B- cytokines
C- interleukins
D- leukotrienes B4
E- all of the above
18. Which of the following cells is not involved in phagocytosis in case of
acute inflammation?
A- polymorph nuclear Leukocytes
B- macrophages
C- neutrophils
D- natural killer cells
19. Oxygen-independent mechanism of killing injurious organisms is
triggered by activation of leukocyte-NADPH oxidase:
A- true
B- false
20. Chediak Higashi syndrome results in:
A- defects in phagocytise adhesion
B- impairment of locomotion
C- impairment of formation of phagosomes
D- both B and C
21. Phlegmonous is considered as:
A- acute localised inflammation with purulence formation
B- chronic localised inflammation with purulence formation
C- acute diffuse non suppurative inflammation
D- none of the above
5. 22. Pseudomembranous inflammation in case of bacillary dysentery affects:
A- pericardium
B- upper respiratory tract
C- liver parenchyma
D- intestine
23. Fate of the disease is the outcome which can be in the form of;
A-Healing by regeneration.
B-Healing by organization.
C-Complicance into chronic inflammation.
D-All of above.
E-A and B.
24. Transmission of a suppurative inflammation to the bone providing an
insertion to an inflammed muscle is an example of Spread by;
A-Direct contact.
B-Through normal passage.
C-Through blood.
D-Through lymaphatics.
25. Lymphangitis is a term defined by;
A-Inflammation of pectoral lymph nodes.
B-Inflammation in lymph vessels.
C-malignancy in lymph node and thymus.
D-Non of the above.
26. Lymphadenitis is a term defined by;
A-Inflammation of pectoral lymph vessels.
B-Inflammation in lymph nodes.
C-malignancy in lymph node and thymus.
D-Non of the above.
27. Bactermia is the circulating of bacteria for a long time within circulation with
no toxins;
A-True.
B-False.
28. Which of the following organ is the most impotant organ in systemic
pyemia;
A-Heart.
B-Lung.
C-Brain.
D-Kidney.
6. 29. Case study;
Ahmed is a 45 year old complain purelent at the back of the neck with
complication of diabetes,as well,The doctor tries to remove the abcess
surgically and with chemotherapy,However after a month Ahmed Complains
the abcess again.
29.1. What is the type of inflammation in this case;
A-Furuncle.
B-Carbuncle.
C-Phlegmonous.
D-Cellulitis.
29.2. Despite of antibiotic utelization the abcess is regained what is the
possible cause;
A-The abcess is induced via resisting bacteria.
B-The surgeon has removed the abcess partially.
C-Non of the above
29.3. The possible indication of the abcess healing in case is;
A-Ulcer.
B-Fistula.
C-Sinus.
D-Keloid.
30. All the following are protective response of acute inflammation ,except :
a) Muscle atrophy
b) Localization of injurious agent
c) Neutralization of toxin
d) Removing of dead cells
31. De novo chronic inflammation has acute inflammtion origin
a) True
b) False
32. Infection with intracellular microbes ,mainly leads to ..
a) Chronic inflammation
b) Acute inflammation
c) A and B with same degree
33. The main cells in granulomatois inflammation are
a) Plasma cells
b) Eosinophils
c) Macrophage
d) Neutrophilis
7. 34. In parasitic infection , the main immune cells are..
a) Macrophage
b) Eosinophils
c) B- lymphocyte
d) T-lymphocyte
Answers
1. d 2. d 3. a 4. b
5. c 6. b 7. c 8. d
9. a 10. e 11. a 12. d
13. a 14. b 15. c 16. d
17. c 18. d 19. b 20. d
21. d 22. d 23. e 24. a
25. b 26. b 27. b 28. b
29. 1.b 2.b 3.c 30. a 31. b
32. a 33. c 34. B
Community
1. ..................... may be disabling but not be fatal
A)diabetes
B ) mental illness
C) rheumatoid arthitis
D) b and c
2. .................are used to supplement mortality data to describe the health
status of apopulation.
A ) disability rates
B ) mortality rates
C ) morbidity rates
D ) all of the above
3. .........................overlook a large number of subclinical and unapparent
conditions .
A ) disability rates
B ) morbidity rates
C ) mortality rates
D ) all of the above
8. 4. The following morbidity rates are used for assesing ill health in the
community except ..................
A ) admission , readmission and discharge rates
B ) spells of sickness or absence from work or school
C ) incidence and prevalence
D ) none of the above
5. .................rate uses number of current cases but ................. rate uses
number of developing cases only.
A ) prevalence , incidence
B ) incidence , prevalence
C ) point and period prevalence , incidence
D ) a and c
6. Number of current cases of aspecific disease at a given point of time in
alocality is measured by ...................... rate
A ) point prevalence
B ) period prevalence
C ) incidence
D all of the above
7. Number of current cases of aspecific disease during a period of time in
alocality is measured by ...................... rate
A ) point prevalence
B ) period prevalence
C ) incidence
D all of the above
8. The .................... rates are based on the health implies a full range of
daily activities .
A ) nutritional
B ) health care delivery
C ) disability
D ) utilization
9. All following disability rates are event type indicators except ................
A ) number of days of restricted activity
B ) bed disability days
C ) work loss days within a specified period
D ) mobility limitation
9. 10. Limitation to perform the basics of daily living is limitation of .......................
A ) mobility
B ) quality
C ) activity
D ) all if the above
11. Infant mortality rate is one of .................... indicators
A ) mortality
B ) morbidity
C ) nutritional status
D ) a and c
12. Prevalence of anemia is one of .................... indicators
A ) nutritional
B ) morbidity
C ) mortality
D ) a and b
E ) a and c
13. Population per traditional birth attendant is ................... indicator
A ) health care delivery
B ) utilization
C ) social and mental health
D ) socioeconomic
14. Proportion of pregnant women who delivered by atrained birth attendant is
................. indicator .
A ) health care delivery
B ) utilization
C ) social and mental health
D ) socioeconomic
15. .................. indicators measure suicide , homicide , alcohol and drug
abuse , neglected children , smoking and family violence.
A ) health care delivery
B ) utilization
C ) social and mental health
D ) socioeconomic
16. The most useful environmental indicator is ........................
A) radiation indicator
B ) exposure to toxic substances
C ) pollution of air and water
D ) proportion of population having acess to safe water and sanitation
10. 17. Family size indicator is ................... indicator but family planning is
...................... indicator
A ) socioeconomic , utilization
B ) socisl and mental health , socioeconomic
C ) utilization , socioeconomic
D ) socioeconomic , social and mental health
18. Proportion of infants are fully immunized against 9 diseases in ( Epl) is an
example of ................... indicator.
A ) health care delivery
B ) utilization
C ) health policy
D ) life quality
19. Per capita Gross National Product is ................... indicator .
A) social and mental health
B ) socioeconomic
C ) health policy
D ) life quality
20. Physical quality life index is one of ..................... indicators
A) socioeconomic
B ) health policy
C ) life quality
D ) utilization
21. Physical quality of life index consolidates ....................indicators
A ) infant mortality
B ) life expectancy
C ) literacy
D ) all of the above
22. Proportion of Gross National Product spent on health services is
....................... indicator
A ) health policy
B ) life quality
C ) socioeconomic
D ) utilization
23. Study and management of environmental condition affect the health and
well being of humans is..................
A)community
B ) environmental health
C)environment
D)environmental hazards
11. 24. ............................... are factors in the invironment that increase the risk of
human injury , disease or death.
A ) community
B ) environmental health
C ) environment
D ) environmental hazards
25. ........................ is the practise of stablishing and maintaining health and
hygenic conditiins in the environment .
A) environmental health
B ) environmental hazards
C ) environmental sanitation
D ) all of the above
26. The protection of communities from biological hazards is the job of the
.................................
A ) biologist
B ) sceintist
C ) doctor
D ) sanitary engineer
27. Release of pollutants from a factory or sewage treatment plant is
.......................source of water pollution that cause waterborne disease.
A ) point
B ) single identifable
C ) non point
D ) a and b
28. leakageof pollutants from farmfields or acidrains is .......................source of
water pollution that cause waterborne disease.
A ) point
B ) single identifable
C ) non point
D ) a and b
29. All of the following are viral diseases transmitted by water except
....................
A ) rotavirus
B ) hepatitis A
C ) hepatitis B
D ) poliomyelitis
12. 30. All of the following are bacterial diseases transmitted by food except
.........................
A) salmonellal
B ) bacillary dysentry
C ) Escherichia coli
D ) shigella spp
31. Staphylococcus aureus produce exotoxine causes ............... disease .
A ) waterborne
B ) food borne
C ) vectorborne
D ) intestine vomiting
E ) b and d
32. All of the following are vectorborne diseases except ..................
A ) malaria and filariasis
B ) plaque
C ) epidemic typhus
D ) typhoid fever
33. Pesticides , lead , environmental tobacco smoke and radon are sources of
.................... hazards .
A ) biological
B ) physical
C ) chemical
D ) social
34. The highest group risk for pesticide poisoning is ..................
A) olders
B ) young children
C ) pecticides workers
D ) b and c
35. Lung cancer and heart diseases result from .................
A) pesticide poisoning
B ) environmental tobacco smoke
C ) lead poisoning
D ) all of the above
36. Humans who exposed to lead may be have .....................
A ) lead poisoning
B ) anemia
C ) sterility
D ) all of the above
13. 37. Transportation , electric fuel plants , industrial processes and burning
cause .....................
A ) air pollution
B ) outdoor pollution
C ) water pollution
D ) a and b
38. Pollution of the outdoor air has resulted in ........................
A ) acid rain
B ) global warming
C ) ozone layer destruction
D ) photochemical smog
E ) all of the above
39. Indoor air pollutants are more concentrated and dangerous than outdoor
air pollutants.
A) true
B ) false
40. .................... is any designed combination of methods to facilitate voluntary
adaptation of behavior to the promotion , maintainance and restoration of
health .
A ) health education
B ) health promotion
C ) health hazards
D ) health behaviors
41. .......................... is any combination of organizational , economical ,
environmental supports and condition of living guide to better health.
A ) health education
B ) health promotion
C ) health hazards
D ) health bahaviors
42. Health education is much boarder than health promotion.
A ) true
B ) false
43. ..................are behaviors that a person engages in to prevent a disease
but .......................... to prevent an existing disease from getting worse .
A ) health maintainance behaviors , health restoration behaviors
B ) health restoration behaviors , health promotion behaviors
C ) health restoration behaviors , health maintainance behaviors
D ) health promotion behaviors , health education behavior
14. 44. Any activity undertaken by healthy individuals for the purpose of preventing
is considered ...........................
A ) self_care behavior
B ) risk taking behavior
C ) preventive health behavior
D ) health care utilization behavior
45. ................... actions iclude complete home treatment or before seeking
medical attention .
A ) self_care behavior
B ) risk taking behavior
C ) preventive health behavior
D ) health care utilization behavior
46. ...................... includes use of health services either for prevention or early
detection and treatment.
A ) self_care behavior
B ) risk taking behavior
C ) preventive health behavior
D ) health care utilization behavior
47. ......................... can help prevent STDs and unwanted pegnancies.
A ) self_care behavior
B ) sexual behavior
C ) preventive health behavior
D ) health care utilization behavior
48. Drinking alcohol during driving is ...................., but the habit of drinking
alcohol is ................
A) substance_ use behavior , risk taking behavior
B ) risk taking behavior , substance_use behavior
C ) dietary behavior , substance use behavior
D ) substance use behavior , dietary behavior
49. .................... refers to eating patterns , shopping and eating out.
A) consumption behavior
B ) substance use behavior
C ) dietary behavior
D ) a and b
E ) a and c
50. Immunization is ......................
A ) self_care behavior
B ) sexual behavior
C ) preventive health behavior
D ) health care utilization behavior
15. 51. Washing hand before eating and seat belts is......................
A ) self_care behavior
B ) sexual behavior
C ) preventive health behavior
D ) health care utilization behavior
52. Eating chicken soap ,drinking liquids and wound dressing are
...........................
A ) self_care behavior
B ) sexual behavior
C ) preventive health behavior
D ) health care utilization behavior
53. An extreme and unsafe use of drugs , tobacco , alcohol and cocaine is
..................................
A ) self_care behavior
B ) substance use behavior
C ) preventive health behavior
D ) health care utilization behavior
54. ....................are factors that affect behavior.
A) predisposing factors.
B ) enabling factors .
C ) reinforcing factors .
D ) all of the above .
55. ................... are factors that make people want to engage in a specific
behavior and including knowladge , beliefs , attitudes and perceptions .
A) predisposing factors.
B ) enabling factors .
C ) reinforcing factors .
D ) all of the above .
56. ................ is astatement or sense or feeling accepted as true by a person
or group .
A) belief
B ) attitude
C ) perception
D ) habit
57. .....................are factors that enable a client to engage in a behavior he
was predisposed to practise , and including personal skills , resourses and
barriers .
A) predisposing factors.
B ) enabling factors .
C ) reinforcing factors .
D ) all of the above .
16. 58. ................... are factors that either contributes to its persistence or
extinction , and including attitude of parents , family , teachers.
A) predisposing factors.
B ) enabling factors .
C ) reinforcing factors .
D ) all of the above .
59. ................ is a relatively constant feeling or set of beliefs directed toward
an object or situation.
A) belief
B ) attitude
C ) perception
D ) habit
60. ................ is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of
sensory information .
A) belief
B ) attitude
C ) perception
D ) habit
61. The......................prevention activities aim to promote treatment behaviors
related to rehabilitatiin.
A) primary
B ) secondary
C ) tertiary
D ) all of the above
62. The......................prevention activities aim to change behaviors and
promote preventive behaviors as immunization.
A) primary
B ) secondary
C ) tertiary
D ) all of the above
63. The......................prevention activities focus on treatment behaviors.
A) primary
B ) secondary
C ) tertiary
D ) all of the above
64. Control of disease is a part of preventive medicine which is invovled in the;
A-Primary prevention.
B-Secondry prevention.
C-Tertiary prevention.
D-A and B
17. 65. To control a disease we need to reduce all the following except;
A-Incidence.
B-Prevelance.
C-Transmission.
D-Burden on society.
66. Case study:
Tarek is 4 years old, growing in a family of hereditry diabetes,his parents
suspect him of the disease and the investigation reveal that he is normal.
66.1. It is medically right to leave tarek without any preventive procedure;
A-True.
B-False.
66.2. If false which level has to be taken;
A-Primary.
B-Primoidal.
C-Secondry.
D-It is true "no prevention needed"
67. Cheat x rays for pnemoconosis is methodein ;
A-Secondry prevention.
B-Selective screening.
C-Mass screening.
D-A and B
Answers
1. d 2. C 3. B 4. D
5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C
9. D 10. C 11. D 12. B
13. A 14. B 15. C 16. D
17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C
21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D
25. C 26. D 27. D 28. C
29. A 30. B 31. E 32. D
33. C 34. D 35. B 36. D
37. D 38. E 39. A 40. A
41. B 42. B 43. A 44. C
45. A 46. D 47. B 48. B
49. E 50. D 51. C 52. A
53. B 54. D 55. A 56. A
57. B 58. C 59. B 60. C
61. C 62. A 63. B 64. D
65. B 66. 1.B 2.B 67. D
18. Man and environment lecture:
1. air pollutants of a great concern are .....
a) carbon monoxide
b) sulfure dioxide
c) nitrogen oxide
d) all of the above
2. indoor air pollution is more dangerous than outdoor air pollution ...
a) true
b)false
3. asbestos containing insulation is a kind of outdoor air pollution
a) true
b)false
4. all of the followings are kind of indoor air pollution except .....
a) biogenic pollution
b) radon pollution
c) ETC
d) forest fire
5. formaldehyde can evaporate at room temperature and can cause cancer as
an agent harmful to human health .
a) true
b) false
6. inorganic chemicals cause water pollution are the following except ....
a) lead
b) copper
c) TCE
d) arsenic
7. organic chemicals cause water pollution are the following except ....
a) DDT
b)PCB
c) lead
d) TCE
8. Reynaud`s phenomenon is a bad health effect of extreme heat
a) true
b)false
19. 9. cosmic radiation comes from radioactive minerals that are within the earth-
soil and rocks .
A)true
B)False
10. all the following about radon true except ....
a) causes lung cancer
b) cause ionizing damage to human cells
c) present in rock and soil
d) have colore specific to it
11. all the following may cause by prolonged exposure to UV except .....
a) degenerative changes in cells of skin
b) degenerative changes of fbrous tissue
c) degenerative changes of blood vessels
d) lung cancer
Answers
1. d 2. a 3. b 4. d
5. a 6. c 7. c 8. b
9. b 10.d 11.d
Health indicators lecture:
1. helth indicators are required for …
a) mrasure health status
b) assessment of health care needs
c) allocation of limited resources
d) all of the above
2. the characteristics of ideal health indicators are the followimg except …
a) valid
b) sensitive
c) specific
d) havig different answers if measured by different people .
3. health indicators contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon of
interest , that means that health indicators are …
a) valid
b) feasible
c) specific
d) relevant
20. 4. CDR is the number of deaths per 100 population in a certain year and
locality .
a) true
b) false
5. all the followings are right about life expectancy at birth except ….
a) estimated for both six separately
b) decreasing the rate means there`s an improvement in the health care
c) is the average number of years will be lived by those borne alive
6. infant mortality rate is more specific than CDR .
a) true
b) false
7. the IMR may be more than 10 times higher in the laest developed countries
.
a) true
b) false
8. all the followings are typs of mortality indicators except …
a) CDR
b) IMR
c) disability rates
d) maternal mortality rate
Answers
1. d
2. d
3. d
4. b
5. b
6. a
7. a
8. c
Best Wishes….
#Innovation_team
