Name: Class: Muslim women In India A good way to understand the situation of India’s Muslim women is to read newspapers. Using India’s Muslim women to be the key words, and search them on newspapers’ websites. We can find that there are large amount of information about those women, and most of news focus on poverty, domestic violence, and religious discrimination. For example, a news posted in Times of India wrote that a Muslim lady was forced to move out her apartment because she is a Muslim. She tried to find help by telling her story to social medias, but her effort is useless.1 It is a fact that religious discrimination has been an long term problem in Indian society, and also an important aspect of social inequality. Furthermore, sex discrimination is still haunting the Indian Muslim women. They have to follow their religious norms, and obey their male relatives. Therefore, Indian Muslim women unexpectedly become a neglected group in India. In other words, India’s Muslim women are suffering serious discrimination from the society and their families because the apathetic attitude of government, the strict religious norms, and sexism. According to 2001 Census, India has 953 millions population, 12% of the national population is Indian Muslims. In this 12% of the national population, 62.5 millions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Anahita Mukherji. "Muslim Woman Denied Flat in Mumbai." The Times of India, May 27, 2015. Accessed July 30, 2015. are India’s Muslim women.1 In fact, for a long time, India was a Muslim country. In 712 CE the Arab armies of Mohammed Bin Qasim captured a part of Baluchistan, stopping at the borders of Sindh. In fourteenth-century Kashmir, Sufi implemented some new policies in Persia and Central Asia. He merged local customs and traditions with the massage of Islam. Comparing with the caste system, those polities were more spirituality, egalitarianism and tolerance. For the results, people started to against the norms of Brahminic society, and part of low-castes were attracted to change their religion, and became Muslims. In the wake of the Delhi Sultanate in 1192 CE, Muslims occupied one fourth of the Indian population. However, Muslim rulers also robbed unbelievable amounts of wealth from India. For example, in 1206 Mahmud of Ghazni plundered huge loots to build museum and mosque in his homecountry.1 In any case, Muslim government controlled this country for almost 8 centuries. This was the beginning of the long term conflict between Muslim and Hindu. It is worthwhile to note that Muslim government established the pro-women legislation from classical Islamic law. An important piece of legislation was women had the right to get family property. However, due to social prejudice and resistance, this piece was seldom practiced. At the same time, dowry, one of the extremely negative customs had been adopted by M.

1. Name:
Class:
Muslim women In India
A good way to understand the situation of India’s Muslim
women is to read newspapers. Using India’s Muslim women to
be the key words, and search them on newspapers’ websites. We
can find that there are large amount of information about those
women, and most of news focus on poverty, domestic violence,
and religious discrimination. For example, a news posted in
Times of India wrote that a Muslim lady was forced to move out
her apartment because she is a Muslim. She tried to find help by
telling her story to social medias, but her effort is useless.1 It is
a fact that religious discrimination has been an long term
problem in Indian society, and also an important aspect of
social inequality. Furthermore, sex discrimination is still
haunting the Indian Muslim women. They have to follow their
religious norms, and obey their male relatives. Therefore,
Indian Muslim women unexpectedly become a neglected group
in India. In other words, India’s Muslim women are
suffering serious discrimination from the society and their
families because the apathetic attitude of government, the strict
religious norms, and sexism.
According to 2001 Census, India has 953 millions population,
12% of the national population is Indian Muslims. In this 12%
of the national population, 62.5 millions
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
1. Anahita Mukherji. "Muslim Woman Denied Flat in
Mumbai." The Times of India, May 27, 2015. Accessed July 30,
2015.
are India’s Muslim women.1 In fact, for a long time, India was
a Muslim country. In 712 CE the Arab armies of Mohammed
Bin Qasim captured a part of Baluchistan, stopping at the
borders of Sindh. In fourteenth-century Kashmir, Sufi

2. implemented some new policies in Persia and Central Asia. He
merged local customs and traditions with the massage of Islam.
Comparing with the caste system, those polities were more
spirituality, egalitarianism and tolerance. For the results, people
started to against the norms of Brahminic society, and part of
low-castes were attracted to change their religion, and became
Muslims. In the wake of the Delhi Sultanate in 1192 CE,
Muslims occupied one fourth of the Indian population.
However, Muslim rulers also robbed unbelievable amounts of
wealth from India. For example, in 1206 Mahmud of Ghazni
plundered huge loots to build museum and mosque in his
homecountry.1 In any case, Muslim government controlled this
country for almost 8 centuries. This was the beginning of the
long term conflict between Muslim and Hindu.
It is worthwhile to note that Muslim government established the
pro-women legislation from classical Islamic law. An important
piece of legislation was women had the right to get family
property. However, due to social prejudice and resistance, this
piece was seldom practiced. At the same time, dowry, one of the
extremely negative customs had been adopted by Muslim. 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
1. Annie John and S. V. Shinde. “Educational Status Of Muslim
Women In India,” Review Of Research (2012) :2.
2. Seema. Kazi. Muslim Women In India (London : Minority
Rights Group International). 4
3. Kazi. Muslim Women In India. 4
At the end of nineteenth century, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a
Bengali social reformer paid his attentions to the inferior
position of Hindu women, especially for polygamy, female
infanticide, and sati. Even though his social reform debate
didn’t include India’s Muslim women, it had aroused different
responses from Muslim. India’s Muslim modernists suggested to
abolish the traditional gender roles in Muslim law. They
thought that they can provided equal rights for Muslim women
by reforming the Muslim law. In the meantime, the problem of

3. female education had been came up by those people. Seema
Kazi wrote, “ Mumtaz Ali and his wife Mohammadi Begum
founded a newspaper Tahzib-un-Niswan (Women’s Reformer)
which took up the issues of female education, the age of
marriage, the importance of a girl’s consent to marriage,
polygamy, a woman’s role in marriage and purdah.’’
Ameer Ali, the Bengali lawyer, and Rokeya Shakhawat Hossain,
the advocate of social reform also against to the unfair
treatment for female, and uneducated India’s Muslim women. 1
However, there were still contradictions within the
modernists. Some opponents were powerful on India’s Muslim
society. Even though they supported the modern education
system, they argued against the idea of educating women. For
example, Mohammed lqbal believed European suffragettes were
some kind of boring, forced, and useless ideas. He was a famous
poet and philosopher, and had the certain influence in the
Muslim world. 2Those people’s opinion was strangling the
process of
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
1. Seema. Kazi. Muslim Women In India (London : Minority
Rights Group International).7
2. Kazi. Muslim Women In India.7
India’s Muslim women’s liberation. Moreover, part of neutrals
thought women had the right to receive education, but they
should be controlled by the society, and continued to obey the
sexual hierarchy. 1The neutrals’ idea was also an obstacle for
India’s Muslim women’s liberation.
No matter how opponents disliked, with the nationalist
movement, the movement of women’s rights was beginning to
emerge at the beginning of twentieth century. After All India
women’s Conference ( AIWC) was found in 1927, Amir – un –
Nisa formed the Anjuman-e-Khawatin-e- Islam (The Muslim
Women’s Association) in Punjab. 2 Some Muslim women
participated into this movement, and made contributions to
raising women’s right. However, it was still hard for Muslim

4. women to be accept by other groups because the religious
differences and progressive politics eschewing community. 3
During the 1930s, the movement of women’s rights was
encountered resistance from some of their male political allies.
In order to find ‘a more comprehensive secular legal code’,
women's organizations decided to alienate Muslim women
supporters. 4 In other words, India’s Muslim women were
abandoned by their Hindu allies. They were left in a hostile
world, high and dry.
But the worst thing was still to come. After the independence of
India, a long term Hindu-Muslim conflict was begun. A 1947’s
news shows that Indian Communal
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
1. Seema. Kazi. Muslim Women In India (London : Minority
Rights Group International).7
2. Samita Sen. “Toward a Feminist Politics? The Indian
Women’s Movement in Historical Perspective,” POLICY
RESEARCH REPORT ONGENDER AND DEVELOPMENT 9
(2000):14
3. Vrinda Narain. Reclaiming the Nation Muslim Women and
the Law in India (University of Toronto Press).65
4. Sen. “Toward a Feminist Politics? The Indian Women’s
Movement in Historical Perspective,”30
Strife killed at least 10,000 people in Hindu-Muslim riots.
Indian Communal Strife killed at least 10,000 people in Hindu-
Muslim riots. The Indian National Congress claimed to be non-
communal, but All-India Muslim League didn’t appear to
recognize the danger of communal strife. They didn’t want to
make a concession.1 The conflict stirred up hatred between
nations. It became more and more intense, and finally turned
into a national war. With the conflict, the situation of India’s
Muslim women was getting more ugly.
Also because of the Hindu-Muslim conflict, Indian government
developed a unique legal system. Indian Constitution protects
the freedom and equality of Muslim women, but it also admits

5. Muslim personal law governing family relations. However, the
problem is the families of Muslim women living are structured
by “explicitly discriminatory laws”, which are set up as a closed
religion group. According to Muslim personal law, Muslim
women have to abide several stricter regulations. Moreover, it
also supports that female must stay in the subordinate position.
A great example for the between Indian Constitution and
personal law is the trial of Shah Bano, which happened in
1985. Shah Bano was a divorced Muslim women, and she sued
her husband for financial support under the general secular
Indian law. However, her husband declared that his religious
law didn’t require him to do that. Finally, her husband got
plenty of backing from Muslim groups and won this lawsuit. 2
This
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
1. Our Delhi Correspondent. "Indian Communal Strife." The
Times February 10, 1947.
2. Narain, Vrinda. "Muslim Women's Equality in India:
Applying a Human Rights Framework." Human Rights Quarterly
(2013): 92-96
result caused a lot of negative impacts. One of the worst
influence is that it push India’ Muslim women away from the
equal citizenship. After the trial of Shah Bano, government
started to ignore the similar things.
In conclusion, the situation of India’ Muslim women is very
bad. They are victims of the long term Hindu-Muslim conflict
and historical issues. As a result of their religion, it is hard for
them to be accepted by other India’s women groups, and also
the mainstream society. However, their religion is also limiting
their freedom and human rights because they are women. The
ground floor of the sexual hierarchy.
INSTRUCTIONS

6. Research Paper and PowerPoint Presentation: The goal of the
Research Paper and PowerPoint Presentation is to academically
research two special needs topics. Students will start by finding
a facility within their county that handles offenders in a manner
deemed to be an offender treatment facility and evaluate the
effectiveness of the treatment, including a comparison of theory
and practical information. If the treatment facility is located in
a correctional setting, then the treatment must be deemed as an
actual treatment facility and not just a custodial facility.
Students will conduct research on any two special needs topics.
The Research Paper will be more cohesive if students match the
special needs topics to their chosen facility. Each student’s
interview must be synthesized into their research paper and
compared and contrasted with the research. The interview
should not be just a copy of the questions and the answers of
their interview but rather a summary of the highlights of their
interview.
Research Paper will include:
A. Researching Two Topics
For the purpose of this Research Paper, each student will be an
investigator. You will identify two areas of interest for the
research from the special needs list below. Each special need is
to be completely researched.
Special Needs List
Substance abuse and Juvenile Offender
B. Summarizing the Highlights of a Treatment Facility
Interview
Look at the treatment facility from the view of a
researcher/investigator. Interview specifics:
State the name and title of the administrator or leader you
interviewed.
State the name and location of the facility.
Provide information on the program as to who the program

7. serves, including the ages of offenders, nature of the offenses
that persons in their program serve, types of treatments
provided at their program, and length of time their program has
treated offenders.
If the program uses a formal evaluation process, describe it in
detail and include what process the offender and personnel in
the facility must complete. This is an important part of your
rubric evaluation, so ask follow-up questions.
Explain details about how the program is funded and include if
the program is grant funded or funded by the county or state.
This should be a summary or highlight of the interview but not
the actual interview questions and answers.
C. Research Paper Information
The length will be dictated by the topic, and should be a
minimum of 2500 words, not including the cover page and
reference page.
The Research Paper must include a detailed synthesis of your
interview findings and your research of your two topics.
The Research Paper must be in APA format and include the
following: cover page, abstract, discussion, conclusion, and
references.
Once students have completed the Research Paper, they must
develop a PowerPoint Presentation of 10-20 slides based on the
Research Paper findings. They should create the presentation as
if they intended to present it to the class and the faculty.
Under each slide, there is a “notes section.” Students are to
type a lecture as if they are presenting it to the class in the
“notes section.” This will allow students to observe the
PowerPoint slide and read the lecture. When the presentation is
complete, someone not familiar with the topic should be able to
give the presentation based on the notes.
The PowerPoint Presentation must include examples of the two
topics you chose from the offender special needs list, situations
and/or problems that face a criminal justice professional, real
situations that have occurred, solutions or remedies that are in

8. place, and what a criminal justice manager should be aware of
in dealing with similar issues.