relative clauses

1. RELATIVE CLAUSES
 DEFINING/ ESPECIFICATIVAS
 to give essential information
 to identify what person or thing we are talking
about.
 Pronouns: WHO, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, WHEN,
WHERE
 No commas.
 Who, which or that can be omitted when they are
NOT subjects.

2. RELATIVE CLAUSES
 NON-DEFINING: EXPLICATIVAS
 to give extra information
 commas before and after.
 Pronouns: All except THAT
 Examples of both types:
 We went to the British Museum, where we saw
Egyptian mummies.
 We went to a museum where we saw an amazing
art collection.

3. WORD ORDER
 Relative pronoun immediately after reference
word
 Relative pronoun + Subject + verb+ C
 People visit places where tragedies have taken
place. ( Compare to Spanish order)
 Who/ which / that as subject + verb + C
 People who like dark tourism choose to spend their
holidays at the sites of major disasters.

4. PRACTICE
Correct the mistakes.
I´m going to visit my friends, who live in France.
John has gone to the bar where works Claire.
That book was very interesting, which was on the table.
Christmas, which we always go on holiday, is my
favourite time of the year.
My parents, who they are on holiday at the moment, are
returning tomorrow.
That´s the man his daughter is at my school.

5. REFERENCE WORD
 A person
 A thing
 A time reference
 A place
 Indicates possession
 (the thing that)
 Any/some/nothing
everything
 The only thing
Who/that
Which/that
When
Where
whose+noun
What
That
That

6. FORMAL/INFORMAL STRUCTURES WITH
PREPOSITION
A woman is smiling. I am looking at her.
Identify the woman: The woman….
Common/ informal : The woman ( that) I am looking at is
smiling .
Formal/literary : The woman at whom I am looking is
smiling.

7. FORMAL/INFORMAL
 With prepositional verbs ( listen to, look at)
 Very formal:
The woman at whom I was looking smiled.
The music to which I am listening is called trance.
 Informal:
The woman ( that) I was looking at smiled.
The music (which/that) I am listening to is called
trance.
 The same with questions.