Anatomy and physiology Essay Anatomy and Physiology Essay Anatomy And Physiology

1. Anatomy and physiology Essay
Skin Avulsion By Georgina Katoa Florence Duting When the skin's top layers are torn apart, a
proper term used is known as 'Skin Avulsion'. Older people are more prone to this type of injury,
because with age, their skin becomes vulnerable and weak ("Skin Tear", 2013). In relation to the
injury shown, this essay will cover the following topics. Foremost, it will examine the type of injury
that has occurred. It will then outline its effects and will discuss effective...show more content...
Older people are more prone to having this kind of injury, because with age, bones become weak
and will therefore lose their ability to withstand pressure (Krotz, 2005). In relation to the injury
shown, this essay will discuss its effects on the body; as well as its treatment and expected
healing process. The 52 year old male, has an injury to the tibia known as a 'compound fracture'.
It is where the broken end of the bone, has torn through soft tissues and skin, leaving behind an
open wound (Cluett, 2004). The primary organ systems which are mainly affected includes the
skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular as well as the lymphatic. According to Browner,
Pollack & Gupton (2002) having an open fracture, will lead to huge amounts of blood loss; and
will also mean becoming susceptible to infections. Moreover, Nall (2012) explains that if the body
has a lack of sufficient blood supply, many organs will fail. In this case, Browner et al.
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2. Anatomy and Physiology Essay
Anatomy and Physiology
The term homeostasis is used to mean maintenance of static or constant conditions in the internal
environment in the organism. Essentially all of the organs and tissues of the body perform functions
that help to maintain these constant conditions. For instance, the lungs provide oxygen to the extra
cellular fluid to replenish oxygen that is being used by the cells; the kidneys maintain constant ion
concentrations and the gastrointestinal system provides nutrients.
Not all substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract can be used in their absorbed form by the
cells. The liver changes the chemical compositions of many of these substances to more useable
forms and...show more content...
A large segment of the nervous system is called the autonomic system. It operates at a subconscious
level and controls many functions of the internal organs, including level of pumping activity by the
heart, movements of the gastrointestinal tract, and glandular secretion. Neurons are cells that act
like tiny batteries which power electrical circuits within the body. They can transmit impulses from
cell to cell for communication, control, and interpretation of sensory input.
In a typical neuron dendrites respond to stimuli through input to the neuron cell body. When the
stimulus is large enough the cell body sends a one way electrochemical impulse through the axon to
the next neuron or to some effector such as a muscle. The most important part of a neuron is its cell
membrane. Using active transport and special Na+/K+ ion pumps in the membrane of the axon a
neuron creates a resting potential of –70 millivolts. The cell essentially becomes a tiny battery ready
for action. The action is the action potential –– a wave of electro–chemical activity which sweeps
down the axon in one direction, changing its polarity. Depolarization leads to further depolarization
as special electrically sensitive protein gates swing open allowing Na+ ions to enter the cell and K+
ions to escape.
Once depolarized the Na+/K+ pumps quickly re–polarize the axon by
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3. Anatomy And Physiology
Detailed plan of to include aims and objectives
Explain what is meant by anatomy and physiology
Anatomy is the branch of biology which describes the structure of the body and the relationship of
one part to another.
Physiology is the study of how each part functions. Outline the components of the circulatory system,
including blood
The essential components of the circulatory system are, the heart, blood and blood vessels, it is
means by which food and oxygen are carried around the body, it includes the pulmonary circulation,
the blood travels through the lungs where blood is oxygenated, and the systematic circulation,
through the rest of the body to provide oxygenated blood. (Wikipedia...show more content...
The heart has valves to prevent blood from flowing backs into the heart, there are two types of
valves, 1. the atrioventricular valves called the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve or bicuspid valve.
2. The semilunar valves, the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve.
The SA node sets the pace of the heart, the AV node picks up the signal from the SA node and send it
to the AV bundle (bundle of his). The AV bundle is a strand of that runs through the septum and into
the interventricular septum, it splits into the left and right branches in the interventricular septum
until they reach the apex of the heart.
Branching off to the left and the right bundle branches are many of the purkinje fibers that Carry the
signal to the walls of the ventricles, causing the cardiac muscle to contract (systole) and relax
(diastole) to pump the blood out of the heart. (Inner body
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