CONTRACEPTION & NON-THERAPEUTIC STERILIZATION • HUMAN SEXUAL INTERCOURSE • 2 DIMENSIONS OF SEXUAL INTIMACY • CONTRACEPTION / DIRECT STERILIZATION • BIOETHICAL ANALYSIS • PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT • ECTOPIC PREGNANCY / CANCEROUS UTERUS • BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PILL HUMAN SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, UNIQUE: • PHYSICAL LEVEL • PSYCHOLOGICAL LEVEL • SPIRITUAL LEVEL Mammals: intercourse (mounting) -> naturally essential for achieving fertilization In animals, strictly for reproduction (not face-to-face) Unitive and Procreative Dimensions of Married Love unitive: bonding, the blending, the intertwining that occurs between spouses in the mutual expression of their love The human call to love is universal unique to marital love is the physical sexual intimacy, which has radical implications first implication: married couple, unlike any other familial or friendship love, share their naked bodies Human nature: nakedness does not belong between people who have not made a mutual life-long commitment Ex: when a spouse shares that nakedness with someone other than his or her spouse, and the other spouse finds out, a deep sense of betrayal sets in Human nature: sexual intimacy be exclusive because, alongside with the physical intimacy there comes also a spiritual intimacy that “seals” those two souls in a very unique and abiding way Ex: sharing daily experiences, which molds the couple into a new reality that was not there before, and could not be there even if each individual went through the same experience alone second implication: spiritual intimacy, the spiritual intercourse that also happens when the physical intercourse is honestly lived and properly understood Unitive significance of marriage = new reality, double bonding ―physical & spiritual― mutual surrender: 2 naked bodies + 2 naked hearts (Gn 2,24-25) flows natural desire to make that bond fruitful, with nothing less than creating a new human life = procreative significance Mammals: intercourse -> naturally essential for achieving fertilization However, humans don’t reproduce; we procreate Human intercourse: 2 dimensions are inseparable (complex unity) ex, coin Regarding the procreative dimension, however, what is inseparable from the unitive dimension is not so much the actual begetting of a child, but rather the desire for doing so Whether the children actually happen or not, that’s up to the Author of life, the Creator of life CONTRACEPTION & STERILIZATION Definition sexual intercourse only within valid marriage intentional avoidance of having children without serious reason “default” position in human sexual intercourse is the desire for having children For grave reasons, it is justified to try to avoid conceiving: • finances • relocation • emotional instability • medical • many other children • etc. mature and honest conscience is required for determining what serious reasons are Various Methods of.

1. CONTRACEPTION & NON-THERAPEUTIC
STERILIZATION
• HUMAN SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
• 2 DIMENSIONS OF SEXUAL INTIMACY
• CONTRACEPTION / DIRECT STERILIZATION
• BIOETHICAL ANALYSIS
• PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT
• ECTOPIC PREGNANCY / CANCEROUS UTERUS
• BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PILL
HUMAN SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, UNIQUE:
• PHYSICAL LEVEL
• PSYCHOLOGICAL LEVEL
• SPIRITUAL LEVEL
Mammals: intercourse (mounting) -> naturally essential for
achieving fertilization

2. In animals, strictly for reproduction (not face-to-face)
Unitive and Procreative Dimensions of Married Love
unitive: bonding, the blending, the intertwining that occurs
between spouses
in the mutual expression of their love
The human call to love is universal
unique to marital love is the physical sexual intimacy,
which has radical implications
first implication: married couple, unlike any other familial or
friendship love,
share their naked bodies
Human nature: nakedness does not belong between people who
have not made
a mutual life-long commitment
Ex: when a spouse shares that nakedness with someone other
than his or her spouse,
and the other spouse finds out, a deep sense of betrayal sets in
Human nature: sexual intimacy be exclusive because,
alongside with the physical intimacy there comes also a
spiritual intimacy
that “seals” those two souls in a very unique and abiding way
Ex: sharing daily experiences,
which molds the couple into a new reality that was not there

3. before,
and could not be there even if each individual went through the
same experience alone
second implication: spiritual intimacy,
the spiritual intercourse that also happens when the physical
intercourse
is honestly lived and properly understood
Unitive significance of marriage = new reality, double bonding
―physical & spiritual―
mutual surrender: 2 naked bodies + 2 naked hearts (Gn 2,24-
25)
flows natural desire to make that bond fruitful,
with nothing less than creating a new human life = procreative
significance
Mammals: intercourse -> naturally essential for achieving
fertilization
However, humans don’t reproduce; we procreate
Human intercourse: 2 dimensions are inseparable (complex
unity) ex, coin
Regarding the procreative dimension, however,
what is inseparable from the unitive dimension is not so much
the actual begetting of a child,
but rather the desire for doing so
Whether the children actually happen or not,
that’s up to the Author of life, the Creator of life

4. CONTRACEPTION & STERILIZATION
Definition
sexual intercourse only within valid marriage
intentional avoidance of having children without serious reason
“default” position in human sexual intercourse is the desire for
having children
For grave reasons, it is justified to try to avoid conceiving:
• finances
• relocation
• emotional instability
• medical
• many other children
• etc.
mature and honest conscience is required for determining what
serious reasons are
Various Methods of Artificial Contraception
3 categories: mechanical, chemical and surgical (or combo)
Mechanical:
• male and female condom
• cervical sponges and caps
• Diaphragms

5. • intrauterine devices (IUD)
Chemical:
• synthetic estrogens and progestins (oral Pill, “minipill”)
• injectable doses
• subdermal patches
Surgical:
• vasectomy (men)
• tubal ligation (women)
• hysterectomy (women)
In theory, some surgical sterilizations are reversible;
in practice much depends on what type of surgery was done,
how long ago, and even fiscal considerations
Some contraceptives are also abortifacient,
such as the IUD and possibly the Pill
POSSIBLE ABORTIFACIENTS:
“MORNING AFTER” PILL (PLAN B)
CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS
IUD
Effectiveness, Risks and Side Effects
Most claim success rates 97% ~ 99%
assumes perfect and consistent use, which seldom is the case

6. with humans
risks:
• blood clots
• Cancer
• high blood pressure
• Depression
• etc
side effects:
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Headaches
• vaginal infections
• abdominal pain
• irregular bleeding or “spotting”
The Catholic bioethical analysis of contraception is not based
on its risks or side effects
• diminished desire for sexual activity
• weight gain
• increase or decrease in acne
• appetite changes
• tender breasts
• increase or decrease in body hair
• vaginal discharge
• bone density loss
• ectopic pregnancy
Moral Evaluation: Means and Ends
2 dimensions to marriage: unitive and procreative

7. • The unitive dimension involves the generous mutual love
expression
of the spouses
• The procreative dimension involves their openness to having
children
in each act of sexual intercourse
• If either one of these two dimensions is truncated,
the marital act is not truly and fully human
Intrinsic Evil
Contraception: introduces a radical separation ÷ unitive <->
procreative
Unitive love w/o procreative love
• even unitive: truncated, defective, pseudo-unit
• act of selfishness and/or of fear (conscious or subconscious)
• betrays a lack of trust in God’s Providence for that couple
Today’s lifestyles = much control over our daily decisions;
the more control we have, the further control we want to have
engendering a new human being = God is in control
The role of the couple is to cooperate with God in creating that
new life

8. The couple is given the gift and privilege of being co-creators
with God
God decides
God intends: intimate sexual act of husband and wife
love-giving
simultaneously
life-giving
Contraception frustrates all this
UNFAIR DYNAMICS OF ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTION:
• LIBIDO DIFFERENTIAL
• TURNS SEXUAL INTERCOURSE INTO ENTERTAINMENT
• BURDEN ON THE WOMAN
• PROMOTES CONTRACEPTIVE MENTALITY IN SOCIETY
• SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STD) EXPOSURE
2,334,382 TOTAL CASES IN 2017 ALONE
TOTAL US POPULATION 2017 = 325,700,000
~ 1 IN EVERY 14 AMERICANS HAS AN STD

9. US STD EPIDEMIC:
STDs in U.S. 2017 Reach Record Highs (CDC website)
• Chlamydia = 1,708,569
• Gonorrhea = 555,608
• HIV = 38,643
• Syphilis = 31,562
Bad Medical Practice
contraception and sterilization seek to render a healthy organ
inoperative
Thus contraception, honestly speaking, goes against sound
medical practice: mutilation
contraception = act of arrogance against God’s created plan
Alternative: develop a deep trust in God’s Plan and Providence
The Church calls God’s Plan and Providence for a married
couple a VOCATION
Therapeutic sterilization justified for serious medical reasons
PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT
good
act -> 2 simult effects

10. bad
conditions:
1. the act to be done must be good in itself or at least morally
indifferent
(independently of its consequences)
2. the good effect must not be obtained by means of the evil
effect
(evil an incidental by-product, not an actual factor in the
accomplishment of the good)
3. the evil effect must not be intended for itself but only
permitted
(evil desire not permitted)
4. there must be a proportionately grave reason for permitting
the evil effect
5. Last resort (no other action w/o evil effect available)
All five conditions must be fulfilled. If any one of them is not
satisfied, the act is morally wrong.
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY:
REMOVAL OF TUBE W LIVE UNBORN OK
(SALPINGECTOMY)
REMOVAL ONLY OF LIVE UNBORN NOT OK
(SALPINGOSTOMY)
CANCEROUS REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM w PREGNANCY:

11. THERAPY AND/OR HYSTERECTOMY OK (DOUBLE
EFFECT)
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CONTRACEPTIVE PILL:
MARGARET SANGER (1879-1966):
6th of 11 siblings (18 pgs), nurse @ 20, suffragist, eugenicist,
absol control over repr, utilitarian
GREGORY PINCUS (1903-1967): Biologist, Harvard,
Hormones; progestins
JOHN ROCK (1890-1984): OB/GYN, Harvard, Catholic,
Clinical Trials
CLINICAL TRIALS: Enovid; Puerto Rico, Haiti, Mexico, Los
Angeles
FDA APPROVAL: 1957 menstrual regulator, 1960
contraception
PAPAL COMMISSION:
Pope John XXIII 1963 (6 members), Pope Paul VI (72 members)
report 1966
HUMANAE VITAE (POPE PAUL VI, 1968): 2 dimensions,
intrinsic evil, serious reasons, NFP
http://w2.vatican.va/content/paul-
vi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-
vitae.html
http://w2.vatican.va/content/paul-

12. vi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-
vitae.html
IVF, Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Human Embryos
The short answer is: no.
Expensive and burdensome:
physically
psychologically
socially
spiritually
To what purpose? “To have a child”
“To have a child”
@ 2 levels:
• superficial
• deeper
No child may be “had,” possessed; an object, a thing
Rather, a gift from God
Catholic teaching: having a child is only ethical
within the context of a valid marriage.

13. Automatically excludes all other possibilities:
• non-married couples
• married woman becoming pregnant by sperm from a donor
• single woman becoming pregnant by sperm of a donor
• woman carrying a pregnancy for another woman
Within a valid marriage:
2 central issues: 1. unitive / procreative dimensions together
2. responsible parenthood
Unitive / procreative: like 2 sides of a same coin
Does not mean that each time a couple has intercourse…
“…for grave motives…” (Humanae vitae 10)
In a sense, IVF is the converse of contraception:
contraception is unitive without procreative
IVF is procreative without unitive
In other words, in IVF, the unitive is
radically separated from the procreative
such that “procreation” occurs in the lab (manufacture).
Now, 2 aspects of human procreation:

14. • a natural act
• a vital act
We just don’t have a right to change natural, vital acts
that involve the species as a whole (natural selection).
Specifically, in order for human procreation to be ethical,
the sperm must fertilize the egg in the proper place,
that is, in the ampulla of the Fallopian tube (in vivo).
Ampulla
Endometrium
DAY 1
DAY 7
In other words, we have no right to take out a human egg,
collect sperm, and mix them in a lab (in vitro).
We can do it (technologically)
We may not do it (ethically)
Aside from this consideration of principle,
which makes IVF intrinsically evil,
there are a number of considerations of practice.

15. Considerations of practice:
• Risk to women due to ovarian hyperstimulation and egg
extraction
• Typical sperm collection by masturbation
• Abortions due to failed implantations
• Abortions due to freezing and thawing of embryos
• Creating and feeding the problem of ~ 1 million frozen human
embryos
• What to do with frozen embryos when parents divorce
• Denying the child and the species natural selection
•Selective reduction
Spontaneous abortions and miscarriages:
• 25-50% of all human pregnancies
• Most within the first couple of weeks of pregnancy
• Most due to genetic defects
We just do not have a right to negate natural selection to a child
at such an early stage that it is not even painful
either to himself or his mother
Double right to natural selection:

16. • at the individual & family level
• at the social level
Bottom line: human procreation is extremely complex:
Physically: as banal as tight shorts
as complicated as one or both spouses having Down syndrome
Psychologically: low % of pregnancy resulting from rape vs
general rate
“infertile” couple getting pregnant shortly after having first
child
Socially: blanket acceptance of IVF
one million “spare” embryos
Spiritually: “having a child” for the right reasons: gift from God
No one has a “right” to a child;
yes, a right to desire children,
but not at all costs ($ 20 ~ 30 thousand)
So, for infertile couples: perhaps assist, but ultimately:
Reflect on the apparent silence of God
in this aspect of their marriage
at this particular time.
God can speak volumes in His silence…

17. Therefore, pray, with an open heart, with humility, accepting
Divine Will
In view of the Incarnation, all human life is an act of Divine
Will:
Therefore, surrendering to Divine Will, in the married couple,
is especially redemptive and sanctifying, for all society.
Divine Will in the married couple: an extension of their
wedding vows:
“to be true to you in good times and in bad,
in sickness and in health;
to love and honor you
all the days of my life.”
Nowhere does it say there: we have to have a child at any cost.
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Curriculum Integration to Promote Student Outcomes - Rubric

18. Examples Promoting the Importance of Unit Planning 9 points
Criteria Description
Examples Promoting the Importance of Unit Planning
5. Target 9 points
The examples given provide a compelling argument for unit
planning.
4. Acceptable 7.83 points
The examples given provide a clear argument for unit planning.
3. Approaching 6.66 points
The examples given provide a vague argument for unit planning.
2. Insufficient 6.21 points
The examples given provide an unconvincing argument for unit
planning.
1. No Submission 0 points
Not addressed.
Examples Promoting High Expectations and Standards
Alignment 9 points
Criteria Description
Examples Promoting High Expectations and Standards
Alignment

19. 5. Target 9 points
The examples given provide a quality representation of high
expectations and
standards alignment.
4. Acceptable 7.83 points
The examples given provide a reasonable representation of high
expectations and
standards alignment.
3. Approaching 6.66 points
Collapse All
The examples given provide a shallow representation of high
expectations and
standards alignment.
2. Insufficient 6.21 points
The examples given provide a poor representation of high
expectations and
standards alignment.
Examples Promoting Di�erentiated Instruction and Technology
9 points
Criteria Description

20. Examples Promoting Differentiated Instruction and Technology
5. Target 9 points
The examples given thoroughly differentiate instruction and
provide insightful uses
for technology. Examples specifically lend themselves to high-
quality instruction.
4. Acceptable 7.83 points
The examples given logically differentiate instruction and
provide sound uses for
technology. Examples judiciously lend themselves to high-
quality instruction.
3. Approaching 6.66 points
The examples given inexplicitly differentiate instruction and
provide cursory uses
for technology. Examples broadly lend themselves to quality
instruction.
2. Insufficient 6.21 points
The examples given unfittingly differentiate instruction and
provide unrealistic uses
for technology. Examples fail to lend themselves to quality
instruction.
1. No Submission 0 points

21. Not addressed.
Examples Ensuring Cultural Inclusiveness 9 points
Criteria Description
Examples Ensuring Cultural Inclusiveness
5. Target 9 points
The examples given thoughtfully ensure cultural inclusiveness.
4. Acceptable 7.83 points
The examples given appropriately ensure cultural inclusiveness.
3. Approaching 6.66 points
The examples given weakly ensure cultural inclusiveness.
2. Insufficient 6.21 points
The examples given insufficiently ensure cultural inclusiveness.
1. No Submission 0 points
Not addressed.
Examples Incorporating School Vision and Goals 9 points
Criteria Description
Examples Incorporating School Vision and Goals

22. 5. Target 9 points
The examples given skillfully incorporate school vision and
goals.
4. Acceptable 7.83 points
The examples given correctly incorporate school vision and
goals.
3. Approaching 6.66 points
The examples given marginally incorporate school vision and
goals.
2. Insufficient 6.21 points
The examples given ineffectively incorporate school vision and
goals.
1. No Submission 0 points
Not addressed.
Visual Appeal 6 points
Criteria Description
Visual Appeal
5. Target 6 points
The slide digital presentation is visually pleasing for the

23. audience. There is a good
variety and use of graphics, colors, and fonts. The arrangement
of material is
logically organized for presentation.
4. Acceptable 5.22 points
Thematic graphic elements are used, but not always in context.
Visual connections
mostly contribute to the understanding of concepts, ideas, and
relationships.
Differences in type size or color are used well and consistently.
3. Approaching 4.44 points
Minimal use of graphic elements is evident. Elements do not
consistently contribute
to the understanding of concepts, ideas, and relationships. There
is some variation
in type size, color, and layout.
2. Insufficient 4.14 points
There are few or no graphic elements. No variation in layout or
typography is
evident.
Mechanics of Writing 6 points

24. Criteria Description
includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use
5. Target 6 points
Submission is virtually free of mechanical errors. Word choice
reflects well-
developed use of practice and content-related language.
Sentence structures are
varied and engaging.
4. Acceptable 5.22 points
Submission includes some mechanical errors, but they do not
hinder
comprehension. Variety of effective sentence structures are
used, as well as some
practice and content-related language.
3. Approaching 4.44 points
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader.
Inconsistent
language or word choice is present. Sentence structure is
lacking.
2. Insufficient 4.14 points

25. Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede
communication of meaning.
Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction are used.
1. No Submission 0 points
Documentation of Sources 3 points
Criteria Description
citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as
appropriate to assignment and
style
5. Target 3 points
Sources are completely and correctly documented, as
appropriate to assignment
and style. Format is free of error.
4. Acceptable 2.61 points
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style,
and format is
mostly correct.
3. Approaching 2.22 points
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style,
although some
key formatting and citation errors are present.

26. 2. Insufficient 2.07 points
Documentation of sources is inconsistent and/or incorrect, as
appropriate to
assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.
1. No Submission 0 points
Total 60 points