Game Design Elements

/pacticah/ adj. nahuatl language
to be happy and content

©
2013,
Pac+ca,
LLC
1

Audience
Platform Story
Concept Characters

World Rules
Navigation

user
personas

Nina
is
an
ac-ve
girl
who
is
always
on
the
go.
She
enjoys
the

outdoors,
compe--on,
and
wakes
up
early
twice
a
week
to

join
her
school
friends
from
the
running
club.
Nina
would
like

to
have
a
dog,
but
pets
are
not
allowed
in
her
apartment.

A?er
many
years
of
struggling
with
reading,
she
is
now

reading
at
her
grade
level.
Now,
she
is
hooked
to
fic-on

novels
about
contemporary
girls
of
her
age.
Nina
plays
tons

of
games
and
reads
some
books
in
her
dad’s
iPad.
As
a
pre-‐
teen,
she
is
now
ready
to
be
an
independent
girl
and
explore

11, Seattle the
world
with
her
friends,
but
her
parents
s-ll
think
she
is
a

liEle
girl.

Ben
is
the
big
clown
of
his
class.
Not
everything
in
Ben’s
life
is

a
joke,
he
is
an
excellent
student
par-cularly
in
math
and

science.
He
enjoys
playing
games
in
his
mom’s
iPhone.
Ben

downloads
apps
all
the
-me.
Since
his
parents
are
originally

from
Kenya,
he
has
learned
to
deal
with
different
cultures

and
live
in
a
mul-lingual
household.
Unfortunately,
his

parents
are
not
able
to
afford
taking
the
en-re
family
every

year
to
their
homeland.
So,
Ben
is
always
wondering
about

the
culture,
animals,
and
the
uniqueness
of
his
families’
land.

8, Boston

pac+ca,
confiden+al
21

engagement

play customize
games
builds
autonomy
in
people
and
the
feel
experiment
with
customizing
the
characters

of
command
on
one’s
life
or
environment
–
increase
investment
and

creates
barriers
of
exit

consume relate
digital
media
consump-on
from
watching
explore
rela-onships
with
others
or
look
a?er

videos
to
reading
stories
others;
desire
for
higher
purpose

compete collect
opportunity
to
challenge,
“mastery”,
and
interested
in
acquiring
and
accumula-ng

accomplishing
(feedback,
leaderboard)
virtual
goods,
points,
badges

Game Design Elements

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