2 Running head: PTSD PTSD 9 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Amber Hope Argosy University Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles Adamsons, K., & Johnson, S. (2013). An updated and expanded meta-analysis of nonresident fathering and child well-being. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(4),, 589. The discussion of the article is conclusive despite its major focus on the topic. The article talks about the relationship between fathering and child well-being as a factor associated with the development of depression. When a child does not have a strong relationship with the father, it becomes easy for them to become depressed. However, the article is general and does not provide specific reasons to the development of depression on a child. The article lacks significant data regarding depression. Despite the above factor, it presents adequate data regarding the relationship between a father and a child in the process of growth and development. Anderson, D., Cesur, R., & Tekin, E. (2015). Youth depression and future criminal behavior. Economic Inquiry, 53(1),, 294-317. The weakness of the article is that it brings out criminal behavior as an outcome of youth depression. It is not all the time that depression may cause criminality among individuals. Some people who are depressed may visit rehabilitation centers. The strength of the article is that depression among youths may motivate them to commit future crimes. This is because they may find possible ways of eliminating it in their lives. Criminality may serve as the alternative for rehabilitation for those youths who do not like to be in places with specific policies, rules, and standards. Therefore, the article argues that it is likely that individuals may commit crimes due to depression. Bargai, N., Ben-Shakhar, G., & Shalev, A. (2007). Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in battered women: The mediating role of learned helplessness. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 267-275. Depression is a mild form of Posttraumatic stress disorder. It brings out women as individuals who are affected by depression the most. However, the strength of the article is that women are the ones contributing to their personal depression and PTSD levels. This is because they have all the help they need but may choose to ignore it. The weakness is that it talks of women as the main reason but focuses on their self-help. Women are seen as the ones to tackle their issue. It does not focus on motivation from other individuals in the society to assist them in handling their depressive situation. Baumeister, R., Vohs, K., Aaker, J., & Garbinsky, E. (2013). Some key differences between a happy life and a meaningful life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(6),, 505-516. Depression is the centerpiece of sadness among individuals. The article strengths focuses on the differences between people who live happy and meaningful l.

1. 2
Running head: PTSD
PTSD
9
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Amber Hope
Argosy University
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles
Adamsons, K., & Johnson, S. (2013). An updated and expanded
meta-analysis of nonresident fathering and child well-being.
Journal of Family Psychology, 27(4),, 589.
The discussion of the article is conclusive despite its major
focus on the topic. The article talks about the relationship
between fathering and child well-being as a factor associated
with the development of depression. When a child does not have
a strong relationship with the father, it becomes easy for them
to become depressed. However, the article is general and does
not provide specific reasons to the development of depression
on a child. The article lacks significant data regarding
depression. Despite the above factor, it presents adequate data
regarding the relationship between a father and a child in the
process of growth and development.
Anderson, D., Cesur, R., & Tekin, E. (2015). Youth depression
and future criminal behavior. Economic Inquiry, 53(1),, 294-
317.

2. The weakness of the article is that it brings out criminal
behavior as an outcome of youth depression. It is not all the
time that depression may cause criminality among individuals.
Some people who are depressed may visit rehabilitation centers.
The strength of the article is that depression among youths may
motivate them to commit future crimes. This is because they
may find possible ways of eliminating it in their lives.
Criminality may serve as the alternative for rehabilitation for
those youths who do not like to be in places with specific
policies, rules, and standards. Therefore, the article argues that
it is likely that individuals may commit crimes due to
depression.
Bargai, N., Ben-Shakhar, G., & Shalev, A. (2007).
Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in battered women:
The mediating role of learned helplessness. Journal of Family
Violence, 22, 267-275.
Depression is a mild form of Posttraumatic stress disorder. It
brings out women as individuals who are affected by depression
the most. However, the strength of the article is that women are
the ones contributing to their personal depression and PTSD
levels. This is because they have all the help they need but may
choose to ignore it. The weakness is that it talks of women as
the main reason but focuses on their self-help. Women are seen
as the ones to tackle their issue. It does not focus on motivation
from other individuals in the society to assist them in handling
their depressive situation.
Baumeister, R., Vohs, K., Aaker, J., & Garbinsky, E. (2013).
Some key differences between a happy life and a meaningful
life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(6),, 505-516.
Depression is the centerpiece of sadness among individuals. The
article strengths focuses on the differences between people who
live happy and meaningful lives. Happiness does not mean

3. meaningfulness. It brings out clear points relating to depression
as a factor that alienates meaning in life. One may be depressed
despite being happy. Happiness does not mean that someone has
a stable mind. The weakness is that the article only focuses on
life as a general factor of human development. It does not look
into the specific components of human life that influences
meaningfulness. The data presented by the article is limited in
terms of explaining the role of depression in enhancing a
meaningful and a happy life.
Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. (2016).
Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and
depression: a systematic review. Journal of affective disorders,
191, 62-77.
The weaknesses of the article is that it only focuses on
depression and the risks it has on antenatal anxiety. Antenatal
anxiety exists as a result of different issues such as poor
relationships and poor social status. This means that depression
is always present on a woman, it only depends on how they deal
with it. The strength of the article is that women are able to
acquire treatment so that it protects their pregnancies.
Brown, R. (2017). Bridging worlds: participatory thinking in
Jungian context. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 62(2),, 284-
304.
The theory of Jungian is brought as a mechanism that looks into
the positive development of the human brain. The evidence
produced by the theory is significant in introducing change. The
article does not have any weakness because of its conclusive
discussion of depression using the Jungian theory. The theory
focuses on all races and multicultural perspectives conclusively.
Chassin, L. (2010). Does adolescent alcohol and marijuana use
predict suppressed growth in psychosocial maturity among male
juvenile offenders? Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 24.1 ,

4. 48.
Psychosocial maturity is seen as a major factor in male juvenile
offenders. The weakness is that the article looks into marijuana
and alcohol as the factors that act as a barriers towards
psychosocial maturity. Psychosocial maturity is a component of
dealing effectively with depression. If the two barriers are
introduced, male juvenile offenders are depressed because of
the effects in their minds and the environment they are found in
lacks stable factors for their growth.
Herring, S., Rich‐Edwards, J., Oken, E., Rifas‐Shiman, S.,
Kleinman, K., & Gillman, M. (2008). Association of postpartum
depression with weight retention 1 year after childbirth.
Obesity, 16(6), 1296-1301.
The strength and weakness of the articles focuses on the group
it focuses on through its discussion. The article only looks at
the pregnant mothers one year after their childbirth. It does not
look at the mothers during their first nine months before child
birth. The data presented is limited to the period. The strength
is that the data on postpartum depression on the group is
conclusive. It explains the causes and the effect of the
depression as factors originating from the process of bringing
up a child.
O'Mahen, H., & Flynn, H. (2008). Preferences and perceived
barriers to treatment for depression during the perinatal period.
Journal of women's health, 17(8), 1301-1309.
The article is conclusive because of its data that relates to the
various barriers associated with the treatment of depression
among perinatal period. Perinatal period is seen as one of the
most crucial factors that need sensitive care due to the nature of
the developed fetus. The article lacks weaknesses due to its

5. diverse focus.
Söderquist, J., Wijma, B., Thorbert, G., & Wijma, K. (2009).
Risk factors in pregnancy for post‐traumatic stress and
depression after childbirth. BJOG: An International Journal of
Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 116(5), 672-680.
Depression is studied focusing on pregnant women and after
they have given birth. It looks into the risk factors that lead into
the problem. The article possesses many strengths in terms of
explaining the major causes of depression and their impacts.
The weaknesses are minimal. It only focuses on the well-being
of the mother and not the unborn/born child.
The Support/Contrast between the Articles and the Evidence
from the Articles
The data presented by the articles is conclusive in terms of
explaining different factors associated with depression.
Depression is seen as a factor that originates from daily
experiences. Social factors are the main factors that influence
the development of depression in our society. Women and
children are seen by the articles as being the most vulnerable
groups when it comes to the onset and effect of depression. The
articles focus on the dangers of depression on individuals and
groups. It is important to look at the depression levels among
individuals as those that need to be dealt with at any given time.
Depression has been associated by loss of a fetus/child when it
comes to a pregnant woman. It has been associated with
underperformance among individuals. Depression is also a
major contribution to family conflicts.
Individuals that suffer from depression end up having divorces
and being violent with their spouses. Therefore, the articles
present several ways through which to deal with depression. The
first approach focuses on comprehending the causes and the

6. main factors associated with the development of depression
among individuals. Secondly, it investigates the role of
counselors and family members in enhancing a stable
environment that is free from depression and its impacts.
Possible Explanation Apart from the Article
Depression has for a long period served as a major problem
when it comes to the development of the society. People have to
comprehend that depression is something that will not stop
despite the society trying as much as possible to create
sustainable and effective counseling approaches. The best way
to deal with depression is to focus on the victims. They are the
reason as to why they experience depression. Therefore, it is
important to look into their personal lives and develop possible
ways to handle their issues personally before they receive
assistance from counselors and mental experts. I believe that
self-help is the best way to deal with the issue of depression.
I have also learned that depression is not a natural occurrence
since it is caused by different social factors such as poor
relationships, poverty, miscommunication, and adverse
development in the society. Medication as a strategy to deal
with depression does not have a major impact compared to
having individuals receiving advice and counseling from
counselors in the society. It is important to focus on creating a
society that focuses on the positive needs of individuals to
influence their positive developments.
Depression may be eliminated if the government, the private
sector, and other members of the society come together in
handling it and its effects. Depression is a major factor that
needs to be studied for deeper comprehension. It is a factor that
borrows ideas from the international psychological sector. It is
a major factor that needs collaboration to comprehend.
Individuals have to ensure that they work with community

7. members, their families, and health agencies to enable them to
acquire the needed health backgrounds.
Refining My Question
What are the best strategies to be used in handling depression?
Who are the individuals that suffer from depression and what
have they done to ensure positivity?
References
Adamsons, K., & Johnson, S. (2013). An updated and expanded
meta-analysis of nonresident fathering and child well-being.
Journal of Family Psychology, 27(4),, 589.
Anderson, D., Cesur, R., & Tekin, E. (2015). Youth depression
and future criminal behavior. Economic Inquiry, 53(1),, 294-
317.
Bargai, N., Ben-Shakhar, G., & Shalev, A. (2007).
Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in battered women:
The mediating role of learned helplessness. Journal of Family
Violence, 22, 267-275.
Baumeister, R., Vohs, K., Aaker, J., & Garbinsky, E. (2013).
Some key differences between a happy life and a meaningful
life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(6),, 505-516.
Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. (2016).
Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and
depression: a systematic review. Journal of affective disorders,
191, 62-77.
Brown, R. (2017). Bridging worlds: participatory thinking in
Jungian context. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 62(2),, 284-
304.

8. Brummelte, S., & Galea, L. (2016). Postpartum depression:
etiology, treatment and consequences for maternal care.
Hormones and behavior, 77, 153-166.
Chassin, L. (2010). Does adolescent alcohol and marijuana use
predict suppressed growth in psychosocial maturity among male
juvenile offenders? Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 24.1 ,
48.
Dziwota, E., Stepulak, M., Włoszczak-Szubzda, A., & Olajossy,
M. (2018). Social functioning and the quality of life of patients
diagnosed with schizophrenia. Annals of Agricultural and
Environmental Medicine, 25(1),, 50-55.
Fusar-Poli, P., Papanastasiou, E., Stahl, D., Rocchetti, M.,
Carpenter, W., Shergill, S., & McGuire, P. (2014). Treatments
of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of 168
randomized placebo-controlled trials. Schizophrenia bulletin,
41(4), 892-899.
Herring, S., Rich‐Edwards, J., Oken, E., Rifas‐Shiman, S.,
Kleinman, K., & Gillman, M. (2008). Association of postpartum
depression with weight retention 1 year after childbirth.
Obesity, 16(6), 1296-1301.
O'Mahen, H., & Flynn, H. (2008). Preferences and perceived
barriers to treatment for depression during the perinatal period.
Journal of women's health, 17(8), 1301-1309.
Söderquist, J., Wijma, B., Thorbert, G., & Wijma, K. (2009).
Risk factors in pregnancy for post‐traumatic stress and
depression after childbirth. BJOG: An International Journal of
Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 116(5), 672-680.