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Inria, SequeL
1
Inria, Sequel – Meetup Juin 2016
Deep Learning
Collaborative
Filtering
and
Inria, SequeL
2
Collaborative filtering
Bob
Inria, SequeL
3
Bob
Collaborative filtering
Tim
Inria, SequeL
4
Bob
Tim
Collaborative filtering
Inria, SequeL
5
Collaborative filtering
Bob
Tim
Inria, SequeL
6
Collaborative filtering
Bob
Tim
Inria, SequeL
7
Collaborative filtering
Bob
Tim
Inria, SequeL
8
Goal is to predict the rating Tim
would have given to Jurassic Park
Collaborative filtering
Tim
Inria, SequeL
9
Collaborative filtering
Inria, SequeL
10
Goal : Predict the missing rating
Collaborative filtering
Bob ? 3 5 ?
Ana ? 4 ? 5
Elain 5 ? 4 ?
Sulman 2 ? 1 4
Inria, SequeL
11
Goal : Predict the missing rating
Bob 4 3 5 1
Ana 2 4 2 5
Elain 5 4 4 3
Sulman 2 3 1 4
Collaborative filtering
Inria, SequeL
12
Goal : Predict the missing rating
Bob 4 3 5 1
Ana 2 4 2 5
Elain 5 4 4 3
Sulman 2 3 1 4
To be recommended
Collaborative filtering
Inria, SequeL
13
Bob ? 3 5 ?
Ana ? 4 ? 5
Elain 5 ? 4 ?
Sulman 2 ? 1 4
Score: Average|Predicted rating – real rating|
Collaborative filtering
Inria, SequeL
14
Bob ? 3 5 ?
Ana ? 4 ? 5
Elain 5 ? 4 ?
Sulman 2 ? 1 4
Score = Average |Predicted rating – real rating|2
Collaborative filtering
Inria, SequeL
15
Neural Networks
Inria, SequeL
16
Input
Neural Networks
Inria, SequeL
17
Forward
Backward
The model is updated to fit the
target
The error is backpropagated into
the model
Neural Networks
Inria, SequeL
18
Neural Networks
Inria, SequeL
19
RUsers
Items v
u
Neural Networks
Inria, SequeL
20
RUsers
Items v
u
Neural Networks
Inria, SequeL
21
RUsers
Items v
u
Neural Networks
Inria, SequeL
22
? 3 4 ? 1
4.9 2.8 4 .1 2.0 1.1
𝑅
user
𝑅
i
t
e
m
U-CFN V-CFN
Neural Networks
Inria, SequeL
23
? 3 4 ? 1
4.9 2.8 4 .1 2.0 1.1
inputs
Dimension
reduction
Input reconstruction
5 3 4 2 1
4.9 2.8 4 .1 2.0 1.1
The model
Inria, SequeL
24
? 3 4 ? 1
4.9 2.8 4 .1 2.0 1.1
3 4 1
2.8 4 .1 1.1
Training stepTesting step
The model
Inria, SequeL
25
1 ? 2 ? 1
1.2 4.9 1.1
1 0 2 0 1
1.2 2.1 4.9 2.0 1.1
Forward
The model
Inria, SequeL
26
1 ? 2 ? 1
1.2 4.9 1.1
1 0 2 0 1
0.2 0 -0.1 0 0.1
Backward
The model
Inria, SequeL
27
β*0.2 0 α*1.1 0 β*1.1
1 0 2 0 1
1 0 0 0 1
Forward
1.2 2.3 3.1 4.2 1.1
Backward
1 ? 2 ? 1
True input
0.2 0 1.1 0 0.1
error 0.2 ? 1.1 ? 0.1
α = Prediction = supervized
β = Reconstruction = unsupervized
The model
1 ? 2 ? 1
Inria, SequeL
28
β*0.2 0 α*1.1 0 β*1.1
1 0 2 0 1
1 0 0 0 1
Forward
1.2 2.3 3.1 4.2 1.1
Backward
1 ? 2 ? 1
True input
0.2 0 1.1 0 0.1
error 0.2 ? 1.1 ? 0.1
α = Prediction = supervized
β = Reconstruction = unsupervized
The model
1 ? 2 ? 1
Inria, SequeL
29
The model
300.000 to 50.000 entries
Real
life
Inria, SequeL
30
MovieLens :
- 10 million ratings : 72.000 users / 10.000 movies
- 20 million ratings : 138.000 users / 28.000 movies
Results
Inria, SequeL
31
Quadratic error
MovieLens-10M MovieLens-20M
BPMF 0.8213 0.8123
ALS-WR 0.7830 0.7746
LLORMA 0.7949 0.7843
U-CFN 0.7767 0.7663
V-CFN 0.7767 0.7663
RMSE for train/test 90/10
BPMF : rank=10
ALS-WE : rank = 200
LLORMA : rank = 20, anchor point = 30
A. Mnih and R. Salakhutdinov, “Probabilistic matrix factorization,” in Advances in neural information processing systems, 2007, pp. 1257– 1264.
B. J. Lee, S. Kim, G. Lebanon, and Y. Singerm, “Local low-rank matrix approximation,” in Proc. of ICML’13, 2013, pp. 82–90.
C. Y.Zhou,D.Wilkinson,R.Schreiber,andR.Pan,“Large-scaleparallel collaborative filtering for the netflix prize,” in Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management. Springer, 2008, pp. 337–348.
Results
Inria, SequeL
32
Singular value decomposition (SVD)
Other algorithms:
●Alternating Least Square Weighted Lambda-Regularization (ALS-WR)
●Probabilistic Matrix Factorization (PMF, BPMF, NLPMF)
●Local Low Rank Matrix Approximation (LLORMA)
RUsers
Items v
u
Link with matrix factorization (optional)
Inria, SequeL
33
RUsers
Items v
u
z = W3 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧2
ri = Vui
activation
Link with matrix factorization (optional)
Inria, SequeL
34
ui
V
Link with matrix factorization (optional)
activation
ri = Vui
RUsers
Items v
u
CFN computes a Non-Linear
Matrix Factorization
Inria, SequeL
35
Discussion
Why nobody tried it? Image/sounds
are dense
Few works
about sparsity
No tools!
Inria, SequeL
36
Discussion
Torch framework
Reproduce results
Inria, SequeL
37
? 3 4 ? 1
4.9 2.8 4 .1 2.0 1.1
Actor :
Dicaprio
Genre:
action
Year:
2010
Adding external information
Inria, SequeL
38
4.9 2.8 4 .1 2.0 1.1
Content-based Filtering
Extensions
Inria, SequeL
39
Thank you for listening!
Inria, SequeL
40
Input reconstruction
5 ? 4 ? 1
4.9 2.8 4 .1 2.0 1.1
Encoder
Decoder
Autoencoders:
Matrix factorization
z = ℎ Wui,𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞
ui,𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐬𝐞
ui,𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞
Link with Matrix Factorization

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Using Neural Networks to predict user ratings