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Land Grabbing and Conflict in Cambodia
- 1. Land Grabbing and Forest Conflict in Cambodia Yurdi Yasmi, Lisa Kelley, David Gritten, James Bampton, Edwin Payuan
- 3. Trends of land dispute Source: NGO Forum on Cambodia, 2010
- 5. Policy framework • Land law 2001; Sub-decree 146/2005 on ELCs • Main purpose: economic growth, employment, equity and social justice • ELCs granted by the MAFF • Area cannot exceed 10,000 ha • Maximum contract 99 years
- 6. Policy framework • CF emerged in early 1990 • Forestry Law 2002 recognizes CF • Sub-decree on CF 2002 • Sub-decree on guidelines for CF (Prakas) 2006 • CF can be granted for 15 years
- 7. Kampong Speu Conflict over land between ELCs and Community Forests Source: http://www.licadho-cambodia.org/land2012/map-carving_up_cambodia-march2012.jpg
- 8. The case of Kampong Speu Community Mining company • In the process of CF • Received concession from development with Forestry Ministry of Industry, Mine Administration (FA) and Energy (MIME) • Clearing on “my land” • Land clearing (legal permit), backed by the military • Noise, pollution, damage to trees and garden • Company stopped operation • Asking for compensation, protests, seized bulldozer
- 9. Negative Impacts Anxiety and fear Disharmony Distrust High costs Environmental Degradation
- 10. Positive Impacts Stronger Increased Pressure for collective awareness tenure clarity action for forest protection
- 11. Lessons learned & implications for SFM • Ambiguous property rights; legal policies vs. de facto local forest management • Coordination among government bodies • Cultural importance of forests
- 12. Thank you For further information please contact Yurdi Yasmi yurdi@recoftc.org www.recoftc.org
Editor's Notes
- This is part of RECOFTC’s regional wide research on forests and land conflict in Asia involving 6 countries: Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam The case of Cambodia is extremely interesting in highlighting how efforts to achieve SFM at local level through Community Forestry being hindered by unfavorable land use policies The case illustrates policy framework and governance but also looks into livelihoods and natural resource aspects
- Land has become a contested resource in Cambodia in recent years due to rapid economic development policy Conflict over land is reported regularly in popular media Many of those conflict also involve violence
- A study by NGO Forum on Cambodia records the numbers and frequencies of land conflict over the year In general, there is an increased in terms of number and intensity of the conflict Many of those conflicts are over agricultural land (53%), residential land (24%) and forest land (10%)
- This is the land concession map recently released showing that almost 4 million ha have been handed over to Economic Land Concessions (ELC), mainly rubber plantation, and mining concessions This is 22% of the total land area of Cambodia Quite a number of those concessions overlap with protection forests and nature reserves