1.
Plan Vivo Standard
A perspective from the voluntary
carbon market: supporting project-
level PES & REDD+ initiatives
Chris Stephenson | “Engaging men & women in REDD+ business” | Paris, 4 December 2015

2.
 Longest-standing voluntary carbon standard in LUF sector
(Pilot PES project in Chiapas, Mexico: 1994-97)
 Foundation established in 2008 in Edinburgh
 Tens of thousands of participants organised into a various
community group structures
 Flexible, transparent, equitable benefit sharing, low
transaction costs
Board of Trustees (10)
PV Secretariat (4)
Technical
Committee (6)
Technical Advisory
Group (40)
Stakeholder
Group
Plan Vivo Standard

3.
Chris Stephenson | “Engaging men & women in REDD+ business” | Paris, 4 December 2015
Source: Forest Trends’ Ecosystem Marketplace, State of Forest Carbon Finance 2015.
Summary of Forest Carbon Finance, 2014

4.
Chris Stephenson | “Engaging men & women in REDD+ business” | Paris, 4 December 2015
Source: Forest Trends’ Ecosystem Marketplace, State of Forest Carbon Finance 2015.
Latest trends in FCF

5.
 Forest sector: 12% total GHG emissions 2000-2009 (IPCC, 2014)
 A core element of ‘REDD+’ is to generate an adequate funding stream to
mitigate the opportunity costs of forest conservation
 $12.5 - 60 Billion annually (Morris and Stevens, 2011 / Angelsen,
2013)
 Up to $8.7 Billion in public & private sector funding for REDD+ (2006-2014)
 Private sector finance (incl. compliance & voluntary markets) has largely
failed to materialise… so far !
 Broad agreement on need for global agreement. Debate continues around
bottom up vs top down approaches, or “polycentric” vs centralised
governance (Sunderlin et al., 2015)
The size of the REDD+ Challenge

6.
• COMPLIANCE MARKETS
• California, China, S. Korea, S. Africa
• AVIATION NEGOTIATIONS:
• ICAO plans to cap emissions at 2020 levels.
• THE NEW YORK DECLARATION ON FORESTS:
• Private sector signatories committed to reduce deforestation - supply chains.
• INTERNAL CARBON PRICING:
• Companies that internally price carbon are 5x more likely to offset.
• NEW PUBLIC & PRIVATE FINANCING MECHANISMS:
• Reducing risk of environmental investments: GCF, private funds, green bonds, etc.
Summaries & stimulating demand for REDD+
FFI, GCP, IPAM (2014)
bit.ly/REDDbluebook
W. Sunderlin, A. Duchelle, et
al. (2015)
bit.ly/REDDcriticaljuncture

7.
 >50 projects operational or under development in over 30 countries
 2 million Plan Vivo Certificates issued to date
 Est. $9 million channelled to rural communities so far
Khasi Hills, India Mikoko Pamoja, KenyaYaeda Valley, Tanzania
Bujang
Raba,
Jambi,
Indonesia
Plan Vivo project impacts
CFES
Programme:
W. Kalimantan
/ Jambi,
Indonesia
Imagecredit:JuanPabloMoreiras

8.
REDD+ as a Tanzanian model for strengthening
community land rights and improving livelihoods
Yaeda Valley, Mbulu District, Northern Tanzania

9.
Network organization – benefits working in partnerships
Land use
planning
Partnership
forum
Technical support
Global policy and OD

10.
Strengthening community land
rights - Certificate of customary
right of occupancy (CCRO)

11.
Private capital based on past
sales of forest based offsets and
results – not a study of what
might be possible
low income people – 1-5usd/dayTarget
Objectives
Create employment
Long-term economic security
Means Capitalize early stage enterprises
Impact
Social - environmental - Financial
Metrics
Employment
People reached
Profitability
Payment of Taxes
Policy engagement

12.
Contracting and Revenue
The Hadzabe communities and Carbon Tanzania signed a legal contract in
2012 based on the communities adhering to the village’s own by-laws for
managing the area under the CCRO and CT providing revenue
Results based payments are based on activity based monitoring of the
CCRO by community scouts. Patrolling is continuous, reporting on a
monthly basis. Payments to community scouts using M-Pesa (digital
money) are made based on reports being provided.
Twice a year (May – Nov??) participatory community meetings are held to
allow Carbon Tanzania to inform everyone how much income there is based
on the sale of forest based offsets. Payments can also be adjusted based on
the results of activity based monitoring.
Communities determine how the income should be used and shared
this is decided on with key government personnel and community
members in order to ensure transparency.

13.
Sharing revenue – how does it work
Men
Women
Village / ward
Government
Carbon
Tanzania
Roles and responsibilities
Conflicts?
Concerns?
Sales of forest offsets
Percentage of total
Expenditure
Revenue
Observation
of the process
Conflicts
Concerns
Needs
Minutes of meetings signed by all community
members and outlines percentage of revenue
into bank accounts sent to Carbon Tanzania

14.
Revenue 2011-2015 – the ‘general’ pattern
USD 95,000
Tshs 192,000,000
Direct monthly
payments
Through M-Pesa
Direct to the hospital as an insurance fundVaries considerably
due to governance
expectations
Administration of
CCRO by-laws

15.
These companies are leading the way…

16.
www.carbontanzania.com
Thank you