Cyrus The Great Essay

Cyrus the Great Essay
Brice Woodard
HIST 1110
February 7, 2012
Cyrus II of Persia, also known as Cyrus the Great, was one of the most influential and powerful
rulers in the Ancient World.¹ By overthrowing the Assyrian empire, he was able to start the Persian
Empire. Through his superior diplomacy skills within his empire, to his genius war tactics, he built
the foundation for a line of Persian Kings to rule one of the largest empires in world history.
Cyrus the Great's(C. 600–530 BCE) expansion started in Persia, located on the southern portion of
the Iranian peninsula, Cyrus conquered the Medes, led by King Astyages, circa 559 BCE in the
northern part of the peninsula. From there, he moved into Ecbatana to take over the Medes. He
united the them with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cylinder is written in Babylonian script stating that Marduk, the city–god of Babylon, had
looked for a champion to restore Babylon to it's old ways, and chose Cyrus, King of Persia, and
declared him king of the world. ⁹ Marduk ordered Cyrus to rule over the tribes of Iran justly, and to
march on Babylon which was uncontested, and the King of Babylon surrendered and the people of
Babylon rejoiced for Cyrus as their king.
Cyrus had set himself apart from other rulers by compromising with his empire rather than forcing
his entire will on them. He accomplished this by allowing people that had been moved from their
homeland to return, most notably allowing the Jews to return to Jerusalem after Nebuchadnezzar
had them exiled and held captive in Babylon.⁴ On top of them returning, Cyrus also encouraged
them to rebuild their temple, which was also one of his finer qualities.
During his conquests, he would allow the people to keep their religions and cultural differences,
while allowing them to part of the Persian Empire. While Cyrus did allow these freedoms, he also
was able to create an empire–wide trade network as well as a commanding
Woodard 3 army due to an overall agenda that allowed him to keep his people happy while allowing
his empire to expand. By allowing the Jews to return home and build a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Rise Of The Roman And Achaemenid Empire
Rise of the Roman and Achaemenid Empire
Joshuamil Torres
HIS 103: World Civilizations
Kimberly O'Brien
February 6, 2017
The Roman and Achaemenid Empires were two empires of immense power and longevity. Both
empires were able to build and expand their ruling through many things. The Roman Empire and
Achaemenid Empire both created a civilization in which they were both powerful. They were able to
set up and expand their empire but would eventually fall. Technology is always essential in the
expansion of any empire. With Rome, this was no different. The expertise and ability to create roads
were critical to their growth, and the Appian Way were one of them. According to "ALL ROADS
LEAD TO ROME" by Charles Baker, "The construction of Roman ... Show more content on
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With technology, our civilization is consistently expanding and improving. The same traits that these
empires used to grow are the same qualities we see in our society. Building and maintaining roads
help us communicate which others. Finding a way to transport water from primary sources helps
sustain life. Building a strong military helps keep the area secure and safe. Both these empires had
similar reasonings of how they were able to expand to the size they had until they would eventually
fall and become their present day countries. Reference
Baker, Charles R (2005, November). ALL ROADS LEAD TO ROME. Calliope, 16(3), 20–21
Colburn, H. P. (2013). Connectivity and Communication in the Achaemenid Empire. Journal Of The
Economic & Social History Of The Orient, 56(1), 29–52. doi:10.1163/15685209–12341278Colburn,
H. P. (2013). Connectivity and Communication in the Achaemenid Empire. Journal Of The
Economic & Social History Of The Orient, 56(1), 29–52. doi:10.1163/15685209–12341278
English, P. (1968). The Origin and Spread of Qanats in the Old World. Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society, 112(3), 170–181. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/986162
Gibbon, E. (1999). The decline and fall of the Roman empire. [electronic resource]. London :
Elecbook, 1999.
McClain, T. D. (2016). Appian Way. Salem Press

The Capitol And Administrative Center Of Darius ' Empire
CH 7–12 T&T
Ch.7 terms
1. Medes pg. 160
A group of Indo–European language speaking people who migrated to Persia
Significance– Not only did they show the Indo–European migrations, they set the foundation for the
later great Achaemenid empire.
2. Persepolis pg. 162
The capitol and administrative center of Darius ' massive empire.
Significance– The biggest city to exist at the time wit the most complex governing, city structure,
and buildings of the era, a massive monument to Darius ' empire.
3. Satrapies pg. 163
A form of government that allowed people, called satraps, selected by the ruler to govern smaller
areas, similar to states and governors.
Significance– This system allowed a massive empire to be governed very efficiently
4. Qanat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Significance–
8. Cyrus
The Shepherd who started the Persian Empire.
Significance– Created the mighty Persian empire.
9. Free classes priests, artisans, craftsmen, merchants, and low–ranking civil servants in Persia were
free servants
Significance– They still worked but they were not forced to work and could live on their own.
10. Persia
Governed with educated Bureaucrats who directly changed and had an influence on the Empire
Significance– Created major turmoil in Eurasia and Influenced the world, in its time.
Ch.7 Timelines
1. Reign of Darius
(521–486 B.C.E) pg. 162
During the reign of the greatest Achaemenid ruler he expanded his empire to the East as far as the
Indus river and to the west, the black sea. Creating the largest empire the world had ever seen, he
also created a vast and complex system to govern all of his land and its diversity with a coin
system,taxes, and laws.
2. Persian wars
(500 – 479 B.C.E) pg 165

The rebellion of the Greeks whom of which were controlled by the Persians, and they attempted
suppression of the rebellions.
3. Battle of Gaugemela (331 B.C.E) Pg 166
This marks the end of the great Achaemenid empire created by Cyrus and Brought down by
Alexander of Macedon.
4. Achaemenid Empire (558–330 B.C.E) pg 160
The largest empire in its time, setting one of the first complex governing ,administrative, and
taxation based societies in the world. Separated into 23 satrapies
5. Battle of Marathon
A

The Achaemenid Empire : Cyrus II The Great And Darius I...
The Achaemenid Empire, which arose in 550 B.C.E. and declined in 330 B.C.E., is considered the
first Persian Empire. This empire expanded its rule across Asia, Africa and Europe unifying tribes
and cultures by establishing networks of complex roads. The Achaemenid dynasty had fourteen
rulers. There were two major influential emperors, Cyrus II the Great and Darius I the Great, who
left a large impact on the empire and other empires to come. The demise of the Achaemenid Empire
is due to the rise of Alexander of Macedon, also known as Alexander the Great, and his victorious
battles against the Achaemenid forces. Cyrus II the Great is credited as the founder of the
Achaemenid Empire. Cyrus II reigned from 558–530 B.C.E. Cyrus II took control of the weakened
Assyrian and Babylonian empires through his powerful, strategic military. Under Cyrus II's rule, the
empire's military expanded and conquered most of Asia and parts of Europe creating the largest
empire in the world during this time period. Cyrus II led his kingdom by respecting the religions and
customs of the people he conquered. Cyrus II was successful in molding a centralized administration
and creating a stable, working government. His achievements involving military strategy, politics,
and human rights impacted and influenced not only the Achaemenid Empire but both Western and
Eastern Civilizations. Cyrus II fell wounded while protecting the northeastern border of his empire
from raiders ending his reign. Cyrus II's

Alexander The Great: The Nonxistence Of Nihilism In Persia
Persia has always been subject to various events, phenomenon and changes. Thousands years of
existence in the World and the encounter and confrontation of different ideas has led to the creation
and development of different and new ideologies, philosophies, rituals and schools which certainly
each of them has had an impact on this Empire. Here, we travel to the two thousand and five
hundred years ago, the time of Cyrus the Great and the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550–330 BC), and
evaluate the existence or the nonexistence of nihilism in Iran from that time onward.
To begin with, Alexander the Great invaded Persia in 334, an invasion which resulted to the
slaughter of thousands of innocent people. However, despite the great exaggeration that is made

The Achaemenid Era Of The Persian Empire
The Achaemenid Era of The Persian Empire was founded in 550 BCE. At its height of power it the
empire "encompassed approximately 3 million square miles, spanning three continents: Asia, Africa
and Europe." (Persian) The true rise to power of the Persian Empire can be attributed back to one
man, Cyrus the Great. Cyrus was born to Camyses I, the King Ansan, and his wife, Mandane.
(Religion p. 3) When Cyrus became King his Kingdom was still forced to recognize the Median
Lordship of Astyages, a dynasty that had ruled the area for the previous 150 years. In 559 BCE
Cyrus formed a rebellion against the Astyages and upon his victory married his daughter Amytis
cementing the Medes and Persians together to begin the forming of the Persian Empire. (Briant p.
33) It is believed, although some scholars dispute, that in 547 BCE Cyrus conquered the Lydian
Empire and Asia Minor. It must be noted that Cyrus did not attack the Lydian Empire outright, but
only responded after Lydia attacked the Persian city of Pteria. In response to the attack Cyrus started
his campaign against the Lydian empire and did not stop until he had united all of Asia Minor. In
540 BCE Cyrus invaded and conquered the Neo–Babylonian Empire. Again it should be noted that
the Neo–Babylonian Empire has conquered many Kingdoms and Cyrus used this as the justification
of his invasion. After taking Babylon, Cyrus declared himself "King of Babylon and King of the
four corners of the world." (Cyrus)

Herodotus: The Struggle Between Greek And Persian Empires
RChapter 7 Terms Herodotus (p.159) D: A greek historian that created many tales about the Persian
empire and its quarrels with other civilizations. One story consisted of a scuffle between Cyrus and
Croesus. S:His stories gave us perspective on the struggles between Greek and Persian empires.
Medes and Persians (p.160) D:People who had migrated from central Asia to Persia. Where they
lived under loose control to the Babylonian and Assyrian empires. Spoke Indo–European languages
and were apart of Indo–European migrations. S:The Medes and Persians were very important
because they were the origins of the classical Persian society. They had set the foundation and
started it. Darius (p.162) D:Most extraordinary of all the Achaemenid emperors he reigned (521–486
BCE). Expanded his empire east and west ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Satrapies (pgs.162–163) D:Administrative and taxation districts that were governed by satraps.
Darius divided his realm into 23 satrapies. S:The creation of Satrapies had made Darius's empire
much more manageable to govern and he was able to prevent disunion by always checking on the
satrapies with tax officials and imperial spies. And it influenced governments in other regions.
Xerxes (pgs.164–165) D:Darius's successor. Rejected Persian rule of toleration. Reigned 486–465
BCE. S:Because of Xerxes's arrogance and reluctance to tolerate other cultures it caused turmoil and
ill will to Mesopotamians and Egyptians.And it ended up causing dire dilemmas for the future
Persians to keep their empire together. Imperial Bureaucrats (p.169) D:Administrators that present
the central power and take out imperial code. They prevented the other satrapies of straying from
their alliance to the Persians. S:This administrative technique allowed for ethnicity and diversity.
And because Persia was immensely large it was a reliable government

Cyrus The Great : The Greatest Leader Of The Great Persian...
Introduction:
The greatest leaders in the history leave behind some sort of legacy. Cyrus the great was the founder
of the great Persian Empire around 550 B.C., which was the largest empire at that time. The empire
was stretched from Indus valley in the east to Thrace and Macedon on the northeastern boarder of
Greece which makes the largest empire of the world. Ancient Egypt was also under the rule of
Achaemenid Empire (Hegel, G. W., & Sibree, J., 2015).
Prior to Cyrus's rule, Persia was a small tributary state to the Median Empire, which happened to be
ruled by Cyrus's grandfather, Astyages. Persia paid the Medes for protection and to maintain a level
of independence. Cyrus came into conflict with his grandfather and initiated a rebellion that
ultimately succeeded in 550 BCE. Cyrus got victory over Astyages by building a city on the site of
the battle and naming it Pasargadae, after his tribe. By defeating Astyages, Cyrus took on his role as
ruler of what had been the Median Empire. Everyone who had been paying tribute to Astyages
accepted Cyrus as their new ruler. In order to solidify his power, Cyrus had to find ways to bring
lesser rulers under his control. His success earned Cyrus the title of "Cyrus the Great." (Empires,
A.O., 2011).
This paper reflects the pattern of Persian rule over the four corners of the world. According to
Cyrus:
"I am Cyrus, king of the world, great king, mighty king, king of Babylon, king of the lands of Sumer
and Akkad, king of the four

Similarities Between Greek And Persian Empires
Although they bear some superficial similarities, the differences between Greeks and Persians
during the years 1000–30 B.C.E are clear. The thought that the Greek empires are better than the
Persian empires is one that I believe in. Greece and Persia's religion is one factor that makes both of
these empires so diverse from each other. During the Achaemenid Period, the main religion of Persia
at the time was Zoroastrianism, which the Iranian prophet and reformer Zoroaster founded in the 6th
century B.C.E. At the time the royal family brought in Zoroastrianism to Persia, and since the royal
family believed in it, most of the people of the Persian Empire choose to believe in it too. Greece on
the other hand, did not have a religion until 146 B.C.E when Christianity entered the empire. Before
Christianity had entered Greece, they believed in their mythological stories. Each myth or story had
a lesson to be learned by the reader. Together with religion, the way each empire ran their
government was a major difference between the Greek and the Persian Empire. In fact, Greece was
originally a monarchy, but later on, Athens, one of the city states of Greece, started the first ever
democratic. During this time Greece also sets up individual towns called city states. A few of the
most powerful city–states include Athens, Sparta and Argos. Persia on the other hand was always a
monarchy. In Persia, governors called Satrap govern each province called Satrapies. Although it was
a

Development And Interaction Of Cultures
Theme Two: Development and Interaction of Cultures
Liza–Kelly Mbah
October 22, 2014
Period Six
What helped to bring about the development of cultures in Ancient Egypt, Mesoamerica, Classical
Persia, India, Greece and Rome from 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.?
Annotations
–Founding of Jainism – Mahavira born 540 B.C.E., founder of Jainism ✔
–Founding of Buddhism – Buddha publicly announced doctrine in 528 B.C.E. ✔
–Hinduism supported cast system, made it religiously sanctified bc of karma ✔
–Chavin Cult appears 1000 B.C.E.
–Cult of Osiris ✔
–Upanishads begin to appear 800 B.C.E.
–Zarathustra born c. 628 B.C.E., promulgates Zoroastrianism ✔
–Kong Fuzi born in 551 B.C.E., promotes Confucianism
–Period of War ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of these good virtues can be inferred from ancient Egyptian funerary texts such as The
Negative Confession, which state "I have not caused pain, I have not caused tears, I have not
killed..."[10] According to this text, causing pain and tears, and committing murder were actions that
could bar one from attaining immortality. This standard of ethics differs from the previously held
notion, which was that only kings could become immortals. Because of the potential promise of
eternity, people began to act better, in hopes that their efforts would be enough.
Chavin Cult (c. 1000 B.C.E.)
The Chavin Cult
Upanishads (c. 800 B.C.E.)
Zoroastrianism (c. 628 B.C.E., birth of Zarathustra)[11]
Zoroastrianism is the indigenous religion of Persia, founded by Zarathustra. Zoroastrians believe
that Ahura Mazda, the Supreme Lord, is caught in a cosmic battle with the evil spirit, Angra

Mainyu.[12] There are also six lesser deities, known as amesha spentas[13], making it a henotheistic
religion. The teachings of this faith are preserved in the Avesta and the Gathas. It gained popularity
during the Achaemenid empire, thanks to wealthy individuals donating land and money for the
building of Zoroastrianism. During the Sasanid dynasty, it became officially sponsored by the ruling
class and those who opposed its teaching were

Persian Empire Research Paper
The Persian Empire began in 500 B.C.E. It was the world's largest empire with diverse
population of around 35 to 50 million people. The ancient Persians were the descendants of
nomadic people, Indo–Europeans; They migrated from Central Asia in the east to the Iranian
plateau. The empire began with the conquest by Cyrus the great. The empire ruled by the
monarchs. The Persians had powerful monarchs Cyrus (r. 557–530 B.C.E.) and Darius (r. 522–486
B.C.E.), which expanded the boundaries of the civilization. They conquered from Egypt to India.
On that period of time, the Persians were progressed and were the most impressive and powerful
empire in the ancient world.
The Persians political system had the government that king Darius ... Show more content on
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Below the ruling class were the free commoners, consisting of military leaders and soldiers;
They were very important to the empire because the empire had fought a lot, Merchants and
craftsmen came next; They worked for themselves and made a lot of money. The bottom class was
Peasants; They were farmers and worked the land owned by nobles. They weren't slaves and
weren't really free like the free commoners.
The Greeks social structure had three different social classes. The top class were citizens.
The middle class were not citizens; they were free people such as craftsmen, artist, traders and
merchants. The bottom people were slaves.
They were Greco–Persian conflicts in 490 and 480 B.C.E. The reason that the war started

because of the Persian wanted to expand their empire by conquering the Greek city–states. In the
ended of the conflicts, the Persians were defeated by the Greek city–states that were the Athenians
and the Plataeans at the battle of Marathon. After the war had ended, the Persian Empire declined.
The Athenians became the most powerful in the Greek city–states; The Greek Civilization

Persian Empire Chapter Summaries
The Achaemenid Persian Empire (559– 330 B.C.) As we are introduced to the Great Persian Empire,
we find that Amy Chua's thesis talks about how tolerance was critical in allowing the Persians to not
only establish and prosper their world dominant empire, but to maintain it for over two centuries.
The thesis of the book, Day of Empire by Amy Chua, is about the "study of colossal power and the
conditions needed to maintain it". Not only this, but it discusses "the contest between ethnic "purity"
and ethnic pluralism". Amy Chua argues that The Achaemenid Persian Empire was "one of the first
hyper powers in world history, governing a territory larger than all the ancient empires, including
even Rome's." (Day of Empire pg. 4) Along with this, she argues that the Persian Empire was "one
of the most culturally diverse and religiously open empires in history." (Day of Empire pg. 4)
Therefore, the author argues that The Persian Empire is relevant when discussing large powerful
world authorities with a large size, long period of ruling, and ethnic tolerance it ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the king Xerces started ruling, the beginning of the decline of tolerance and the Persian Empire
as a whole began. Although we do not have the exact facts from this late time period, historians have
studied Greek depictions of "increasing brutality and repression of the later Achaemenid kings,
provoking violent uprisings among the subject people." (Day of Empire pg. 21) The pivotal point of
failure occurred when Darius III took the power of the Empire. During this time, "growing
intolerance, unrest, and violence" (Day of Empire pg. 21) was happening amongst the subject
peoples. As more and more people were conquered, the Persian Empire had so many diverse people
that there was no unity amongst the Persian Empire. Soon, the whole empire came to a fall when
Alexander of Macedon began to conquer cities and replace the Persian

Why Did the Achaemenid Empire Fall? Essay
Why did the Achaemenid Empire Fall?
Throughout time there have been a number of Persian Empires, but none of them can compare to the
great Achaemenid Empire, which ruled between 550 to 330BC. The Achaemenid Empire is known
as the largest empire in Ancient history which stretched out approximately 8 million km² at the
height of its power. So how does an Empire so large and with such great power collapse? Was it
struggle for power, which every new king had to suffer after the death of Darius the Great? Or was it
because of corruption of the ministers and Satraps that made the empire decline. Maybe it could
have been the invading Greek forces lead by Phillip the II of Macedon and his son Alexander the
Great or are all these to blame? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the next few years he would lay siege and conquer many cities and countries and gains control
of a vast majority of Asia Minor and Egypt. After Alexander had conquered Babylon he set his
sights on Persia. He took Susa, one of the capitals and Persepolis the ceremonial capital. Alexander
had set his sights on taking Darius III and pursed him into Media then Parthia. In the year 330BC,
Darius was taken prisoner by the Bactrian Satrap Bessus who had Darius stabbed as Alexander
approached, He declared himself the new king under the name of Artaxerxes V. Alexander gave
Darius a proper burial next to his Achaemenid ancestors and proclaims himself the rightful
successor. Though Bessus proclaims himself as King of the Empire, he had no relations to anyone of
the royal family, therefore it is generally accepted that the death of Darius the III marked the end of
Achaemenid Empire. Much of the remaining Empire falls to Alexander or gains independence for
themselves. Alexander succeeded in conquering the Achaemenid Empire because of his great
tactical prowess on the battlefield making him and his army a formidable enemy for the generals of
the Empire. He conquers many cities and state swiftly, many were willing to submit after seeing
what they had done to other armies. In conquering the cities he began to merge Greek language,
Greek Culture and Greek population with these conquered areas making the original culture of
Persia decline.
After the rule of King Darius the I (known

Alexander The Great : Alexander The Great?
Alexander of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great, was born in July of 356 B.C.E
born to Phillip of Macedon and Olympias of Epirus, in the ancient city of Pella. Alexander had
succeeded his father at the tender age of twenty. Phillip II of Macedon did not get the chance to
follow his plan to invade Persia, but after his assassination Alexander had successfully carried out
this plan and indeed invaded Persia (Mark). After the death of Alexander's father, he carried out his
Phillip's plans to invade Persia. Before he invaded Persia, he led his military on a series of
campaigns. His military traveled from Macedon, through Greece, down to Egypt, through Persia to
India; Alexander successfully conquered these countries along the way. Aristotle, a Greek
philosopher, was a mentor of Alexander. As Alexander went on his voyage, he spread the philosophy
and Greek culture, "Hellenizing" (to make 'Greek' in culture and human progress) of those he
conquered (Mark). In thirteen short years, Alexander the Great had accumulated the biggest
kingdom in the whole ancient world–a kingdom that secured 3,000 miles. Incredibly, he did this
without the assistance of present day innovation and weaponry. In Alexander's time, troops
advanced by walking, and communication was conducted face to face. A significant number of
Alexander's achievements were made conceivable by his father. Macedon, which is modern–day
Macedonia, it was a kingdom found that lay geologically north of Greek

What Are The Similarities Between Achaemenid And Roman...
The Roman and Achaemenid Empires are arguably the most significant empires in human history.
Although separated by many years, they had countless resemblances that may have had an important
role in their success. First, you can see parallels concerning their approaches to governance. Both
empires were so expansive that they could not be practically controlled by one central authority.
They both had analogous attitudes towards the general population, religious tolerance and were
greatly influenced by the cultures they annexed into their empires.
Rome and Persia paralleled in many aspects of governmental policy. They were both governed
under a republic in order to manage their expansive conquered lands. Both empires were huge and
well organized. According to History World International, the Persian Empire governed different
conquered peoples on the principle of equal responsibilities and equal rights. If taxes were paid and
no one revolted against their rule, local religion, customs, and trade would be left to the local
government (Giusepi. 2004. p 1). While the Roman Empire did allow many religious and cultural
freedoms as well, they did attempt to "Romanize" its citizens, and enslave the people they
conquered. This caused an understandable amount of unrest amongst its people.
Another similarity was how these empires installed a military representative in conquered lands to
maintain control and report back to their Emperors (Guisepi. 2004 p 1).
According to Cuyler Young's

The City Of Babylon : An Overview
The city of Babylon has fascinated archaeologist for centuries. Its prosperous past and biblical ties
have continuously drawn in curiosity and produced discovery. Cuneiforms, prevalent but important
artifacts, found in Babylon have inadvertently offered large amounts of key information. A great
portion of these archives focus on private commerce and banking in early achaemenid Babylon.
However, cuneiforms from the late Achaemenid period are uncommon. Located within the later
financial archives are descriptions of the House of Murashu of Nippur. This house 's documents
connect the commercial, financial, and agricultural background in achaemenid Babylon.
Commercial traits, buying and selling between people, mentioned in archives have led ... Show
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It was measured in traditional units of weight: the mina (about 500 grams), the shekel (1 mina = 60
shekels), and the talent (1 talent = 60 shekels) (Sasson 1478). Interest was common practice through
out Babylon in this time. However, certain cases where exempt. The most common was in the case
of a wealthy women looking to make profit on capital. As she would not have control over the
management of real estate or slaves, she would turn to silver from her dowry. With this, she would
then invest in financial ventures. As well, the uses of security objects replace interest in some cases.
Usually this object is a slave, but could also be a relative of the debtor 's or a house. In this case, the
promissory note would state the security object would replace the payment of interest. The object
would then be returned once the loan was paid in full (Sasson 1477). As shown, the commercial
relations described in the texts of the House of Murashu of Nippur have helped archaeologist better
understand the economic structure of Achaemenid Babylon. Financial situations give much insight
into the social structures of achaemenid Babylon. For example, it is knows that male Babylonians
ruled socially as the cuneiforms describe a patronymic economy. As well, large numbers of leading
Babylonians participated in financial and commercial trade. However, the lands belonged to the
King. To

The Legacy Of Darius The Great
Darius I ,also known as Darius the Great, was the third king who reigned from 550–486 BCE during
the Achaemenid Empire. While he lived, Darius held the empire at its peak, which stretched from
the river Nile and parts of Northern Greece to the Indus River Valley. One of the most major events
in Darius 's life was his expedition to discipline Athens and Eretria for their support in the Ionian
Revolt. He made his empire larger by vanquishing Thrace and Macedon, and occupying Scythia. He
also arranged his empire, by splitting it into provinces and placing governors to rule over it. Darius
organized a new financial system, along with making Aramaic the official language of the empire.
He further worked on establishment projects throughout the empire. Darius also formulated a
codification of laws for Egypt. He order the carving of the cliff–face Behistun Inscription, an
autobiography of great modern linguistic significance. Darius also started many massive
architectural projects including magnificent palaces in Persepolis, and Susa. Darius was born as the
eldest of five sons to a leading figure of power in Persia named Hystaspes. Herodotus of
Halicarnassus wrote that after a dream that seemed to predict Darius' reign, King Cyrus became
suspicious of the son of Hystaspes, who was "about twenty at that time and had been left behind in
Persia because he was too young for war (Herodotus)". Herodotus adds that Cyrus sent back
Hystaspes to control his son. A couple days late and the

The Greek And Persian Empires
Throughout the years, many historians have acknowledged that the classical era was a time when
Greek and Persian Empires flourished. With that being said, from approximately 323–800 B.C.E.,
both the Greek and Persian Empire were experiencing periods of economic, political, and artistic
growth. The Persians, like the Greeks, were Indo Europeans, and were located by the Mediterranean
Sea, which consequently allowed Greeks and Persians to develop similarities. At this time, many
emerging civilizations lacked communication with other societies. Consequently, this enabled many
civilizations to established their own political systems, cultures, and religions. However, unlike
other aspiring nations, the Greek and Persian Empires had interaction ... Show more content on
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The Greeks were also located near the Mediterranean Sea. Ancient Greek culture was known for its
contributions to the architecture, science, mathematics, theatre and arts, and literature. The Greeks
also made the first significant, fundamental steps in science. The Greeks developed specific
scientific branches, such as zoology, biology, and anthropology. They were also known for
controlling the Persian Empire after the Persian War. King Alexander the Great initiated a war with
Persia, conquered and killed the last emperors. When they got ahold of Persians important city,
Persepolis, they burned it down. After Alexander, Greek culture spread out throughout Persia and it
was known as Hellenistic Era. (Lecture 10). Religion also separated the Greeks and Persians.
Persians placed a great emphasis on ritual, and practiced religious autonomy or religious toleration.
Also, Persia was known to have three distinct religions. However, Zoroastrianism was considered
the primary religion in Persia, because it was the first monotheistic religion. This religion introduced
the idea of a dualistic universe that focused on good versus evil and heaven and hell (Lecture 8). The
Persians were also committed to having people convert to their religion. As for the Greeks, "They
did not recognize a single, exclusive, all powerful God" (Bentley 212). Greeks believed in
mythology and in many different gods, such as Zeus, Poseidon,

Comparing The Achaemenid Empire And The Imperial Stability...
Throughout human civilization, it has been invariably true that the ideas and innovations belonging
to particular societies have been adopted by both concurrent and later cultures. This has culminated
in remarkably advanced societies, whose success can be attributed to that of their ancient
counterparts. Much of the prosperity of modern civilization can certainly be accredited to the
Achaemenid Empire, a pluralistic empire founded in 550 BCE. At its peak, it stretched from the
Indus River Valley to the eastern Mediterranean coast. Despite its diversity, the empire remained
politically and societally united throughout its existence. The two major Achaemenid emperors
responsible for the imperial stability and prosperity were Cyrus and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
To retain the power that emperors would have, Cyrus instituted checks and balances in this political
system; though satraps technically governed the provinces, the emperor had the power to institute
legislation that applied to the entire empire (Farazmand). Furthermore, the emperor would have the
ability to appoint, and if necessary, remove satraps from their positions. This ensured the loyalty of
satraps, as emperors could monitor them. This system of checks and balances resulted in a
politically efficient empire, in the context of both legislation and appointing government officials.
This efficiency encouraged Greeks and Romans to use similar techniques to manage their
governmental systems, contributing to the stability of their respective empires. Romans and Greeks
were heavily influenced by Persian administrative policies, establishing a "satrapy system of local
governorship" (New World Encyclopedia Contributors). With the existence of administrative
divisions, Persians were given province–oriented legislation by their satraps. As a result, however, it
became harder for the general public to communicate directly with high–ranking Persian officials,
resulting in some bureaucratic flaws.
The Achaemenid Empire 's standardization of land and sea routes solidified their bureaucratic
system, inspiring Romans to do the same. The Persian Royal Road was constructed by Darius the
Great in the 5th century BCE. It is considered to be the first

Ancient Artifacts Of The Great Things That Is Known About...
One of the great things that is known about Darius is his understanding the importance of religions
within his empire. During his stay in Egypt, Darius gave tributes to the Egyptian gods and dedicated
many temples to some of them. Ancient artifacts show that there were sacrifices made to several
deities of different cultures. He supported faiths and religions of his empire as long as the believers
were submissive and peaceful. It was established during Darius' reign that the king was a believer in
Ahura Mazda, the god of Zoroastrianism. He believed that Ahura Mazda had given him the "divine
right" to rule Persia because he had lived righteously by Asha.
When Darius was expressing religious tolerance, a great example that he expressed it ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research on the Old Testament is even today concerned with finding out both the 'historical' facts in
these texts, and the significance of the Persian empire in the history of the Jewish communities in
Palestine, Babylonia and Egypt, their theological convictions and religious and ritual establishments,
as well as the evolution of their literature (the 'Old Testament').
During the first year of the reign of Darius, he placed several governors to be in charged of twenty
provincial governorships which watched over the collection of taxes. The inhabitants of these
provinces, each community within its own borders, went on, from year to year, in their various
pursuits of peaceful industry, governed mainly, in their relations to each other, by the natural sense
of justice instinctive in man, and by those thousand local institutions and usages which are always
springing up in all human communities under the influence of this principle. There were governors
stationed over these provinces, whose main duty it was to collect and remit to the king the tribute
which the province was required to furnish him. These governors were also to suppress any
domestic outbreak of violence, and to repel any foreign invasion which might occur. A sufficient
military force was placed at their disposal to enable them to fulfill these functions. They paid these
troops from sums which they collected in their provinces under the same system by which they
collected the

The Aryans: The First Hegemon, Persia
The first hegemon, Persia, started from the Aryans. Aryans were people who spoke Indo–European
languages and migrated from Russia and central Asia to India, Mesopotamia, and the Iranian
plateau. The Aryans, within a hundred years, controlled the surrounding areas and established their
kingdoms throughout the region. Some kingdoms included Bactria, Media, and Parsa. The Persians,
(from Parsa), were compiled of numerous tribes and clans, such as the Achaemenids. The
Achaemenids were the driving force that led Parsa rule throughout Arya and its kingdoms. Ruled
from approximately 559 to 330 BC, it officially became the standard for hyperpowers from there on
out. The official beginning of the empire was when Cyrus became king under Astyages. He and
some other Persian tribes rebelled and took over Media and its ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Cambyses was by all accounts, crazy. He captured Greek cities in Asia Minor, Egypt, Heliopolis,
Phoenicia, and Libya. He also controlled the seas from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf. He
died and soon Darius became king. Darius was an outstanding leader. He developed his kingdom in
ways that no other king could do. He expanded the kingdom to the point where it reached its zenith
under him. He established many things to ensure that his empire was a well–oiled machine, such as
introduce a standard currency and extended the empire's fabulous network of roads and its
communication system, which included a royal mail service, express messengers, and fire signals.
He also started a taxation system to fund all of his ventures and projects. He extended his reign to
Eastern Europe, Greece, and India. Darius also continued now the tradition of tolerance. "With each
new conquest, however, the Achaemenid military engulfed additional units, including entire
cavalries, phalanxes, and navies. By the time of Darius, the army was an amazingly diverse
multinational force, commanded principally by Persians." No longer did the Persian Empire consist
of the

The World Of Ancient Persia
In the sixth century B.C, the land that we now call Iran was the center of the largest empire in the
world. The kings of Ancient Persia( such as Cyrus the Great) were the leaders of a great civilization
that made amazing advances in laws, goverment and communication. Founded in 550 B.C by King
Cyrus the Great, the Persian Empire spanned from Egypt in the west to Turkey in the north, and
through Mesopotamia to the Indus River in the east. Unlike most empires at that time, the Persian
kings were benovelent rulers, and allowed a diverse variety of diffrent people with diffrent ethnic
backgrounds. The Persian empire was split into three diffrent empires with three diffrent time
periods but the first empire was called the Achaemenid Empire. It ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The two struggled for control and that humans were frew to chose between good and evil. At death
the humans willl be judged and good deeds will be rewarded and the bad deeds will be punished. In
the book of Daniel, which takes place at the Persian court, the ideas of Heaven and Hell and of
Satan as a force always opposed to God first appear in the Bible. Both of these ideas have become
central to Christianity and Islam as well as Judaism.However others who came from diffrent ethnic
backgrounds were free to live according to their culture and practice their religions as long as they
followed and accepted Persian rule. During the Achaemenid Empire, there was no limit to the kings
power. He could do anything he wanted and the only thing that could stop him was rebellion from
his people. But the king wanted to control his people and protect the weak, so the empire began to
have satrapes. A satrap was usually part of the royal family and carried out the laws of the
goverment and did deeds such as collecting taxes, keeping the roads safe, putting down rebels and
criminals, and enforcing peace. Satraps were also judges of criminal and civil cases in their legion.
At times of war, satraps could act as military commanders. However most satraps were not
trustworthy and in order to keep watch of what they were doing the king sent royal clerks that were
secret spies and they watched the satraps and reported back to the king. King Darius assigned about
20–30 satraps in his

Assess The Efficiency Of The Persian Empire
Assess the efficiency of the Immortals in the expansion of the Persian empire.
– Author's last name, first name. Title. City: Publisher, Year.
During antiquity, the Persian Empire was one of the most powerful and influential nations of the
world. With the help of prominent Kings and military strength, the Persian Empire expanded vastly
from 553 BCE until the death of Darius lll and the end of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia in 330
BCE Thesis Statement. Through analysis the Achaemenid Empire, the battles that lead to its
expansion, and, to the warriors that fought them: The Persian force, the Greek force, and the
Immortals. The Immortals were an elite regiment of the Kings guard. They were called the
Immortals because "It was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also allowed the people he conquered to live according to their customs and restored sacred
objects to the religious minority such as the Jews.
Darius also expanded the nation also. One of his successfors, Darius also expanded the Persian
Empire
Cyrus began his reign by organizing the Persian Empire and, only after consolidating his realm, did
he begin to expand its domain
2nd PARAGRAPH : The Achaemneid force.
The Persian or Achaemenid force was an essential part of the extension of the Persian Empire. The
Persian army is said to be 3,000,000 warriors strong, with 2,641,610 soldiers,70,000 infantry,9,000
horsemen.
The Immortals:
The Immortals were an elite regiment of handpicked men trained from childhood into elite warriors.
They were imperial guards of the Achaemenid Sahs. Achaemenid brick reliefs in Persepolis
represent the Immortals as wearing elaborate robes and golden jewellery, although these garments
would have only been worn for ceremonial occasions as they would be impractical in warfare. Cyrus
the Great was the founder of the Immortals. During Cyrus's conquests, 10,000 of his finest troops
were gathered together to create a new regiment–the Immortals. These were all Iranian men who
loyally served the King to their death. Only Iranians could join the Immortal regiment. They were
trained from childhood

China Empire Chapter 1 Summary
Chua's thesis is that every hyperpower in history has achieved global dominance because they were
tolerant as the empire rose up. What Chua means by tolerance is the patience to accept races,
culture, and religion. Also part of Chua's thesis is that all empires fall due to tolerance. That even
tolerance has a breaking point in which it leads to destruction. Throughout part 1 Chua gives real
life examples of how tolerance built an empire and how it ended it.
Chapter 1 is about the first hyperpower in history. While most believe this is Greece or Rome it was
actually the Achaemenid Empire. Founded in 559 BCE by Cyrus the Great, a man whose origins are
a mystery, it was one of the most diverse empires even for todays standards. After taking control ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1162 a boy named Temujin was born on desolate hill. On this steppe there are no cities and very
few fertile areas. There were often hail storms followed by heat and cold without proper shelters.
The steppe was inhabited by war tribes fighting amongst each other. Over time Temujin created
alliances and gained power on the steppe. In 1203 he reformed his mongol army into squads. Instead
of giving power to blood alliances he appointed people on talent and merit. After learning of his Ally
Ong Khan's plan to assassinate him, far outnumbered he fled with his army. With the most diverse
20 soldiers, he reassembled the rest of his army and planned a counter attack against Ong Khan.
After 3 days of battle he achieved victory and in 1204, he defeated every tribe on the steppe. After
each battle against the Jurchen, Mongol weaponry greatly increased and in 1214 the Jurchens
surrendered and offered gifts in exchange for the Mongols withdrawing. In 1215 he completed his
conquest of Northern China. In 1219 he proposed a peaceful trading relationship with the Muslim
sultan of Khwarizm. After Khwarizm betrayed him he began his next conquest. One by one the
Khwarizm cities were crushed until they began to surrender as soon as the mongols were seen. By
1223, he did the impossible and conquered their empire. After creating the largest empire known to
man he died in 1227 with his army still loyal. When he died he appointed his 3rd son Ogodei as his
heir.

Ancient Iran Social Structure Essay
Ancient Iran, 1000–486 BCE
Key Points
Location
Irrigation, irrigation channels
Objects of trade Medes
Cyrus
Social Structure
Cambyses
Darius I
Define satrap & duty
The royal court
Define Persepolis & use
Zoroastrianism
Susa Notes About Key Points
Links western Asia with southern and central Asia. Surrounded by mountain ranges, a desert, and
bodies of water.
Irrigation allowed people to move down from mountains into valleys...leading to agriculture.
Underground irrigation channels prevented evaporation
Mineral resources–Copper, tin, iron, gold, silver. Crafted goods–textiles, carpets
First to achieve complex level of political organization. Influenced by Mesopotamia. Extended ...
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Access to raw materials and markets abroad. Building stone (fine marble), clay
Surrounded by: medt. Sea, atl. Ocean, alps, Syrian and sahara desert.
Grain (barley), olive trees, grapevines
Timber–northern Aegean, gold–anatolia, copper–cyprus, tin–west medt., grain–black sea, Egypt, &
sicily
After destruction of mycenaean palace–states, poverty struck and Greece was isolated from rest of

world
Created first true alphabet; influenced by Phoenicia
Farming replaced herding, and families were able to work on previously unused land. Developing
skills in other areas(crafts)
(city–state), consists of urban center and rural territory it controls. Ex)Athens offered refuge in an
emergency open area where citizens came together to participate in government heavily armored
Greek infantrymen who fought in close packed phalanx formation expanding population–many
communities sent people abroad to establish independent colonies. Some left voluntarily, some
where threatened their life if returned.–this spread Greek culture to many places term Greeks used
for someone who seized and held power in violation of the normal procedures and traditions of the
community.
Allowed for more rapid exchanges of goods, better record keeping, and storage of wealth.
Stimulated

The Civilians Of Ancient Greece
World History C375 Task 2 Serra Bauman 000505328 Part A The civilians of Ancient Greece had to
be resourceful. Most civilizations had rivers to channel, irrigate, and predict. Ancient Greece is a
series of islands. This means that the people of Ancient Greece had to learn to live on the ocean.
They had to deal with being more vulnerable to land attacks as they were used to battling with ships.
And they also had to deal with huge ocean storms. These storms could destroy a new society with
no notice. (Acrobatic, 2014) There were good things about being a seafaring civilization. As the
Ancient Greeks migrated to the coast of the Mediterranean, and Black Seas, they were able to put all
of their energy into maritime trade, eventually making them dominant of the busiest waterway in the
ancient world. (Acrobatic, 2014) Persian people, or "people of Arya", settled south of Iran in the
plains of Pars. These plains were very fertile. This fertility allowed the Persian's to grow and expand
on sea and land. (Acrobatic, 2014) Part B In Greece, a democratic society was created. This society
thought highly of citizen participation, and the unending search of the ultimate philosophical truths.
Being responsible as a group was far more important than individual rights, or freedom. This created
an open society that was free to open expression and questioning authority. (Acrobatic, 2014) The
"love of wisdom", or study of philosophy was possible in the open society of Greece.

Cyrus The Great Thesis
Cyrus the Great: Anointed of the Lord
Imagine being a young Persian solider as the mighty Babylonian army is heading towards you. You
are watching your army fall one by one and your heart is pounding in your chest. Your only thought
is how to save the Jews from Babylonian captivity. This is how Cyrus the Great felt. Cyrus the Great
was important to history because he helped the Jewish people rebuild their temple with the funds he
made by conquering Babylon, and he was one of the fairest rulers of his time period.
Cyrus the Great was born 590 B.C.E. in Anshan, Iran. His parents were Cambyses, which was the
emperor of Achaemenid, and Mandane of Media, she was the princess of Media but then became
queen marrying Cambyses, and had no siblings. When Cyrus was born his grandfather, Astyages,
had a dream that Cyrus would overrule him, so he sent people to go and kill Cyrus but Astyages
could not it was just hard for him to do. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They had five children three girls, and two boys. Cyrus the Great became King of Anshan, after
Cambyses died in 559 B.C. The Battle of Opis was the most important battle of his life; the battle
was between the Neo–Babylonian Empire and the Persians. Why the Battle of Opis was important
was because the Neo–Babylonians took the Jews into Babylonian Captivity so they had a battle and
if the Persians won they would take back the Jews and if they lost the Jews stayed with the
Babylonians. The Persians won the Battle of

Similarities Between Achaemenid And Greek Empires
The Achaemenid Empire was one of the strongest empires in Southwest Asia during the first
millennium B.C.E. Courageous and skilled Persian conquerors allowed Persian rule to spread
beyond Persian territory, creating one of the largest early empires (Dunn & Mitchell, 2014).
However, across the Mediterranean Sea was dwelled a more advanced empire with a stronger
military, the Greeks (Dunn & Mitchell, 2014). These prominent early empires possessed many
similarities and held the ultimate goal of building and maintaining an advanced empire and society.
Yet, their Southwestern and Afro–Eurasian cultures consisted of several different beliefs and ways
of life. The 5th and 6th century B.C.E polytheistic Greek traditions tremendously differed from the
religion of the Achaemenid Empire, which believed solely in Ahu Mazda, "the supreme god" (Dunn
& Mitchell, 2014). The political structures of the Achaemenid and Greek Empires were also vastly
dissimilar, unlike the united Achammenid Empire; Greece consisted of several poleis' (city states)
(Dunn & Mitchell, 2014). The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, they did not practice as brutal of slavery as the Greeks did. Also, like the Greeks the
aristocrats held the royal and high positions (Dunn & Mitchell, 2014). Governing officials called
satrapies, held the task of collecting taxes from the Persian people for the "royal treasury" (Dunn &
Mitchell, 2014). Unlike the Greek Empire, the Achamenid dynasty was unified under one emperor.
However, the emperor and his "entourage" moved throughout Persia, thus there was no specific
capital (Dunn & Mitchell, 2014). Dunn & Mitchell (2014) found that the Persian Empire was a
"funnel of trade". Their early popularity and dominance among Southwestern territory resulted in
their "universal mission to rule the world" (Dunn & Mitchell, 2014). The Persians were one of the
first among many to have this goal of conquering the world, as they knew

How Did The Persian Empire Grow Throughout The Achaemenid...
In order for something to grow, it needs roots. The roots will soon develop and continue to grow. In
relation to this statement, the Achaemenid Empire, in which lasted from 550–330 BC, began as
Cyrus II, otherwise known as Cyrus the Great, had continued to conquer lands and grow his empire.
By doing so, Cyrus II created the most extensive empire that has been dated throughout history.
However, in order for the empire to last, it needed to continue to develop in ways that would benefit
the livelihoods of the people. Based on this, the Achaemenid Empire prospered because the Persians
had created a stable government, in which organized the empire, contributing to the success of the
empire. Likewise, the Achaemenid Empire flourished due to its social class system, which
maintained order throughout the empire, along with the completion of tasks that needed to be
fulfilled in the empire. Furthermore, the Achaemenid Empire continued to thrive and prosper, due to
the myriad amounts of infrastructure that the Persians were able to create and utilize. The Persian
government needed to continually maintain stability throughout the empire, as the empire steadily
grew in populations and territory. This conveys how the Persian Empire grew in diversity. In order
to do so, Persian authority both created an official language and culture, and divided the Empire into
provinces, otherwise known as satrapies. The use of satrapies began during the rule of Darius I, who
established 20

Ap World History Essay
TAG Based Notes
TAG TOPIC Topic Explained– definitions, core ideas, connections, significance
Iranians, Medes, and Persians The people spread around western and central Asia were referred to as
Iranians because they spoke the same language and shared the same culture. They were the first to
achieve a complex level of political organization. The Persian rulers were called Achaemenids.
Cyrus, the son of a Persian chief and a median princess united the various Persian tribes. Early
Iranians had a patriarchal family organization. Society was divided into three social and
occupational classes.
Early Rulers and Conquests. Over the course of two decades, Cyrus redrew the map of western Asia.
He defeated the kingdoms of Lydia and all Anatolia, including the Greek city–states on the western
coast. After Cyrus came his son Cambyses. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of these workers may have been prisoners of war brought to the center of the empire to work
on construction projects, maintain and expand the irrigation network, and farm the royal estates. on
certain occasions the kings returned to one special place back in the homeland. Darius began
construction of a ceremonial capital at Persepolis (An artificial platform was erected, and on it were
built a series of palaces, audience halls, treasury buildings, and barracks.
Persepolis and the Vision of Empire Representatives of all the peoples of the empire–recognizable
by their distinctive hair, beards, dress, hats, and footwear– are depicted bringing gifts to the king. In
this exercise in what today we would call public relations or propaganda. Zoroastrianism– religion
originating in ancient Iran that became the official religion of the Achaemenids. It centered on a
single benevolent deity, Ahuramazda, who engaged in a struggle with demonic forces before
prevailing and restoring a pristine world.
Religious

Why Was Persepolis Important To The Persians
The establishment of the magnificent city of Persepolis was of great importance to Persia from 500
BCE to 330 BCE. This city, built by Darius was so important to the Persians because it was the
ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid empire, a sacred and symbolic region for the Persians and
also because it was dedicated to hold official audiences. Through an exploration of both primary and
secondary sources, the reason behind why the establishment of Persepolis is of such importance to
the Persians gas becomes much clearer.
Darius the great beginning construction in 518 BCE established Persepolis, the capital of ancient
Persia. The reasons to its establishment is still consider a mystery but what we do know is that it was
very important during ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ruled by darius and then xerxes it was considered the ceremonial capital of Persia. The
establishment of this capital further aided the Persians in ceremonies, trade and most importantly
gained respect of other countries in battle. Persepolis was the example of par excellence of the
dynasty. The first reason, which highlighted the importance, was the ceremonies. Celebrations
varied in sizes and all had different reasons. The most important ceremony that was celebrated is the
event 'Nowruz'. 'Nowruz' meaning new day, was the name of the Iranian New Year. This ceremony
created a majestic atmosphere for the Persians. This event celebrated the first day of spring or
Equinox at the beginning of the year in the Persian calendar. Nowruz is about the only tradition to
not resolve around a religious group. The establishment of Persepolis gave the Persians the
opportunity to celebrate as a whole. The second reason that highlighted the importance of the
establishment of Persepolis was the trade. The Achaemenid Empire was rich and luxurious. An
example of trade in Persepolis included darius revolutionising it by placing it on a silver and gold
coinage system and the popular trade items included orange, Shaw and turquoise. By establishing
Persepolis it enhanced trade in the Achaemenid Empire. The final reason that highlights the
importance of the establishment of Persepolis was their success in battle. Darius and xerxes were
highly successful in battle and there are still structures that depict the sister countries giving the
kings gifts. Some of these included lions from the elamites, brahma bull from the Babylonians and
even cloth from the Lydian bolts. Alexander involved Persepolis as a whole in the battle of the
Persian gate, which they weren't successful in which led to its destruction. Even due to this fact the
establishment of Persepolis was highly important to the

Achaemenid Empire Analysis
Relief of the northern stairs of the Apadana The relief was carved into the northern stairs of the
Apadana at Persepolis, the capital of the ancient Achaemenid empire, founded by king Darius. The
relief was sponsored by king Darius to show his absolute power. This artifact is significant because
it shows the bureaucracy of Achaemenid empire, suggests the king's absolute power and records the
tradition of proskynesis. First, the relief reflected the bureaucracy of Achaemenid empire. The relief
showed a local official contribute goods to the king. It indicated the complex tax contribute system
that was widely used in Achaemenid empire. The artifact also implied the centralized governing
system that was used by the king. The

Persepoils In Persia
The palace complex at Persepoils in Persia(Iran) The elaborate and exremly beautiful palace at
persepoils was found in 518BC by Darius I Hystaspes, or also known as Darius the Great the king of
Persia (522–486 BCE).the city that the palace was built in is the most important of the Achaemenid
Persian empire cities.Persepoils was built in the region of irregular terrian which is indead on top of
a large man made terrace which measured up to 455x300 meters and 900x1500 feet.The man made
terrace is located in the Farvardin plain which is the foot of kuh–Rahmat mountian.Unfortunately
Alexander III of Macedon also known as Alexander the great has defeated Darius with an army of
32,000 infantry and 5,100 cavalry.This is also the most visited archaeological ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
the tablet is so smalll the size of a lil nugget.whats great about this discovery is that not only did
they find one of these tablets but they have found tens of thousands of these nugget sized tablet.he
tablet is made out of clay,and they will use it to write to one another or some use it as diaries,this
means the source thats been provided is all primary because these tablets shows us us how they hav
lived and what they do and show us the wasy they think of things.This artefact has came the Persian
history which has came from Greek, Egyptian, and biblical sources,Their discovery was over 2000
boxes were shipped to the renowned University of Chicago's Oriental Institute for

How Did The Persian Kings Control And Govern The Various...
Griffin Bassman
Professor Frame
Ancient Near East History
12/5/14
How did the Persian kings control/govern the various parts of their realm? Consider at least three
different geographical areas
The origins of Cyrus the Great are rather unclear and highly disputed. Multiple accounts range from
him being the grandson of the Median King Astyages to being the son of a poor Persian family of a
disreputable clan. Although there can be no certainty, as with most everything from the ancient
world, it is widely believed that, by heredity, he became the sub–king of a Persian land called Persis,
under the rule of the Median king Astyages. (Cook 1983, 25–26) He quickly expanded his power by
unifying all of the Persian lands under ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After conquering Media, Babylonia, and Egypt, for instance, Cyrus The Great and Cambyses II
would make a personal union with the peoples of these countries. They would crown themselves
according to the local customs, and created normal conditions for the development of the economy
and transit trade. They retained, with moderate altercations, the local political structures in these
countries, and offered the peoples a large degree of local self–government. These first two kings
proved to have not created a very well structured empire, however, which led to the multiple
uprisings from 523–521 BCE. (Gershevitch 1985, 502 – 504) From there, Darius I, the King who
proceeded Cambyses II, found a more stable balance by putting in place a more organized
administrative system that would not undergo any fundamental changes up until the demise of the
Achaemenid Empire.
The system that Darius I put in place split the empire up into roughly twenty "satrapies" that would
be governed by "satraps." The satraps were responsible for collecting the annual tribute set by the
king, drafting people to the army, and maintaining justice and security within their satrapy. The
satraps would also have an armed force at their disposal to keep everybody within their satrapy in
line. (Gershevitch 1985, 267) Inspectors would also periodically visit each satrapy to

Ancient Persian Society Sample Answers Essay
Society
Kings Reigns
Cyrus: 560–530 BC
Darius: 522–486 BC
Xerxes: 486–465 BC
Artaxerxes: 465–425 BC
What was Susa?
Susa was originally the capital of Elam, located in a fertile agricultural area. Darius I is credited
with transforming the city into the administrative capital for the Persian kings. It was accessible to
Babylon, Ecbatana and the eastern parts of the empire.
Identify three Royal Palaces in this period
Susa, Pasargadae and Persepolis
Who or what was Bel Marduk?
Bel Marduk was the principal Babylonian God at the time of the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus the
Great. Bel Marduk is honored in Babylon for bringing order to the cosmos, creating humankind and
defending all other Gods against a usurper.
What is meant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As part of a feudal system, males workers were liable to recruitment into the kings army as foot
soldiers or the king's navy as rowers. They provided wealth and income for the king and the empire.
What was tribute?
The administrative costs of the empire were met by tribute. Most tribute sent to the treasuries of
Persia was in the form of manufactured goods and metals, especially silver and gold dust. It could
also be given in the form of produce, where the amount for each satrapy was worked out on the
basis of the cultivated land and its crop capacity each year. Tribute was collected by satraps and
provided as gifts to the great king.
Who or what was Pasargadae?
Pasargadae is the building site of Cyrus the Great where he created an expansive garden complex. It
suggests that an emerging significant feature of successful kingship was the ability to harness the
resources of the empire for impressive building achievements. The two main building structures at

this site are the Palace and the Apadana. Pasargadae also contains the Tomb of Cyrus.
Name THREE occupations in Persian society during this period
Stonemasons, Artisans, Miners
Name two activities of Persian kings
Commencing and completing grand building projects, Accompanying troops on campaigns to
expand the empire
Describe the organisation of Royal Treasuries
Royal treasuries were important for finance and storage of wealth. They were grand

Darius The Great Of The Empire
Darius I, also known as Darius the Great, was the third king who reigned from 550–486 BCE during
the Achaemenid Empire. While he lived, Darius held the empire at its peak, which stretched from
the river Nile and parts of Northern Greece to the Indus River Valley. One of the most major events
in Darius 's life was his expedition to discipline Athens and Eretria for their support in the Ionian
Revolt. He made his empire larger by vanquishing Thrace and Macedonia, and occupying Scythia.
He also arranged his empire, by splitting it into provinces and placing governors to rule over it.
Darius organized a new financial system, along with making Aramaic the official language of the
empire. He followed religious tolerance that created peace within the empire. Darius order the
carving of the cliff–face Behistun Inscription, an autobiography of great modern linguistic
significance. Darius was born as the eldest of five sons to a leading figure of power in Persia named
Hystaspes. Herodotus of Halicarnassus, author of The Histories, wrote that after a dream that
seemed to predict Darius' reign, King Cyrus became suspicious of the son of Hystaspes, who was
"about twenty at that time and had been left behind in Persia because he was too young for war
(Herodotus)". Herodotus adds that Cyrus sent back Hystaspes to control his son. A couple days late
and the king was killed in action against the Medes. Either Cyrus or his son and successor Cambyses
appointed Hystaspes as governor of

Alexander The Great Accomplishments
Alexander the Great has many historical accomplishments during his reign from 336BCE – 323
BCE. During his lifetime, Alexander has completed many long conquests and gained victory in vital
wars which impacted the growth of his kingdom. His accomplishments also set a guide for the
Hellenistic empire that followed in the region after his death. Alexander the Great, is the son of the
Macedonian King Philip II. After King Philip II was assassinated in 336 BCE, Alexander quickly
took the throne when he was only 20–year–old. Many Greeks revolted claiming that he was too
young to rule. As a result, Alexander rushed to get in power by finishing his rebels and uniting all
the Greek city–states under his rule. The city–states of Thebes were the most ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Alexander had appointed his father's experienced general Antipater as in command while he away
on his conquest, leaving him with 9,000 infantries and 1,500 cavalries to maintain control over
Macedonia's territories in Europe. During the spring of 334 BCE. One of the key battles fought in
his conquest was the Battle of Granicus River which occurred on May 334 BCE. It was fought near
the city of Troy and the first of three major battles that was fought between Alexander and the
Persian Empire. Alexander's army faced the Persians on the third day of May from Abydos.
Parmenion, the second in command of Alexander, suggested crossing the river upstream and
attacking at dawn the next day, but Alexander attacked immediately. This tactic caught the Persians
off guard. The Macedonian had special way of attacking. The phalanx tactic to attack consisted of a
line that was arrayed with the heavy combat soldiers in the middle, and cavalry on either side. The
Persians expected that the main assault would come from Alexander's position and moved units
from their center to that flank. The total casualties for the Greeks were between 300 and 400.
Likewise, the Persians had 1,000 cavalries and 3,000 infantry killed. After being victorious in the
battle, Alexander buried the Persian commanders and the Greek mercenaries who were killed
fighting on the side of the enemy. Alexander commanded his men to take all the surviving prisoners
and sent them away to

Greco-Persian Wars Research Paper
Greco–Persian Wars Basics The Greco–Persian War was between the Greeks (Athenians and
Spartans) and the Persians. The Persian Empire , or the Achaemenid Empire was first started by
Cyrus The Great. The leader of the Persians in this war was Cyrus's son King Darius I. The war
lasted from ~500 – 449 BCE, when the Persians finally got peace with the Greeks. The war started
from the Ionian Revolt. Ionia was a Greek city–state under the control of the Persians. Around ~500
BCE was when they revolted against the Persians, with the help of the Athenians and Eritreans. The
revolt lasted from about ~500 – ~492 BCE. The empire stretched from Egypt to India, all the way to
the coast of modern–day Turkey. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Persians were motivated by revenge, while the Greeks were motivated by just defeating this
bigger enemy. The Greek's motivation was a better thing to be motivated by the Persian's
motivation. The Battles In around 500 BCE, Ionia (Under Persian control) rebels against the
Persians, with the help of the Athenians and the Eritreans. In 492 BCE, Darius I sent a fleet to get
revenge on the Athenians, the fleet went up the Aegean Sea and got to the Xerxes Canal (green
route). By the time the fleet passes by Xerxes Canal, there's a storm that threw the fleet of course
and destroyed it. He makes another attempt in 490 BCE on the Athenians, his fleet travel right past
Naxos and stops at Marathon (brown route). Unfortunately, the Persians lose against the Athenians
again, but they do get control over Eritrea. This battle was really the first battle of the War. In 486
BCE, Darius I died, and his son Xerxes takes over. In 480 BCE, Xerxes sends an army to get back at
the Athenians. This time he has two armies, one traveling by land, and the other traveling by sea.
The armies travel by the coast of Thrace and Macedonia (magenta route). There were over 100,000
soldiers traveling by land,

Cyrus The Great Essay

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Cyrus The Great Essay