Faster Java EE Builds with Gradle
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Presentation given at ConFoo 2017 covering Gradle and Java EE. Includes recipes for working with Docker, Arquillian, Node.js (and WebPack), etc.
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Faster Java EE Builds with Gradle
- 1. Faster Java EE Builds with Gradle RYAN CUPRAK
- 2. About Ryan Cuprak @ctjava rcuprak@gmail.com http://www.cuprak.info https://www.linkedin.com/in/rcuprak
- 3. Introducing Gradle • Open source build automation system • Apache 2.0 License • Builds upon Apache Ant and Maven • First released in 2007 • Uses a Groovy-based DSL (not XML) • Uses directed acyclic graph to determine build order • Supports multiple languages: Java, C++, C, etc. • Rich plug-in architecture • Convention over configuration but easily customized/adapted
- 4. Introducing Gradle • Build file can be versioned like dependencies. Ever run Ant 1.9 file with Ant 1.6? • Background daemon reduces build-time • Supports incremental builds • Built-in profiling support • Build projects in parallel and some tasks* • Built-in Ant/Maven integration • Supported central repositories: • Maven Central • Jcenter • Ivy
- 6. Gradle versus Maven Feature Gradle Maven Fully configurable DAG ✅ ❌ Task Exclusion ✅ ❌ Dry Run ✅ ❌ Advanced Task Ordering ✅ ❌ Custom Distributions ✅ ❌ Repository Aware Cache ✅ ❌ Version Conflict Resolution ✅ ❌ File Based Dependencies ✅ ❌ Finalizers ✅ ❌ Custom Dependency Scopes ✅ ❌ ReplaceByRules ✅ ❌ https://gradle.org/maven-vs-gradle
- 7. Why Gradle?
- 8. Questions 1. Do you need to learn Groovy? No (Good idea) 2. Do you need to completely refactor your code base? No 3. Do you need additional IDE plugins? Maybe 4. Do you need to change your build process? Depends 5. Do you need to port your entire build system over? No – can port over individual modules 6. Can you embed custom Ant logic? Yes
- 9. Questions… 7. Must all dependencies originate from a repository? No 8. Can artifacts be pushed to a repository? Yes 9. Can Jenkins initiate Gradle builds? Yes
- 10. Why Gradle for Java EE? Java EE projects are: Large Complex Contain many dependencies Ant lacks dependency management Large Ant files are a nightmare to debug Maven isn’t flexible Custom plugins aren’t the solution Evolving slowly
- 11. Installation Installation similar to Ant/Maven Download and install from gradle.org Set environment variables: GRADLE_HOME PATH (to GRADLE_HOME/bin) gradle = ant = mvn
- 12. Key Gradle Files Build file build.gradle Configuration settings settings.gradle Local settings ~/.gradle/gradle.properties Local repository (project)/.gradle build.gradle = pom.xml = build.xml
- 13. Gradle Daemon Gradle daemon is enabled by default (Disable for continuous build environments!) Displaying status gradle –status Stopping daemon: gradle –stop Disabling daemon: Add org.gradle.daemon=false to ~/.gradle
- 14. Project Creation To start a new project: gradle init – creates a new project Uses pom.xml if present. Imports multi-model projects Optionally specify –type <type> java-library scala-library groovy-library basic (default) – no src directories created. Central repository defaults to jcenter() https://bintray.com/bintray/jcenter
- 15. Project Creation… gradle init --type java-library Default Project Layout src main resources test java resources build.gradle settings.gradle java project
- 17. Command line – listing tasks gradle –q tasks ------------------------------------------------------------ All tasks runnable from root project ------------------------------------------------------------ Build tasks ----------- assemble - Assembles the outputs of this project. build - Assembles and tests this project. buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it. buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on. classes - Assembles classes 'main'. clean - Deletes the build directory. jar - Assembles a jar archive containing the main classes. testClasses - Assembles classes 'test'.
- 18. Tasks Continued… Build Setup tasks ----------------- init - Initializes a new Gradle build. [incubating] wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files. [incubating] Documentation tasks ------------------- javadoc - Generates Javadoc API documentation for the main source code.
- 19. Tasks Continue… Help tasks ---------- components - Displays the components produced by root project 'scratch'. [incubating] dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'scratch'. dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'scratch'. help - Displays a help message. model - Displays the configuration model of root project 'scratch'. [incubating] projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'scratch'. properties - Displays the properties of root project 'scratch'. tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'scratch'. Verification tasks ------------------ check - Runs all checks. test - Runs the unit tests.
- 21. Projects versus Tasks Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Task 1 Task 3 Task 2 Depends on Task 1 Task 2 Depends on Task 1 Task 3 Task 2 Depends on Task 3 Depends on
- 22. Understanding build.gradle org.gradle.api.Project apply(options: Map<String,?>) buildscript(config: Closure) dependencies(config: Closure) configurations(config: Closure) getDependencies() getConfigurations() getAnt() getName() getDescription() getGroup() getPath() getVersion() getLogger() setDescription(description: String) setVersion(version: Object) file(path: Object) task(args: Map<String,?>,name: String) Project is an implicit object. Project.apply plugin: ‘java
- 23. Understanding Gradle Tasks org.gradle.api.Task dependsOn(tasks: Object…) doFirst(action: Closure) doLast(action: Closure) getActions() getInputs() getOutputs() getAnt() getDescription() getEnabled() getGroup() setDescription(description: String) setEnabled(enabled: boolean) setGroup(group: String) Tasks are built on the Task object.
- 24. Defining Tasks
- 26. Grouping Tasks
- 28. Plugins Plugin ID Automatically Applies Works With Description java java-base Java compilation/testing application java,distribution ear java Java EE Support maven java,war Maven publishing war java Assembles WAR files java-library- distribution java, distribution Support for tar/zip distributions for Java library. idea java Generates IDEA files eclipse java,groovy, scala Generates Eclipse files Standard: https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/standard_plugins.html Third party: https://plugins.gradle.org
- 31. Hierarchical Layout: Example Project ctjava build.gradle settings.gradle ctcore build.gradle settings.gradle ctweb build.gradle settings.gradle migrate build.gradle settings.gradle
- 32. Hierarchical Layout: Top Level build.gradle gradle.settings ctjava
- 33. Hierarchical Layout: Second Level gradle.settings for ctcore/migrate/ctweb: rootProject.name = 'ctjava’ migrate/ctweb dependencies on ctcore compile project (':ctcore’)
- 34. IDE Support
- 35. IDE Support IDE Separate Plugin Java EE Support IDEA (free) No Yes IDEA (paid) No Yes NetBeans Yes Depends Eclipse Yes Yes
- 36. Eclipse Gradle Support http://download.eclipse.org/buildship/updates/e46/r eleases/1.0
- 37. NetBeans Gradle Support Multi-project Java EE projects not recognized.
- 38. IntelliJ Support
- 39. Legacy Project
- 40. NetBeans EE Project to Gradle File System Project Representation
- 41. NetBeans EE Project to Gradle Java Source directories WAR Plugin Local JARs
- 42. NetBeans EE Project to Gradle Web resource directory Java EE Dependencies Local JAR Continued…
- 43. WAR Plugin Configuration Configuration Description from Adds a file-set to the root of the archive webInf Adds a file-set to the WEB-INF dir. classpath Adds a file-set to the WEB-INF/lib dir webAppDirName The name of the web application source directory, relative to the project directory. webXml Copies a file to WEB-INF/web.xml
- 44. Recipes
- 45. JavaScript Minification Minification Output Google Minifier
- 46. JavaScript Minification… Extend JavaExec Task to invoke Minifier
- 48. Node/Webpack Integration Node Gradle Plugin https://github.com/srs/gradle-node-plugin Supports: NodeJS, Yarn, Grunt, Gulp
- 49. Generating JPA Meta-Model Create custom plugin to run Java Annotation Processor: implementation-class=JavaAptPlugin
- 50. Custom Annotation Processor Custom annotation processor
- 51. Custom Annotation Processor Custom annotation processor
- 52. Custom Annotation Processor: Build Plugin Exclude everything but JPA entities Custom annotation processor
- 53. EAR Projects Project Output Contents of EAR
- 55. Provided Scope – Non-WAR Projects • providedCompile is a configuration on WAR plugin. • Non-WAR projects must add a custom scope.
- 57. Generating JAX-WS Client Generate JAX-WS client for WSDL using wsimport Plugin: https://plugins.gradle.org/plugin/me.seeber.wsimport Generated source code: build/generated-src/wsimport
- 59. Generating JAX-WS Client Generated Source Code
- 60. Docker Build Docker images from project output: Transmode/gradle-docker - http://tinyurl.com/k7o7nab Build/publish docker files from build script – not Dockerfile bmuschko/gradle-docker-plugin - http://tinyurl.com/hg4q6jr docker-remote-api – interacts with Docker via remote API docker-java-application – creates/pushes docker images for java applications Run Docker containers during build palantir/gradle-docker - http://tinyurl.com/hpw853h docker – building and pushing docker images docker-compose - populating placeholders in a docker-compose template docker-run – starting/stopping/status on named images
- 62. Simple Docker Example – Run Container Available Tasks: • dockerRun • dockerStop • dockerRunStatus • dockerRemoveContainer
- 63. Docker & Testing Launch PostgreSQL Docker container before unit tests execute Test cleanup: Leave container running if any tests fail Destroy container if tests succeed
- 64. Docker & Testing
- 69. Misc View Dependencies: gradle -q ctweb:dependencies Build GUI: gradle –gui Profiling: gradle –profile Dryrun gradle –m build
- 70. Reasons to Convert Incremental compilation Better dependency management/control Customizable without needing plugins Supports multiple languages/platforms Build system can be versioned
- 71. Q&A