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1. TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE – THE INVENTION
Slide 1: Hello everyone. Today, I am very happy to be here to present about the invention of
telephone and telegraph. This is an interesting topic. Nowadays, almost everyone here has a mobile
phone, which is the descendant of telephone. Imagine that telephone do not exist, how can we
live?? Thus, I am extremely grateful to the telephone as well as telephone’s inventors. Now, let
me move forward to the content.
Slide 2: This is the outline of my presentation. First, I am going to give you the brief history of the
communication systems. And then I am going to add more detail about the invention as well as the
impact of telegraph and telephone.
Slide 3: This is the brief history of the communication system. From the invention of the printing
press (invented in 1400) up to the birth of the internet (in 1983). As we can see, the invention of
telegraph and telephone has created the basis for the next great inventions such as radio,
computer…
PART A: TELEGRAPH
Slide 4: The definition of telegraph. Telegraph is a Greek word. tele- means "afar, far off" and
graphein- means "writing". ▶ Telegraph is an instrument that transmits the writings to a distant
place.
Slide 5: Before the invention of telegraph, there were the signaling systems that people could
communicate over the long distance.

2. The signaling systems were called “semaphore” which they used flags or lights. In this
system, there was the observer who decoded a signal from a high tower and then sent it to the next
station.
Moreover, as shown in the slide 3, we can see that before the invention of telegraph, there
were the printing press and typewriter.
In fact, the printing press was one of the most important innovation in communications
until the telegraph was invented.
Slide 6: In 1832, when Samuel F.B. Morse was in a ship returning from Europe, he accidentally
had an idea of using electricity to communicate over distance. Because in this ship, many
passengers discussed about the electromagnet which was recently invented. After Morse entirely
understood how the electromagnet worked, he realized that sending a code-message via a wire
might be possible.
However, Morse found that this were difficult. Thus, he asked his friend, Leonard D. Gale
in order that he could follow his idea.
Slide 7: This slide is about the obstacles and opportunities in the process of the invention.
In 1837, because of the Panic which caused a long depression, Morse could not introduce his new
system although he had enough confidence to do that.
However, Morse used this time to travel to Europe not only to register a patent for his
invention but also to examine the English telegraph systems. He felt very confident because even
though his main competitor had created an ingenious mechanism, Morse’s telegraph was more
efficient and easier to use.

3. Fortunately, in 1843, the economic was recovering, Morse again asked the Congress for
the cash of $30,000 in order to build the underground telegraph line from Washington to Baltimore.
Morse hired the great construction engineer, Ezra Cornell to lay the pipe which carried the
wire. However, because of the wire was defective insulation, Cornell suggested stringing wires
overhead on trees. Morse approved of this great idea. Finally, the line was completed.
Slide 8: On May 24, 1844, the first message, “What hath God wrought?” was sent by the telegraph.
Henry’s experiments, Gale’s assistance, and hiring the young construction engineer were keys to
Morse’s success.
Slide 9: The telegraph’s working principles:
 The first telegraph system used an automatic sender which consisted of a plate and a long
but short bars.
 These represent the Morse code equivalent of the alphabet as well as the number.
 The operator slides a pointer which is connected to a battery and the sending wire across
the bars. The appropriate dots and dashes are immediately sent over this line.
 The receiver uses an electromagnet with a stylus on the end of an arm. This stylus will
make an impression or tiny dent in a paper tape with the help of spring and coil. The tape
then move out according to the tape’s movement direction.
Slide 10: The process of development:
At first, the telegraph system progressed slowly and the system could not work for the
entire country. Thus, Morse continually tried to improve the telegraph system as well as to extend
the telegraph line. Fortunately, other companies began to open their own systems, the telegraph
system began to develop.

4. In 1914, automatic transmission was developed instead of trained code users that were used
in the first telegraph to transmit the telegraph messages. This development in transmission made
the message transmission much faster than the old way.
At that time, all long distance communication depended strongly on the telegraph.
However, when the telephone and radio were invented, the telegraph were less develop than that
in first haft of 1990s.
Slide 11: The effect of the telegraph’s invention:
As noticed in the slide 3, the brief history of communication, the communication in 1830s
was like the time when the printing press was invented. Imagine that when you want to send a
letter from here to U.S., it takes weeks or even years for the postman to send this letter. However,
because of the great inventor, Morse, telegraph was formed. It made the world become much
smaller. With telegraph, it just takes some minutes to send a letter from one location to a distance
place.
In addition, the telegraph’s invention has the geographical effect. Prior to the telegraph, the
geography is the biggest barrier which constrained the business as well as politics. There was
limited knowledge of national and international news. The international news were not updated.
Fortunately, with the invention of telegraph, the distance cannot constrained the information
anymore.
Moreover, the telegraph also contribute to the establishment of world peace by erasing the
national–rivalries.

5. PART B: TELEPHONE
Slide 12: The definition: Telephone is a Greek word. tele- means “afar, far off ” and -phone means
“sound, voice” ▶ Telephone is an instrument that transmits sound, voice to a distant place.
Slide 13:
Before the invention of telephone, there was telegraph which is telephone’s precedent.
In the early 1870s, while Alexander Graham Bell was experimenting with telegraph, he
realized that transmission the human voice over a wire by using electricity might be possible.
Because he lacked the skill to make the equipment that were necessary for the experiments,
he asked Thomas A. Watson for assistance.
Slide 14:
Bell and Watson worked together on the experience which tried to produce sounds over
the “harmonic telegraph”.
On June 2, 1875, Bell heard the sound coming to him over the wire.
After much tinkering, the instrument successfully transmitted the recognizable voice
sound, but not words.
Thus, Bell and Watson spent the whole summer to experiment.
On March 7, 1876, the patent for telephone was issued to him.
At 109 Court Street, Boston, the first understandable sentence was carried by the telephone.

6. Slide 15: The working principle of telephone:
 The speedy conversion from acoustic to electric energy: when a person speaks into
the telephone mouthpiece, the acoustic vibration from his speech pushes the
metallic coating slightly closer to the electrode, it creates the vibration in voltage.
 Then, the electric pulses are transmitted through a wire from the speaker to the
listener, where the electric pulses are converted to acoustic energy again.
Slide 16 and slide 17: some pictures of the development of telephone.
The first telephone => the next smaller telephones => the car-telephones => the first mobile
phone…
Slide 18:
At first, the telephone was extremely hard for anyone to afford because of its price. Only
the rich could afford for telephone. Thus, Bell tried to reduce the cost of producing telephone in
order that the poorest could have a telephone, too. Telephone’s invention contributed to the
development of city centers and buildings.
With the invention of telephone, some jobs such as messenger boys, telegraphers, and
operators suddenly became unnecessary.
In addition, the world became much smaller and more accessible to all business because of
the telephone. The telephone helped people to keep close bond with their families and
communities.

7. Slide 19: The Expansion of Telephone:
Some specific years about the expansion of telephone:
1877 – The Beginning: in May 1877, there were only six telephones but only 7 months
later, in November 1877, this number grew to 3000 units.
1878 – Local Expansion.
1879 – Nationwide Expansion: The demand for telephone were very high.
1881 – Manufacturing: Telephone growth were 1300,000 units.
In 1885, American Telegraph and Telephone Company (AT&T) was formed.
As you can see in the table, the growth of telephone was extremely fast. (By 1900 there
were nearly 600,000 phones in Bell's telephone system; that number raised to 2.2 million phones
by 1905, and 5.8 million by 1910). (30 millionth phone was connected in the U.S. by 1984, by the
1960s, there were more than 80 million phone in the U.S. and 160 million in the world).
Slide 20: Nowadays, telephone becomes an indispensable thing in our life. With the invention of
telephone, the world rapidly becomes much smaller. Telephone is a valuable tool for journalists.
People are brought together, thus, loneliness is decreasing and new communities are building.
The invention of telephone also increases privacy in many ways. It allows people to
exchange information without writing. Moreover, telephone helps people to connect very fast
regardless to their distance.

8. Slide 21: Today, telephone industry is one of the most developed industry. Today, telephone is the
combination of the music player, camera, pager, projector, television … because you can used the
smartphone to message, listen to music, check mail, take the picture, read news and so on. Today
telephone has the in-built projector, 3D screens and holograms.
Slide 22: The information in my presentation is based on the sources from these websites.
Slide 23: Thank you very much for you attention!