Environmental Pollution - Grade 8 CBSE

1. Environmental Pollution

2. Objectives:-
To learn about four types of
pollution(Air, Water, Noise
and Soil Pollution).
To learn about the reasons
behind it.
To learn how to rescue it.

3. Introduction:-
In the previous class we learnt about the importance
of air and water. We know that no living beings can
survive without air and water. In this class we’ll
learn about the pollution of air and water and the
reasons behind it. Pollution is the introduction
of contaminants into the natural environment
that cause adverse change.

4. Air pollution
Air pollution is the introduction
of particulates, biological molecules, or other
harmful materials into the Earth's atmosphere,
possibly causing disease, death to humans,
damage to other living organisms such as food
crops, or the natural or built environment.
The atmosphere is a complex natural gaseous
system that is essential to support life on
planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due
to air pollution has been recognized as a threat
to human health as well as to the Earth's
ecosystems.

5. •Conserve energy – remember to turn off lights,
computers, and electric appliances when not in use.
•Use energy efficient light bulbs and appliances.
•Participate in your local utility’s energy conservation
programs.
•Limit driving by carpooling, using public
transportation, biking and walking.
•Combine errands for fewer trips.
•Keep your automobile well tuned and maintained.
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions on routine
maintenance, such as changing the oil and filters, and
checking tire pressure and wheel alignment.
•Avoid excessive idling of your automobile.
•Use electric or hand-powered lawn care equipment.
•Be careful not to spill gasoline when filling up your car
or gasoline powered lawn and garden equipment.
Methods of Prevention and Control of
Air Pollution

7. Water Pollution
Water pollution is the contamination
of water bodies (e.g. lakes,
rivers, oceans, and groundwater). Water pollution
occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly
discharged into water bodies without
adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in
these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is
damaging not only to individual species and
populations, but also to the natural biological
communities.

8. • Never throw rubbish away anyhow. Always look for the
correct waste bin. If there is none around, please take it
home and put it in your trash can. This includes places like
the beach, riverside and water bodies.
• Use water wisely. Do not keep the tap running when not in
use. Also, you can reduce the amount of water you use in
washing and bathing. If we all do this, we can significantly
prevent water shortages and reduce the amount of dirty
water that needs treatment.
• Do not throw chemicals, oils, paints and medicines down
the sink drain, or the toilet. In many cities, your local
environment office can help with the disposal of medicines
and chemicals. Check with your local authorities if there is a
chemical disposal plan for local residents.
Some Methods to Prevent Water Pollution

9. Water Pollution

10. Noise pollution or noise disturbance is the disturbing
or excessive noise that may harm the activity or balance of
human or animal life. The source of most outdoor noise
worldwide is mainly caused by machines and transportation
systems, motor vehicles, aircraft, and trains. Outdoor noise
is summarized by the word environmental noise. Poor urban
planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side
industrial and residential buildings can result in noise
pollution in the residential areas.
Indoor noise can be caused by machines, building activities,
and music performances, especially in some workplaces.
Noise Pollution

11. Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by
outside (e.g. trains) or inside (e.g. music) noise.
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular
effects in humans, a rise in blood pressure, and an
increase in stress and vasoconstriction, and an
increased incidence of coronary artery disease. In
animals, noise can increase the risk of death by
altering predator or prey detection and avoidance,
interfere with reproduction and navigation, and
contribute to permanent hearing loss.

12. Noise Pollution

13. Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the
presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other
alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused
by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper
disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved are
petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(such as naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene), solvents,
pesticides, lead, and other heavy metals. Contamination is
correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of
chemical usage.
The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from
health risks, from direct contact with the contaminated soil,
vapors from the contaminants, and from secondary
contamination of water supplies within and underlying the soil.
Soil Pollution

14. Mapping of contaminated soil sites and the resulting
cleanup are time consuming and expensive tasks, requiring
extensive amounts
of geology, hydrology, chemistry, computer modeling skills,
and GIS in Environmental Contamination, as well as an
appreciation of the history of industrial chemistry.
In North America and Western Europe that the extent of
contaminated land is best known, with many of countries in
these areas having a legal framework to identify and deal
with this environmental problem. Developing countries tend
to be less tightly regulated despite some of them having
undergone significant industrialization.

16. N O I T U L L O P
A R I W S A N Z F
T R I A I T W R E
U N A T U R A L E
R H W E T H R J K
E I F R T O I G A
S O I L E S I O N
M O L E C U L E S
1. Pollution
2.Air
3.Water
4.Nature
5. Molecules
6.Natural
7. Noise
8.Soil
Word Puzzle

17. Done by :- Zaman Karim