In the subject of cryptography, what policy or organizational challenges might impede or prevent the deployment of a worldwide universal Public-Key Infrastructure? Solution Below challenges may present the deployment of Universal PKI : 1. Token Logistics: There are many advantages of implementing PKI on a hardware token, such as a smart card. These include security, portability and ease of use to add other user specific applications and visual information. However, the logistics of managing security tokens requires a considerable effort and cost to a Public-Key Infrastructure implementation. 2. Network Issues: The implementation of PKI will surely add to the network load. The potential additional traffic that should be considered are: i. Certificate issuance ii. Email Usage iii. Directory Replication. 3. Network Issues - Encryption: Usually the organisations implement anti-virus software and on regular basis perform inspection on servers at the perimeter of their networks. Some organizations has security policies that rejects or quarantines encrypted traffic. To provide user-to-user confidentiality, the messages will traverse networks with their payload hidden from inspection by virus and content checking. Possible solutions include: · Performing virus & content checking at the client machine. · Storing user confidentiality private keys on a secure key server. · Co-encrypting messages to a Gateway which then decrypts and checks the message before it is delivered. 4. Email Address in Certificate: Usually employees change their email addresses more frequently than the certificate. Until unless a solution is built which allows the employees to keep the same email address for a long period, certificates would have to be re-issued every time an employee changes their email address. 5. Availability and storage of reliable user information 6. Certificate Validity Checking 7. PIN management: smart Card PIN management may cause some problem to the employees..

1. In the subject of cryptography, what policy or organizational challenges might impede or prevent
the deployment of a worldwide universal Public-Key Infrastructure?
Solution
Below challenges may present the deployment of Universal PKI :
1. Token Logistics:
There are many advantages of implementing PKI on a hardware token, such as a
smart card. These include security, portability and ease of use to add
other user specific applications and visual information.
However, the logistics of managing security tokens requires a considerable effort and cost
to a Public-Key Infrastructure implementation.
2. Network Issues:
The implementation of PKI will surely add to the network load. The potential additional traffic
that should be
considered are:
i. Certificate issuance
ii. Email Usage
iii. Directory Replication.
3. Network Issues - Encryption:
Usually the organisations implement anti-virus software and on regular basis perform inspection
on servers at
the perimeter of their networks. Some organizations has security policies that rejects or
quarantines
encrypted traffic.
To provide user-to-user confidentiality, the messages will traverse networks with their payload
hidden from inspection by virus and content checking.
Possible solutions include:
· Performing virus & content checking at the client machine.
· Storing user confidentiality private keys on a secure key server.
· Co-encrypting messages to a Gateway which then decrypts and checks the message before it is
delivered.
4. Email Address in Certificate:

2. Usually employees change their email addresses more frequently than the certificate. Until
unless a solution is built which allows the employees to keep the same email
address for a long period, certificates would have to be re-issued every time an employee
changes their email address.
5. Availability and storage of reliable user information
6. Certificate Validity Checking
7. PIN management:
smart Card PIN management may cause some problem to the employees.