Grasp concept on health from public health perspective. Its not only easy to understand but also to memorize for undergraduates and non medical individual who, have interest to know health.

1. he104;health science
[content1,class1]
by: rafia Rahman
Asst.prof,IHE-du

2. concept of health 1. WHO definition of Health
2. Positive health
3. Changing concept of health
4. Health-sickness spectrum
5. Concept of well being
6. Component of well being
Objective;
i. To understand health from public
health perspective.
ii. To conceptualized the reciprocation
among health, components of health
and component of well being.
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3. Concept of Health
Traditionally health has been considered as an absence of the
diseases and if someone was free from disease, then that
person was considered healthy.
The concept of health has evolved over the centuries as a
concept from an individual concern to a world wide social goal.
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4. Definition of health
Oxford dictionary1, Webster2, Perkins3, Nightingale4.
1. State of being well in body and mind.
2. The condition of being sound in mind or sprit especially
freedom from physical disease or pain body,.
3. A state of relative equilibrium of body, from and function
which result from its successful dynamic adjustment to forces
tending to disturb it. It is not passive interplay between body
substance and forces impinging upon it but can active
response of body forces working towards readjustment.
4. Nightingale defined health as a state of being well and using
every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent
World Health Organization (WHO)
“Health is a state of complete
physical, mental and social wellbeing
and not merely an absence of
disease or infirmity.” (1948)
now added “the ability to lead a
socially and economically productive
life.” (1984)
The concept of health as defined
by WHO is broad and positive in its
implications; it sets out the
standard, the standard of
“positive” health.
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5. According to WHO;
Health is a state of complete
physical, mental, social and
spiritual well being and not
merely an absence of disease
or infirmity. So that each citizen
can lead socially and
economically productive life.
Health
Body
Spirit
Fitness
Mind
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6. 1. Physical; the state of perfect functioning of body
or state in which every cell and every organ is
functioning at optimum capacity and in perfect
harmony with rest of the body.
2. Mental health; is a state of balance between
individual and surrounding.
Distinction between mental and physical health
is artificial.
Component of health as per WHO definition
Physical Mental
Social Spiritual
Health
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7. Cont…..
3. Social; it includes social relationships as part of
broader concept of health.
 It has two elenents -i. individual, ii. societal.
 The less isolated, the greater the sense of control and
empowerment and the more socially integrated an
individual is less suffer from a range of physical and
mental disorder.
 The Regional framework for health promotion in the
Western Pacific Region 2002-05 stresses the role of social
capital in health promotion.
 Social capital; trust, social interaction and social connections. Individual social health situation, as a component of health
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8. Cont………………..
4. Spiritual;
“We are not human beings having a spiritual
experience. We are spiritual beings having a human
experience” [Teihard de chardin]
• Spiritual health represents a balance.
• Religious care: helping people maintain faithfulness to
their belief system and worship practices
• Spiritual care: helping people identify meaning and
purpose in life, look beyond the present, and maintain
personal relations as well as a relationship with a higher
being or life force
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9. Some definitions(concept of Spiritual health)
Spirituality: complex, unique to the individual
Spiritual well-being: an interconnectedness
between God or a higher power and other
people
Faith: several definitions
Religion: associated with a specific system of
practice associated with a denomination, sect,
or form of worship
Hope: gives an individual a motivation and the
resources to achieve
A Model of Faith and Health
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10. Criticism of WHO definition of Health
1. Too broad
2. Can not be define as a “state” at all
3. Must be seen as a process of continuous adjustment to the changing
demands of living and of the changing meaning give to life
4. A dynamic concept
5. It help people live well, work well and enjoy themselves.
6. Some consider it irrelevant to everyday demands, as nobody qualifies as
healthy [perfect biological, psychological and social functioning]
Last, if we accept the WHO definition, we are all sick.
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11. New philosophy of health
Health is;
1. Fundamental human right
2. Essence of productive life
3. Inter-sectoral
4. Integral part of development
5. Central to quality of life
6. Involves individuals, state and international responsibility
7. Its maintenance is major social investment
8. World-wide social goal correspondence; rafia643645@gmail.com 11

12. Positive Health
When every cell and every organ is functioning at
optimum capacity and in perfect harmony with the rest of
the body biologically, simultaneously an individual feels
a sense of perfect well-being and mastery over his/her
environment psychologically and the capacities for
participation in the social system are optimal socially
that state of an individual is positive health.
So, positive health is “perfect functioning” of the body
and mind.
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13. Cont……. (characteristics)
i. It describes a state beyond the mere absence of disease
ii. Operationalized by a combination of excellent status on biological, subjective
and functional measures
iii. It predicts increase longevity (correcting for quality of life), decreased health
costs, better mental health in aging and better prognosis when illness strikes.
iv. Health described as a potentiality the ability of an individual or a social group
to modify him/her self continually in the face of changing condition of life.
v. Positive health depends not only on medical action but also on all other
economic, cultural and social factors operating in the community.
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16. SPECTRUM OF HEALTH
This concept of health emphasizes that health of an individual is a dynamic
phenomenon and a process of continuous change, subject to repeated, fine
variations.
Transition from optimum health to ill health is often gradual, and where one
state ends and other begins is a matter of judgment.
Different stages are; positive health, better health, freedom from sickness,
unrecognized sickness, mild sickness, severe sickness, and death.
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19. Changing concept of
health

20. Changing concept of health
Health is evolved over the centuries as a concept from individual concern
to world wide social goal and encompasses the whole quality of life.
Changing concept of health till now are;
1.Biomedical concept
2.Ecological concept
3. Psychological concept
4. Holistic concept
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21. Cont…
Biomedical concept: traditionally if an individual is free from
disease considered health. The basic concept of health is
“absence of disease”.
this concept has the basis in the “germ theory of disease”.
Here,
 Human body is consider as a machine
 Disease is consequence of break down
 Doctor’s/physicians/service providers task is repair of
machine
Limitation of biomedical concept is, it minimized the role of
environment, social, psychological and cultural determinants
of health.
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22. Cont…
Ecological concept; here,
health is viewed as a dynamic equilibrium between
human being and environment, and disease a
maladjustment of the human organism to
environment.
According to Dubos “ Health implies the relative
absence of pain and discomfort and a continuous
adaptation and adjustment to the environment to
ensure optimal health.
It raises two issues; i. imperfect man, ii. imperfect
environment.
This concept address the need for clean air,safe
water, ozonic layer in the atmosphere, relationship
etc.
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23. Cont….
Psychological concept
Advance in social sciences showed
that health is not only a biomedical,
ecological phenomenon but
influenced by social, psychological,
cultural, economic and political
factors that people concerned.
It recognizes the strength of social,
economic, political and environmental
influences on health
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24. Cont………
Holistic Concept;
It describe health as a unified or multidimensional
process involving the wellbeing of whole person in
context of his/her environment.
Characteristic-
i. This concept is the synthesis of biomedical,
ecological and psychological concept of
health
ii. The emphasis is on the promotion and
protection of health
iii. It implies all sectors of society have an effect
on health
Holistic bio-psycho-social-spiritual framework of healing
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25. CHANGING CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
1. Biomedical Concept: Health means “absence of disease. "It was felt that human body is a machine
and disease is an outcome of the breakdown of the machine, and one of the doctor’s tasks was to
repair the machine. Developments in medical and social sciences led to the conclusion that the
biomedical concept of health was inadequate.
2. Ecological Concept: Ecologists viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his
environment, and disease – a maladjustment of the human organism to environment.
3. Psychosocial Concept: Advances in social sciences showed that health is not only a biomedical
phenomenon, but one which is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political
factors of the people concerned. Thus health is both a biological and social phenomenon.
4. Holistic Concept: Holistic concept recognizes the strength of social, economic, political and
environmental influences on health. It has been variously described as multidimensional process
involving the wellbeing of the person as a whole .The emphasis is on the promotion and protection of
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28. Health sickness
spectrum

29. Health sickness spectrum diagram
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31. Well-being; introduction
Health, wellness, and well-being have many definitions and
interpretations.
The healthcare providers familiar with the most common
aspects of the concepts and consider how they may be
individualized with specific clients.
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32. Wellness
Wellness further describes health status. It allows health to be placed on a continuum
from one’s optimal level (“wellness”) to a maladaptive state (“illness”)
Wellness is a dynamic process that is ever changing. The well person usually has
some degree of illness and the ill person usually has some degree of wellness.
The classic description of wellness was developed by Dunn in the early 1960s.
According to Dunn (1961), high-level wellness means functioning to one’s maximum
health potential while remaining in balance with the environment.
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33. Wellbeing
"Well-being is a subjective perception of vitality (energy) and
feeling well.....can be described objectively, experienced,
and measured......and can be plotted ( design) on a
continuum". It is a component of health.
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34. Components of wellbeing
Objective components ; i. Standard of living, ii level of living
i. Standard of living; Refers to the usual scale of our expenditure, the goods we consume and the
service we enjoy. It includes the level of education, employment status, food, dress, house,
amusement and comforts of modern living.
. As per WHO, “Income and occupation, standards of housing, sanitation and nutrition, the level of
provision of health, educational, recreational and other service.
ii level of living
 As per United Nations documents “level of living” consists of nine components: health, food
consumption, education, occupation and working conditions, housing, social security, clothing,
recreation and leisure, and human rights.
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35. Cont……
Subjective component; Quality of life
Quality of life as defined by WHO, “The condition of life
resulting from combination of the effects of the complete
range of factors such as those determining health, happiness ,
education, social and intellectual attainments, freedom of
action, justice and freedom of expression.
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Cont……

37. Health indicator
• Indicators should be valid, reliable and objective, sensitive, specific, feasible and
relevant.
• The indicators are:
1. Morbidity indicators
2. Disability rates
3. Nutritional status indicator
4. Health care delivery indicators
5. Utilization rates
6. Indicators of social and mental health
7. Environmental indicators
8. Socioeconomic indicators
9. Health policy indicators
10. Indicators of quality of life
11. Other indicators
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38. End of content,1
questions for common grasp
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