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PODWODNE SIECI
ŚWIATŁOWODOWE
DARIUSZ WICHNIEWICZ – ORANGE
MICHAŁ MAŁYSZKO - EQUINIX
KIEDY POŁOŻONO
PIERWSZY
PODMORSKI KABEL?
1850
(+1)
A JUŻ W 1858…
POLITYKA, WOJSKO,
BRYTYJCZYCY
1866-1911
Liczba kabli do
przecięcia by
odizolować kraj:
• Wielka Brytania –
49
• Kanada – 15
• Afyka - 5
1901
BRITS RULED
HISTORIA ROZWOJU KABLI PODMORSKICH
• TELEGRAF 1850
• TELEFON 1956 (TAT-1) – 36 KANAŁÓW
GŁOSOWYCH
• ŚWIATŁOWÓD 1988 (TAT-8) – 3 PARY
ŚWIATŁOWODOWE
KABLE PODMORSKIE DZISIAJ
A POLSKA?
Kołobrzeg
Mielno
AFRYKA - TIMELINE
TROCHĘ TECHNIKI
TYPY I BUDOWA KABLI
Source: Lonnie Hagadorn
TYPY KABLI
OD 2 DO 5CM GRUBOŚCI
IM PŁYTSZE WODY, TYM GRUBSZY
Source: Lonnie Hagadorn
LICZBA WŁÓKIEN W KABLU?
REGENERACJA SYGNAŁU
• REPEATERS – CO OK. 70-100 KM
Source: Lonnie Hagadorn
NAPRAWA KABLA
DO KOGO NALEŻĄ KABLE?
• KABLE BYŁY TRADYCYJNIE WŁASNOŚCIĄ OPERATORÓW TELEKOMUNIKACYJNYCH, KTÓRZY
TWORZYLI KONSORCJA
• LATA 90TE: FIRMY INWESTUJĄ W BUDOWĘ KABLI BY SPRZEDAWAĆ ŁĄCZA
• LATA 2000+: KABLE BUDUJĄ ROWNIEŻ DOSTAWCY TREŚCI – GOGLE, FACEBOOK, AMAZON,
MICROSOFT.
• PRYWATNI OPERATORZY KABLI (FIRMY INWESTYCYJNE ORAZ DOSTAWCY TREŚCI) POSIADAJĄ
WIĘCEJ PRZEPŁYWNOŚCI NIŻ TRADYCYJNE TELEKOMY.
• TYPOWY MULTI-TERABITOWY KABEL TRANSOCENIACZNY TO KOSZT KILKUSET MILIONÓW
DOLARÓW…
STATS
• LICZBA KABLI: ~450
• DŁUGOŚĆ: 1 200 000+ KM
• AWARIE: ŚREDNIO JEDNA CO 3 DNI (~120 AWARII/ROK)
• ŻYWOTNOŚĆ: 15-20 LAT
• RECYKLING
• NOWE ZASTOSOWANIA PORZUCONYCH KABLI
USZKODZENIA KABLI
1959-2006POWÓD USZKODZENIA
OCHRONA KABLI
• INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE
PROTECTION OF SUBMARINE CABLES, 1884
• GENEVA CONVENTIONS ON THE HIGH SEAS 1958
• UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF
THE SEA (1982) (UNCLOS)
• NP. OBOWIĄZEK PORZUCENIA KOTWICY LUB SIECI,
JEŚLI ZAHACZYŁA O KABEL
JAK BARDZO INTERNET ZALEŻY OD KABLI?
• Trzęsienie Ziemi 7,1 stopni
• 7 uszkodzonych kabli
• Poważne zakłócenia w
funkcjonowaniu Internetu przez
kilka tygodni
STATYSTYKI
• KABLE PODMORSKIE OBSŁUGUJĄ 95% KOMUNIKACJI MIĘDZYNARODOWEJ
• WIĘKSZOŚĆ NOWYCH KABLI OD 2015 ROKU TO INWESTYCJE GOOGLE, AMAZON,
FACEBOOK
• DOSTĘPNA PRZEPŁYWNOŚĆ W 2021 OSIĄGNIE 5000 TBPS
SECRET SERVICE
• OPERACJA IVY BELLS USA – 1971-80
• WIRE-TAPPING DEVICE – 6M DŁUGOŚCI
• ZMIANA KASET CO MIESIĄC (!)
• DO OBEJRZENIA W MUZEUM W MOSKWIE 
ORANGE A SPRAWA KABLA
• 6 statków (cable ships) –
15%
• 160 000 km ułożonych
kabli
EQUINIX A SPRAWA KABLA
• POP W DATACENTER
• CLS (CABLE LANDING STATION) W DATACENTER
• PROJEKTY: AECONNECT-1, FASTER, HAWAIKI, MONET, AQUACOMS, TRIDENT,
GLOBENET
DZIĘKUJEMY!

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PLNOG 21: Dariusz Wichniewicz i Michał Małyszko - Podwodne sieci światłowodowe