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International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
22
CUSTOMS DOCUMENTATION FOR EXIM TRADE
Dr. C. MUTHUVELATUTHAM
Associate Professor
Mr. KARUPPASAMY. R
Research Scholar
Department of Management Studies
Anna University Regional Centre
Coimbatore- 641 047
ABSTRACT
Foreign trade has been major aspect for economic wealth of nations. Every nations
have taking various plans & policies and amending this at periodically to improve trade
activities. There is some major problems or risks to export and import cargo. In India, the
shipper and buyer are also facing few significant problems; the major problem is efficient
work of customs documentation and clearance. The government policies and duty plans are
changing periodically. So, very important thing is knowledge on documentation and efficient
documentation work. The clearing agents and authorized license holder do perfect
documentation. The clearing agent takes responsibility about documentation and clearance
work on behalf of shipper and buyer. This paper reviews the significant process of customs
documentation and clearance for export and import and the enhancement of its traditional
legal functions. It emphasizes the vital role of customs house agents (CHA) who makes
efficient and speedy documentation. The paper highlights the technological innovations in
have resulted in new forms of documentation by recent years. The paper could miss
document's nature and analysis, the implications of different types of bills which is an
instrument in commercial trade. But these will be more scope to future study. This paper is of
general review type. Till now there is no lot of study about this topic which is stimulation of
this study. But some relevant literatures and secondary information are referred in this study.
KEY WORDS: Export Documentation, Import Documentation, CHA.
IJMRD
© PRJ PUBLICATION
International Journal of Management Research and Development
(IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X (Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 3, Number 1
Jan - March (2013), pp.22-34
© PRJ Publication, http://www.prjpublication.com/IJMRD.asp
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
23
INTRODUCTION
The Indian Ports has handled 849.9 million tones traffic during 2009-10. All major
and Non-major Port’s growth rate in cargo handling during 2009-10 was 5.8% and 35.4%
respectively. It is higher than when compared to 2.2% and 3.3% achievement in 2008-09
(Ministry of Shipping, India).
Trade between nations is vital to economic growth. It results either in inflow and
outflow of goods and services. Every country has its own customs duties and regulations.
Exporters and importers have to fulfill all such customs formalities. Such formalities are
absent in home trade where we have usually greater freedom in the movement of goods and
in the settlement of dues. Each country has its own legal system and very often the legal
system operated by different legal systems makes the task of the businessman more difficult.
Various formalities are to be completed to export and import goods. An exporter and
importer have to observe many formalities and submit a number of documents. An exporter
and importer should be familiar with these formalities.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Managing International Physical Distribution Activities, International distribution
management is complex. Success requires the correct answers to a number of difficult issues
in order to develop the optimal distribution system for each target market (James R. Stock,
Douglas M. Lambert, 1983).Three channels are discussed: the international transaction and
payment channel; the international distribution channel (through which the goods physically
move); and the documentation/communications channel. Third parties or middlemen
frequently appear in channels to facilitate their operations (Donald F. Wood,
1990).Management of the Export Shipment, Export distributors, customs house brokers and
foreign freight forwarders are amongst the major organisations involved in exporting activity.
Documentation remains of paramount importance. Operating in an unfamiliar financial
environment, it is essential to take account of exchange rates, tax, levels of inflation and other
financial aspects affecting physical distribution; all will impact on profit levels and, if
mismanaged or overlooked, will generate losses (James R. Stock, Douglas M. Lambert,
1983).A bill of lading holds as a document of title, including the proprietary effects a transfer
of goods in transit can have and the bill's use as a means of security as well as its limitations
in modern international commerce. (Torsten Schmitz, 2011).
Even in a relatively routine international transaction fifteen or more separate parties
can be involved. Information has to be supplied at the right time for up to fifty commercial
and official procedures. This information is normally exchanged using paper documentation
(Gary Davies, Charles Freebury, 1987).It was found that the unwieldy customs procedures
and inspections, lack of coordination, and arbitrary rulings are some barriers to freer cross-
border trade within ASEAN (Sumeet Gupta, Mark Goh, Robert Desouza, Miti Garg, 2011).
Customs brokers pointing out ways in which the current regulatory framework can be
violated (Nikos Passas, Kimberly Jones, 2007).
If EDI is to succeed to a similar degree as paper-based systems then international
harmonization and standardization must be achieved across all functional groups (banking,
transport, insurance, and customs) and industry sectors on message standard and structures
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
24
(Robert M. Mulligan, 1999).The computers have been using the international distribution of
manufactures, concentrating on their application in order processing and documentation (G.J.
Davies, 1981). EDI helps to consequent improvement in scheduling and reduction of
paperwork (Sue Garstone, 1995).
In an earlier article Gray and Davies used the expression “international logistics” to
mean a system in which documentation flows are as much a part of the main logistical flow
as flows of product (G.J. Davies, 1987).One of the most obvious objectives in the
development of orderliness and economics in international logistics and trade would, of
course, be the standardization of regulations, documentation, packaging, containers and
transport vehicles (E. Ralph Sims, Jr, 1973).
CUSTOMS CLEARANCE IN INDIA
In India, Custom Clearance is a multifaceted and time captivating procedure that
every export looks in his export business. Corporeal control is still the source of custom
clearance in India where each shipment is physically examined in order to levy various types
of export duties. High import tariffs and array of exemptions and export promotion schemes
also underwrite in obscuring the documentation and procedures. So, a correct knowledge of
the custom rules and regulation becomes imperative for the exporter. For clearance of export
and import cargo, the shipper or buyer has to commence some formalities to file the shipping
bill for clearance of export cargo. But it is very multifaceted and also customs clearance
process is knowledgeable and difficult work. So, extensively the CHA (Customs House
Agent) have been use as a middleman by Shipper and Buyer. The Shippers and Buyers
themselves may have neither time nor the necessary knowledge on their own. Therefore,
agents are permitted to act on their behalf. In overseas trade, there are countless
intermediaries between the primary producer or seller and the definitive consumer or buyer.
All these middlemen be attentive in their own branches and sell their specialized services at
very sensible rates. They are captivating the risk of documentation process. It will be done by
good management decision making. According to Peter F. Drucker, “Whatever a manger
does, he does through making decisions”. Hence a manger can be viewed as a specialist in the
art of decision-making. According to Haynes and Massie, “decision-making is a process of
selection from a set of alternative courses of action which is thought to fulfill the objective of
the decision problem more satisfactorily than others”.
CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENT (CHA)
Customs House Agent (CHA) is an agent to act on behalf of buyers and shippers. He
is dictated by the highly involved and technical nature of the job to be done in joining with
clearance of imports into and exports across the country. The work of the agent is governing
by the Customs House Agents Licensing Regulations of India. There are convinced
responsibilities fastened on the agent of the shipper or buyer under Sections given by the law.
Some of these responsibilities are in the flora of extension of and exclusions to the liability of
an agent. Newly, the practiced technical experts at Logistics Company can help shippers or
buyers cargos clear speedily and competently with a computerized customs clearance
network. They can lead through the difficulty of customs department. They handle all import
and export permit necessities for cargos and also give desired advice on any product
necessities or non-tariff barriers.
International Journal of Management
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan
Section 146 of the Customs Act, 1962 states that no person shall carry on business as
an agent relating to entry or departure of a conveyance or the import or export of goods at any
customs station unless such person holds a
regulations made in this regard by the Board. Thus, any person desirous to carry on business
as a Custom House Agent relating to entry or departure of a conveyance
of goods at any Customs station is required to obtain a
CHA license and the person concerned as the Custom House Agent (CHA)
Manual-2012(29)).
According to CHA Regulations
have licensed under these regulations to act as agent for the transaction of any business
relating to the entry or departure of
Customs Station; "firm", "firm name",
meanings respectively assigned to them in the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932), but
the expression "partner" shall also include any person who, being a minor, has been admitted
to the benefits of partnership;
The Commissioner of Customs shall also
is an individual, possesses, or in
betrothed in the effort relating to clearance of
company, possess agreeable knowledge of English and the
Customs Station: Delivered that in the case of persons
docks, knowledge of English shall not be
as desirable qualification (Under the CHA Regulation of India).
CUSTOMS DOCUMENTATION
Documentation plays a very
filing Shipping Bill or Bill of Entry for
or import. The handiness of exact
documentation as well as the aptness
applications for the Customs Clearance
process. Customs Documentation
the shipper or buyer. Customs Documentation is generally classified into two
figure.1.
Figure:
DOCUMENTATI
Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248
9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
25
Section 146 of the Customs Act, 1962 states that no person shall carry on business as
an agent relating to entry or departure of a conveyance or the import or export of goods at any
ustoms station unless such person holds a license granted in this behalf in accordance with
regulations made in this regard by the Board. Thus, any person desirous to carry on business
as a Custom House Agent relating to entry or departure of a conveyance or import or export
of goods at any Customs station is required to obtain a license, which is referred to as the
and the person concerned as the Custom House Agent (CHA)
According to CHA Regulations of India, "Customs House Agent" means a person
licensed under these regulations to act as agent for the transaction of any business
relating to the entry or departure of transferences or the import or export of
"firm", "firm name", "partner" and "partnership" shall have the same
meanings respectively assigned to them in the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932), but
the expression "partner" shall also include any person who, being a minor, has been admitted
The Commissioner of Customs shall also gratify himself whether the candidate
is an individual, possesses, or in spite of a firm or company, the persons who shall be
relating to clearance of cargo through customs on behalf of that firm or
knowledge of English and the homegrown language of the
that in the case of persons delegated to job exclusively in the
docks, knowledge of English shall not be obligatory. Knowledge of Hindi shall be consid
as desirable qualification (Under the CHA Regulation of India).
CUSTOMS DOCUMENTATION
Documentation plays a very significant role. Customs Documentation is a process of
filing Shipping Bill or Bill of Entry for customs examination and clearance cargo
exact documents, the precision of the information available in the
aptness in submitting the documents and filing the
Customs Clearance defines the efficiency of the Customs Clearance
Documentation process necessitates set of documents to be submitted by
Customs Documentation is generally classified into two dimensions
: 1 Dimensions of Customs Documentation
DOCUMENTATI
ON
EXPORT
DOCUMENTATI
ON
IMPORT
DOCUMENTATI
ON
Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
Section 146 of the Customs Act, 1962 states that no person shall carry on business as
an agent relating to entry or departure of a conveyance or the import or export of goods at any
granted in this behalf in accordance with
regulations made in this regard by the Board. Thus, any person desirous to carry on business
or import or export
, which is referred to as the
and the person concerned as the Custom House Agent (CHA) (Customs-
means a person
licensed under these regulations to act as agent for the transaction of any business
or the import or export of cargo at any
"partner" and "partnership" shall have the same
meanings respectively assigned to them in the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932), but
the expression "partner" shall also include any person who, being a minor, has been admitted
candidate, if he
of a firm or company, the persons who shall be really
oms on behalf of that firm or
language of the
exclusively in the
Knowledge of Hindi shall be considered
Customs Documentation is a process of
rgo for export
of the information available in the
in submitting the documents and filing the essential
the efficiency of the Customs Clearance
set of documents to be submitted by
dimensions as
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
26
(a) Export Documentation
Export documentation is difficult in nature as the sum of documents to be filled is very
enormous, which should be submitted to concerned authorities. Therefore, advisable to take the help
of shipping and forwarding agents who will get and fill out the documents properly as well as
organize for transportation. Shippers are mandatory to follow definite formalities and procedures,
using an amount of documents. Each of these documents attends a precise purpose and hence conveys
its own importance. A vibrant understanding of all documents and their purpose, how to prepare the
documents, number of copies required, when and where to file, is a necessity for all export specialists.
Accurate Documentation will certify smooth sailing with the necessities of the above agencies
and the subsequent transaction will be a successful one. Imprecise or incomplete documentation will
outcome in serious fiscal and goodwill losses. Such losses can be totally evaded by undoubtedly
understanding of documentation necessities of all concerned parties and then accurately planning to
get the precise documents in the right numbers, at the right places and at the right time.
PROCESS OF EXPORT DOCUMENTATION
Export documentation is hard when compare with Import, Because of coordinating the
shipment and collecting various documents such as Quality control certificate, Certificate of origin
etc. But work to be done is small when compare to import. Export documentation process is clearly
showed in figure.2.
Figure: 2 Process of Export Documentation using CHA
In this process, shipper makes export documentation using by CHA. It is usual and popularly
followed way. Shipper who wish to export the goods first intimate to freight forwarders for
consolidate the goods or coordinate the shipment work like as Container or carriage and transport
arrangements etc. In some exports, CHA act as freight forwarder which is the shipper wish. Shipper
directly can arrange those works. The shipper will intimate to the Liner and book the container. And
International Journal of Management
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan
he did vessel arrangements too. Then the
When the authenticated information received from shipper by CHA, he ask and note full details of
container and vessel details form relevant liner.
customs document that is called Shipping Bill. CHA will
Packing List, LC/DC or Purchase order or Sales Agreement, and SDF etc.
shipping bill through Manual or EDI system. It shows in figure.
Now the documents filing procedure make easy by
the Indian Customs Electronic Commerce/Electronic Data interchange (EC/EDI) Gateway.
ICEGATE is a portal that provides e
Customs Department (collectively called Trading Partner). At present, about 8500 users are registered
with ICEGATE who are serving about 6.72 la
types partners with Customs EDI th
in turn facilitating EXIM Trade. (Refer ICE GATE of India).
Figure: 3 Types of Customs Filing (Shipping Bill/Bill of Entry)
After filing shipping bill, the CHA have print Shipping bill check list (see Annexure 1) and go
to CFS or ICD with all the above documents for examination and clearance work. He surrenders all
the documents to Customs officials in CFS or ICD for verificati
with filed shipping bill through EDI system. If verification is clear, he will go to examine cargo
directly and permit to staff or load. Already the cargo stored in CFS or ICD by sipper. If any problems
with cargo, he should break the work and cancel the shipping bill. Then it comes to legal action.
Whether cargo staffed, the container will sealed by customs officials and send to port. The CFS or
ICD receipt use to enter port area. The CHA will go to port terminals and sho
terminal charges.
Then he will receive ER (Electronic Receipt) from port terminal. The receipt will
customs officials in port terminals for load
and provide shipping bill. The shipping bill copy
of Lading (BL- see Annexure 3) based on shipping bill. By using this BL Copy the Liner files the
EGM (Export General Manifest) after the shipment
documents to shipper like shipping bill, BL, certificate of origin etc.
(b) Import Documentation
Import documentation is a process of customs documents filing, examining and clearing the
cargo to buyer when goods imported fro
or non-availability of documents can
only to incur demurrage on the imported cargo but also
MANUAL
Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248
9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
27
Then they also inform to CHA to do document filing and clearing.
When the authenticated information received from shipper by CHA, he ask and note full details of
container and vessel details form relevant liner. There are few significant documents required to fill
is called Shipping Bill. CHA will collect required documents like Invoice,
Packing List, LC/DC or Purchase order or Sales Agreement, and SDF etc. Then he does
shipping bill through Manual or EDI system. It shows in figure.3.
Now the documents filing procedure make easy by ICE GATE in India. ICEGATE stands for
Indian Customs Electronic Commerce/Electronic Data interchange (EC/EDI) Gateway.
ICEGATE is a portal that provides e-filing services to the trade and cargo carriers and other clients of
Customs Department (collectively called Trading Partner). At present, about 8500 users are registered
with ICEGATE who are serving about 6.72 lakhs importer/exporter. ICEGATE links about 15/broad
types partners with Customs EDI through message exchanges enabling faster Customs clearance and
(Refer ICE GATE of India).
Types of Customs Filing (Shipping Bill/Bill of Entry)
After filing shipping bill, the CHA have print Shipping bill check list (see Annexure 1) and go
to CFS or ICD with all the above documents for examination and clearance work. He surrenders all
the documents to Customs officials in CFS or ICD for verification. The customs officer has check
with filed shipping bill through EDI system. If verification is clear, he will go to examine cargo
ff or load. Already the cargo stored in CFS or ICD by sipper. If any problems
ld break the work and cancel the shipping bill. Then it comes to legal action.
Whether cargo staffed, the container will sealed by customs officials and send to port. The CFS or
ICD receipt use to enter port area. The CHA will go to port terminals and show the receipt and p
ER (Electronic Receipt) from port terminal. The receipt will
customs officials in port terminals for loading container in vessel. If it is clear, the officials do permit
shipping bill. The shipping bill copy is given to liner by CHA. The Liner release the Bill
) based on shipping bill. By using this BL Copy the Liner files the
EGM (Export General Manifest) after the shipment gets over. The CHA finally have
documents to shipper like shipping bill, BL, certificate of origin etc.
Import documentation is a process of customs documents filing, examining and clearing the
cargo to buyer when goods imported from other country. It is done by CHA. Any interruption
availability of documents can adjournment the process and in this manner buyer
only to incur demurrage on the imported cargo but also position to lose business opportunitie
CUSTOMS
DOCUMENATION
FILING
MANUAL
FILING
FILING Through
EDI
Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
also inform to CHA to do document filing and clearing.
When the authenticated information received from shipper by CHA, he ask and note full details of
There are few significant documents required to fill
collect required documents like Invoice,
does work to file
ICEGATE stands for
Indian Customs Electronic Commerce/Electronic Data interchange (EC/EDI) Gateway.
iers and other clients of
Customs Department (collectively called Trading Partner). At present, about 8500 users are registered
ICEGATE links about 15/broad
rough message exchanges enabling faster Customs clearance and
After filing shipping bill, the CHA have print Shipping bill check list (see Annexure 1) and go
to CFS or ICD with all the above documents for examination and clearance work. He surrenders all
on. The customs officer has check
with filed shipping bill through EDI system. If verification is clear, he will go to examine cargo
ff or load. Already the cargo stored in CFS or ICD by sipper. If any problems
ld break the work and cancel the shipping bill. Then it comes to legal action.
Whether cargo staffed, the container will sealed by customs officials and send to port. The CFS or
w the receipt and pay
ER (Electronic Receipt) from port terminal. The receipt will be shown to
container in vessel. If it is clear, the officials do permit
to liner by CHA. The Liner release the Bill
) based on shipping bill. By using this BL Copy the Liner files the
have to send all the
Import documentation is a process of customs documents filing, examining and clearing the
interruption in filing
buyer positions not
to lose business opportunities.
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
28
PROCESS OF IMPORT DOCUMENTATION
Import documentation is very important to customs. Because of the maximum duties
are collected on import of goods. So the importer and customs officials should be careful.
The significant process of import documentation is clearly showed in following figure.3. It is
usual way of Import documentation using by CHA.
For example, if the cargo exported to Indian buyer by a shipper from any one country.
Now the buyer has to do import documentation process. He must collect all relevant
documents from shipper. Then he go to intimate the CHA to do this work efficiently and in
fast manner. CHA can do documentation and customs clearance when it receives authorized
information and required documents from buyer. There are required set of documents like
Invoice, Packing List, Certificate Origin and Bill of Lading (BL). The Clearing Agent have
collected all the documents and surrender the BL to authorized Liner for filing IGM (Import
General Manifest)and issue DO (Delivery Order). Then the Liner has to check the BL and to
file IGM in Customs office.
Figure: 3 Process of Import Documentation using CHA
After this process, they will issue DO to clearing agent. By using this order, clearing agent
can move the container from port terminal to CFS (Container Freight Station) or ICD (Inland
Container Depot) for examination and clearance. When filed IGM, CHA file the Bill of Entry
in customs office manually or through EDI. Recently EDI system is in use. After this process,
clearing agent should print the Bill of Entry check list (see Annexure 2) and go to CFS with
all above documents. The customs officers in CFS have check the documents trough EDI and
directly examine the imported goods. If it is perfectly match with documents and relevant
duties are paid, the goods will be cleared. If it is not perfect, they will go for legal action. If
the goods cleared, Bill of Entry issued by Customs officials is given to Clearing Agent. Then
the goods deliver to buyer with all other documents.
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
29
RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is normal term in any one business. But more in cross border business. The management
will handle this risk by various strategic ways. Some risks in business can efficiently handle by some
other people or agencies. One of the major and critical risk is customs documentation and clearance. It
will be given to CHA by Shipper and Buyer. As the CHA is knowledgeable and talented in this work,
Shipper and Buyer could surrender their own risk to them. The shipper and buyer have do only send
and receive the goods but other work related to export and import handle and mange by middleman
like Freight forwarder, CHA etc. it is better solution to awaiting lot business risk by Shipper and
Buyer.
CONCLUSION
This paper enhance really work of customs documentation and clearance and emphasis
significance of CHA in this work. The process of documentation and clearance in Export and Import
is highlighted and explore in this paper. This study misses as proper explanation of required
documents for documentation. But it is very large subject. It must be scope for further next study
about document’s information. In this paper, only total process of documentation for export and
import of goods using CHA is nicely viewed. However the Customs Documentation has been
significant work and successfully done by CHA. Shipper and Buyer manage the risk by placing CHA
as a middleman.
REFERENCE
[1] Donald F. Wood (1990), “International Logistics Channels”, International Journal of
Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Volume: 20 Issue: 9.
[2] E. Ralph Sims, Jr. (1973), “THE INVISIBLE IMPEDIMENTS TO FREIGHT
INTEGRATION:: Prospects and Proposals for the Future” International Journal of
Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Volume: 3 Issue: 5.
[3] Gary Davies, Charles Freebury (1987), “The Management of Documentation by British
Exporters”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management
Volume: 17 Issue: 6.
[4] G.J. Davies (1981), “Computer Based Export Systems”, International Journal of Physical
Distribution & Logistics Management Volume: 11 Issue: 5/6.
[5] G.J. Davies (1987), “The International Logistics Concept”, International Journal of Physical
Distribution & Logistics Management Volume: 17 Issue: 2.
[6] James R. Stock, Douglas M. Lambert (1983), “Physical Distribution Management In
International Marketing”, International Marketing Review Volume: 1 Issue: 1.
[7] Nikos Passas, Kimberly Jones (2007), “The regulation of non-vessel-operating common
carriers (NVOCC) and customs brokers: Loopholes big enough to fit container ships”, Journal
of Financial Crime Volume: 14 Issue: 1.
[8] Robert M. Mulligan (1999), “EDI in foreign trade: a perspective on change and international
harmonization”, Logistics Information Management Volume: 12 Issue: 4.
[9] Sue Garstone (1995), “Electronic data interchange (EDI) in port operations”, Logistics
Information Management Volume: 8 Issue: 2.
[10] Sumeet Gupta, Mark Goh, Robert Desouza, Miti Garg (2011), “Assessing trade friendliness
of logistics services in ASEAN”, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics Volume: 23
Issue: 5.
[11] Torsten Schmitz (2011), “The bill of lading as a document of title”, Journal of International
Trade Law and Policy Volume: 10 Issue: 3.
[12] www.icegate.gov.in
[13] www.cbec.gov.in/customs/cs-act
[14] www.shipping.gov.in
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
30
ANNEXURE – 1
ABC SHIPPING AGENCIES
[Shipping Bill Check List]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S.B No. & Date : Printed On:15/02/2013
Icegate Job No :264 File Reference No:DUMMY1 Date:15/02/2013
CHA :AAFFV5694ECH009 Name :ABC SHIPPING AGENCIES
Port of Loading:INTUT1 State of Origin :TAMIL NADU
Printed On :15/02/2013 Entered On :15/02/2013
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPORTER DETAILS : CONSIGNEE DETAILS:
3296014977 BIN NULL CLAIRE GROUP A/S,
FACCTUM WEARS, MARSVEJ 6-10,
Branch Sr. No. :0 DK-7430 IKAST,
FACCTUM WEARS, DENMARK
12, K.P.P GARDEN, 1ST FLOOR,
KONGU MAIN ROAD,
TIRUPUR -641 607.
TAMIL NADU-
Port of Loading :CusHouse, Tuticorin
Total Packages :
Port of Discharge :AARHUS Loose Packets :
Gross Weight : Net Weight :
Country of Dest. :DENMARK Number of Ctrs :0
Nature Of Cargo. :
Forex Bank A/c No :1494 RBI Waiver No/Date:
FOB Value(INR) :15062 DRAWBACK(INR) :1295.33
Adcode :0230492 Bank A/c Number :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVOICE DETAILS Number of Invoices : 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Invoice S.NO. :1
Invoice Number :FWS-105/2010-11Date :08/11/2012
Nature Of Contract :FOB Buyer Details :
Nature Of Payment :DA SAME AS CONSIGNEE
Period Of Agreement:60 `
Currency Code :USD
Exchange Rate :44.3
Invoice Value(FC) :340
Invoice Value(INR) :15062 DBK Value(INR) : 1295.33
Rate Currency Amount
Insurance 0 USD 0
Freight 0 USD 0
Commission 0 USD 0
Discount 0 USD 0
Other Ded. 0 USD 0
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
31
Packing Charges 0 USD 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
ITEMS OF EXPORT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
No RITC CD Description
Quantity Units Item RatePer Unit Value(FC) FOB(INR) SchCd
Scheme Description PMV TOT PMV
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
1 61091000 95%COTTON 5% ELASTANE KNITTED GIRLS T-SHIRT
100 PCS 3.40 Per 1 PCS 340.00 15062 19
DRAWBACK (DBK) 165.68 16568.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
TOTAL FOB : 15062
TOTAL PMV : 16568
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
DRAWBACK PAYABLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
Inv Item DBK SNo Customs Rate DBK Adv DBK Qty Unit
Sno SNO DBK SNo Excise Rate DBK Rate Spec DBK Amt(INR)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
1 1 610902A 0 8.6 100 PCS
0 28 1295.33
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
1295.33
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
I/We declare that the particulars given herein are true and
are correct.
Signature of
For ABC SHIPPING AGENCIES
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
32
ANNEXURE – 2
CHECK LIST - Bill of Entry
==========================
Date: 15/02/2013
___________________________________________________________________
Port of Submission : TUTICORIN Mode of Tranport: Sea
CHA : AAFFV5694ECH009 ABC SHIPPING AGENCIES
Job No /Job Yr: 5/2012
Importer:3506001841 PAN: Green Channel: No
KAYCEE INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS PVT.LTD
Branch SlNo. : 0 Sec 48:
111/33/E-1 MAIN ROAD,
STATE BANK COLONY,
TUTICORIN
TAMILNADU PIN- 0
BE Type : Home Consumption
Kaccha BE :No
Govt./Private:Private Prior BE: Normal First Check: No
IGM No./YR : 2009018 /2011 24/03/2011 Port of Loadg. :HAIPHONG
Cntry of Orig.:VIETNAM, DEMOCRATIC REP. OF
Cntry of Consgn : VIETNAM,
DEMOCRATIC REP. OF
BL. : MAXHAI1208TUT211 HBL :
Date :25/02/2011 Date :
No. of Pkgs :1250 BAG Gross Wt.: 50400 KGS
Marks :AS ADDRESS
& Nos :<Nil>
<Nil>
INVOICE DETAILS SUPPLIER DETAILS
Inv No. & Dt : DLH-KCIC/1102001 24/02/2011
D.L.H MINERALS JSC
Inv Value : 5750 USD ToI: CIF 7TH FL NGUPHUC TOWER,NO.7 LOT 3B
Freight : 0% LE HONG STR,NGO QUYEN,HAI PHONG,
Insurance : 0% VIETNAM
SVB Load(Dty): 0 Cust. House: VN,
SVB Load(Ass): 0 Hss Load Rate: 0.00 Amount : 0.00
Misc Charges : 0 Total Misc. Amt : 0
Discount Rate : 0.00 Discount Amount: 0.00
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
33
Exchange Rate: 1 USD = 45.2 INR
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
ITEM DETAILS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
Slno RITC Item Description RSP
Qty Unit Price CTH C.Notn C.NSNO Cus Duty Rt BCD
Amt(Rs)
Unit Ass Value CETH E.Notn E.NSNO Exc Duty Rt CVD
Amt(Rs)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
1 25221000 QUICK LIME N
50 115 25221000 021/2002 517 5% 13125
MTS 262499 25221000 0% 0
Educational Cess on CVD : 3% 0
Customs Educational Cess : 0 3% 393.7
Additional Duty - 2006 : 019/2006 4 %
11040.7
Health Duty : 0% 0.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Rs. 262499 Inv.Gross Total Rs. 24559.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Rs. 262499 BE Gross Total Rs. 24559.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Duty Payable Rs. 24559.4
CONTAINER DETAILS
IGM NO CONTAINER NO SEAL NO LCFC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2009018/2011
YMLU2511019 F
2009018/2011
YMLU2450058 F
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X
(Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013)
34
ANNEXURE – 3
Bill of Lading (BL)
SHIPPER (MAX 5 LINES)
ABC INDIA PVT. LTD.
GAT NO.147, VILLAGE TAMGAON,
TALUKA : KARVEER
DIST. KOLHAPUR-416234 - INDIA
BOOKING NO.22020202
SEA WAY BILL
Consignee: (MAX 5 LINES)
EYZ SPA.
VIA SALTORE
ITALY – P.IVA 01141930261
FROM : XYZ INT’L SHIPPING PVT LTD.
1 Notify Party: ( MAX 5 LINES)
SAME AS CONSIGNEE
Vessel and Voyage No:
TIGER CAPE V-130 E
Place of Receipt:
Port of Loading:
TUTICORIN , INDIA
PORT of Discharge
VENICE
Place of Delivery:
VENICE, ITALY
Shipping Marks & Nos Number and Kind of Packages
Description of Goods
Gross
Weight
In Kgs.
Net Weight
In kgs.
NE 100/2
COMBED COTTON YARN
1 X 40’HC FCL SAID TO CONTAIN
39 PACKAGES
20 PALLETS & 19 CARTONS
(TWENTY PALLETS & NINTEEN CARTONS )
100% GREY COTTON YARN MORE OR LESS THAN 10
PCT OF KGS
20 PALLETS OF NE 100/2 COMBED WEAVING
19 CARTONS OF GASSING TFO COTTON YARN ON
CONES
INVOICE NOS.:
TMI/ME/EXP/04 DT.13.06.2009
SHIPPING BILL NO.:
2109665 DT.13.06.2009
“ FREIGHT PREPAID”
19892.20
KGS
18300.00
KGS
CONTAINER NO.:
HLXU 6257256
SEAL NO:
5824242

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Streamlined customs documentation for EXIM trade

  • 1. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 22 CUSTOMS DOCUMENTATION FOR EXIM TRADE Dr. C. MUTHUVELATUTHAM Associate Professor Mr. KARUPPASAMY. R Research Scholar Department of Management Studies Anna University Regional Centre Coimbatore- 641 047 ABSTRACT Foreign trade has been major aspect for economic wealth of nations. Every nations have taking various plans & policies and amending this at periodically to improve trade activities. There is some major problems or risks to export and import cargo. In India, the shipper and buyer are also facing few significant problems; the major problem is efficient work of customs documentation and clearance. The government policies and duty plans are changing periodically. So, very important thing is knowledge on documentation and efficient documentation work. The clearing agents and authorized license holder do perfect documentation. The clearing agent takes responsibility about documentation and clearance work on behalf of shipper and buyer. This paper reviews the significant process of customs documentation and clearance for export and import and the enhancement of its traditional legal functions. It emphasizes the vital role of customs house agents (CHA) who makes efficient and speedy documentation. The paper highlights the technological innovations in have resulted in new forms of documentation by recent years. The paper could miss document's nature and analysis, the implications of different types of bills which is an instrument in commercial trade. But these will be more scope to future study. This paper is of general review type. Till now there is no lot of study about this topic which is stimulation of this study. But some relevant literatures and secondary information are referred in this study. KEY WORDS: Export Documentation, Import Documentation, CHA. IJMRD © PRJ PUBLICATION International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X (Print) ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 3, Number 1 Jan - March (2013), pp.22-34 © PRJ Publication, http://www.prjpublication.com/IJMRD.asp
  • 2. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 23 INTRODUCTION The Indian Ports has handled 849.9 million tones traffic during 2009-10. All major and Non-major Port’s growth rate in cargo handling during 2009-10 was 5.8% and 35.4% respectively. It is higher than when compared to 2.2% and 3.3% achievement in 2008-09 (Ministry of Shipping, India). Trade between nations is vital to economic growth. It results either in inflow and outflow of goods and services. Every country has its own customs duties and regulations. Exporters and importers have to fulfill all such customs formalities. Such formalities are absent in home trade where we have usually greater freedom in the movement of goods and in the settlement of dues. Each country has its own legal system and very often the legal system operated by different legal systems makes the task of the businessman more difficult. Various formalities are to be completed to export and import goods. An exporter and importer have to observe many formalities and submit a number of documents. An exporter and importer should be familiar with these formalities. LITERATURE REVIEW Managing International Physical Distribution Activities, International distribution management is complex. Success requires the correct answers to a number of difficult issues in order to develop the optimal distribution system for each target market (James R. Stock, Douglas M. Lambert, 1983).Three channels are discussed: the international transaction and payment channel; the international distribution channel (through which the goods physically move); and the documentation/communications channel. Third parties or middlemen frequently appear in channels to facilitate their operations (Donald F. Wood, 1990).Management of the Export Shipment, Export distributors, customs house brokers and foreign freight forwarders are amongst the major organisations involved in exporting activity. Documentation remains of paramount importance. Operating in an unfamiliar financial environment, it is essential to take account of exchange rates, tax, levels of inflation and other financial aspects affecting physical distribution; all will impact on profit levels and, if mismanaged or overlooked, will generate losses (James R. Stock, Douglas M. Lambert, 1983).A bill of lading holds as a document of title, including the proprietary effects a transfer of goods in transit can have and the bill's use as a means of security as well as its limitations in modern international commerce. (Torsten Schmitz, 2011). Even in a relatively routine international transaction fifteen or more separate parties can be involved. Information has to be supplied at the right time for up to fifty commercial and official procedures. This information is normally exchanged using paper documentation (Gary Davies, Charles Freebury, 1987).It was found that the unwieldy customs procedures and inspections, lack of coordination, and arbitrary rulings are some barriers to freer cross- border trade within ASEAN (Sumeet Gupta, Mark Goh, Robert Desouza, Miti Garg, 2011). Customs brokers pointing out ways in which the current regulatory framework can be violated (Nikos Passas, Kimberly Jones, 2007). If EDI is to succeed to a similar degree as paper-based systems then international harmonization and standardization must be achieved across all functional groups (banking, transport, insurance, and customs) and industry sectors on message standard and structures
  • 3. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 24 (Robert M. Mulligan, 1999).The computers have been using the international distribution of manufactures, concentrating on their application in order processing and documentation (G.J. Davies, 1981). EDI helps to consequent improvement in scheduling and reduction of paperwork (Sue Garstone, 1995). In an earlier article Gray and Davies used the expression “international logistics” to mean a system in which documentation flows are as much a part of the main logistical flow as flows of product (G.J. Davies, 1987).One of the most obvious objectives in the development of orderliness and economics in international logistics and trade would, of course, be the standardization of regulations, documentation, packaging, containers and transport vehicles (E. Ralph Sims, Jr, 1973). CUSTOMS CLEARANCE IN INDIA In India, Custom Clearance is a multifaceted and time captivating procedure that every export looks in his export business. Corporeal control is still the source of custom clearance in India where each shipment is physically examined in order to levy various types of export duties. High import tariffs and array of exemptions and export promotion schemes also underwrite in obscuring the documentation and procedures. So, a correct knowledge of the custom rules and regulation becomes imperative for the exporter. For clearance of export and import cargo, the shipper or buyer has to commence some formalities to file the shipping bill for clearance of export cargo. But it is very multifaceted and also customs clearance process is knowledgeable and difficult work. So, extensively the CHA (Customs House Agent) have been use as a middleman by Shipper and Buyer. The Shippers and Buyers themselves may have neither time nor the necessary knowledge on their own. Therefore, agents are permitted to act on their behalf. In overseas trade, there are countless intermediaries between the primary producer or seller and the definitive consumer or buyer. All these middlemen be attentive in their own branches and sell their specialized services at very sensible rates. They are captivating the risk of documentation process. It will be done by good management decision making. According to Peter F. Drucker, “Whatever a manger does, he does through making decisions”. Hence a manger can be viewed as a specialist in the art of decision-making. According to Haynes and Massie, “decision-making is a process of selection from a set of alternative courses of action which is thought to fulfill the objective of the decision problem more satisfactorily than others”. CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENT (CHA) Customs House Agent (CHA) is an agent to act on behalf of buyers and shippers. He is dictated by the highly involved and technical nature of the job to be done in joining with clearance of imports into and exports across the country. The work of the agent is governing by the Customs House Agents Licensing Regulations of India. There are convinced responsibilities fastened on the agent of the shipper or buyer under Sections given by the law. Some of these responsibilities are in the flora of extension of and exclusions to the liability of an agent. Newly, the practiced technical experts at Logistics Company can help shippers or buyers cargos clear speedily and competently with a computerized customs clearance network. They can lead through the difficulty of customs department. They handle all import and export permit necessities for cargos and also give desired advice on any product necessities or non-tariff barriers.
  • 4. International Journal of Management (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan Section 146 of the Customs Act, 1962 states that no person shall carry on business as an agent relating to entry or departure of a conveyance or the import or export of goods at any customs station unless such person holds a regulations made in this regard by the Board. Thus, any person desirous to carry on business as a Custom House Agent relating to entry or departure of a conveyance of goods at any Customs station is required to obtain a CHA license and the person concerned as the Custom House Agent (CHA) Manual-2012(29)). According to CHA Regulations have licensed under these regulations to act as agent for the transaction of any business relating to the entry or departure of Customs Station; "firm", "firm name", meanings respectively assigned to them in the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932), but the expression "partner" shall also include any person who, being a minor, has been admitted to the benefits of partnership; The Commissioner of Customs shall also is an individual, possesses, or in betrothed in the effort relating to clearance of company, possess agreeable knowledge of English and the Customs Station: Delivered that in the case of persons docks, knowledge of English shall not be as desirable qualification (Under the CHA Regulation of India). CUSTOMS DOCUMENTATION Documentation plays a very filing Shipping Bill or Bill of Entry for or import. The handiness of exact documentation as well as the aptness applications for the Customs Clearance process. Customs Documentation the shipper or buyer. Customs Documentation is generally classified into two figure.1. Figure: DOCUMENTATI Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248 9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 25 Section 146 of the Customs Act, 1962 states that no person shall carry on business as an agent relating to entry or departure of a conveyance or the import or export of goods at any ustoms station unless such person holds a license granted in this behalf in accordance with regulations made in this regard by the Board. Thus, any person desirous to carry on business as a Custom House Agent relating to entry or departure of a conveyance or import or export of goods at any Customs station is required to obtain a license, which is referred to as the and the person concerned as the Custom House Agent (CHA) According to CHA Regulations of India, "Customs House Agent" means a person licensed under these regulations to act as agent for the transaction of any business relating to the entry or departure of transferences or the import or export of "firm", "firm name", "partner" and "partnership" shall have the same meanings respectively assigned to them in the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932), but the expression "partner" shall also include any person who, being a minor, has been admitted The Commissioner of Customs shall also gratify himself whether the candidate is an individual, possesses, or in spite of a firm or company, the persons who shall be relating to clearance of cargo through customs on behalf of that firm or knowledge of English and the homegrown language of the that in the case of persons delegated to job exclusively in the docks, knowledge of English shall not be obligatory. Knowledge of Hindi shall be consid as desirable qualification (Under the CHA Regulation of India). CUSTOMS DOCUMENTATION Documentation plays a very significant role. Customs Documentation is a process of filing Shipping Bill or Bill of Entry for customs examination and clearance cargo exact documents, the precision of the information available in the aptness in submitting the documents and filing the Customs Clearance defines the efficiency of the Customs Clearance Documentation process necessitates set of documents to be submitted by Customs Documentation is generally classified into two dimensions : 1 Dimensions of Customs Documentation DOCUMENTATI ON EXPORT DOCUMENTATI ON IMPORT DOCUMENTATI ON Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X Section 146 of the Customs Act, 1962 states that no person shall carry on business as an agent relating to entry or departure of a conveyance or the import or export of goods at any granted in this behalf in accordance with regulations made in this regard by the Board. Thus, any person desirous to carry on business or import or export , which is referred to as the and the person concerned as the Custom House Agent (CHA) (Customs- means a person licensed under these regulations to act as agent for the transaction of any business or the import or export of cargo at any "partner" and "partnership" shall have the same meanings respectively assigned to them in the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932), but the expression "partner" shall also include any person who, being a minor, has been admitted candidate, if he of a firm or company, the persons who shall be really oms on behalf of that firm or language of the exclusively in the Knowledge of Hindi shall be considered Customs Documentation is a process of rgo for export of the information available in the in submitting the documents and filing the essential the efficiency of the Customs Clearance set of documents to be submitted by dimensions as
  • 5. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 26 (a) Export Documentation Export documentation is difficult in nature as the sum of documents to be filled is very enormous, which should be submitted to concerned authorities. Therefore, advisable to take the help of shipping and forwarding agents who will get and fill out the documents properly as well as organize for transportation. Shippers are mandatory to follow definite formalities and procedures, using an amount of documents. Each of these documents attends a precise purpose and hence conveys its own importance. A vibrant understanding of all documents and their purpose, how to prepare the documents, number of copies required, when and where to file, is a necessity for all export specialists. Accurate Documentation will certify smooth sailing with the necessities of the above agencies and the subsequent transaction will be a successful one. Imprecise or incomplete documentation will outcome in serious fiscal and goodwill losses. Such losses can be totally evaded by undoubtedly understanding of documentation necessities of all concerned parties and then accurately planning to get the precise documents in the right numbers, at the right places and at the right time. PROCESS OF EXPORT DOCUMENTATION Export documentation is hard when compare with Import, Because of coordinating the shipment and collecting various documents such as Quality control certificate, Certificate of origin etc. But work to be done is small when compare to import. Export documentation process is clearly showed in figure.2. Figure: 2 Process of Export Documentation using CHA In this process, shipper makes export documentation using by CHA. It is usual and popularly followed way. Shipper who wish to export the goods first intimate to freight forwarders for consolidate the goods or coordinate the shipment work like as Container or carriage and transport arrangements etc. In some exports, CHA act as freight forwarder which is the shipper wish. Shipper directly can arrange those works. The shipper will intimate to the Liner and book the container. And
  • 6. International Journal of Management (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan he did vessel arrangements too. Then the When the authenticated information received from shipper by CHA, he ask and note full details of container and vessel details form relevant liner. customs document that is called Shipping Bill. CHA will Packing List, LC/DC or Purchase order or Sales Agreement, and SDF etc. shipping bill through Manual or EDI system. It shows in figure. Now the documents filing procedure make easy by the Indian Customs Electronic Commerce/Electronic Data interchange (EC/EDI) Gateway. ICEGATE is a portal that provides e Customs Department (collectively called Trading Partner). At present, about 8500 users are registered with ICEGATE who are serving about 6.72 la types partners with Customs EDI th in turn facilitating EXIM Trade. (Refer ICE GATE of India). Figure: 3 Types of Customs Filing (Shipping Bill/Bill of Entry) After filing shipping bill, the CHA have print Shipping bill check list (see Annexure 1) and go to CFS or ICD with all the above documents for examination and clearance work. He surrenders all the documents to Customs officials in CFS or ICD for verificati with filed shipping bill through EDI system. If verification is clear, he will go to examine cargo directly and permit to staff or load. Already the cargo stored in CFS or ICD by sipper. If any problems with cargo, he should break the work and cancel the shipping bill. Then it comes to legal action. Whether cargo staffed, the container will sealed by customs officials and send to port. The CFS or ICD receipt use to enter port area. The CHA will go to port terminals and sho terminal charges. Then he will receive ER (Electronic Receipt) from port terminal. The receipt will customs officials in port terminals for load and provide shipping bill. The shipping bill copy of Lading (BL- see Annexure 3) based on shipping bill. By using this BL Copy the Liner files the EGM (Export General Manifest) after the shipment documents to shipper like shipping bill, BL, certificate of origin etc. (b) Import Documentation Import documentation is a process of customs documents filing, examining and clearing the cargo to buyer when goods imported fro or non-availability of documents can only to incur demurrage on the imported cargo but also MANUAL Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248 9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 27 Then they also inform to CHA to do document filing and clearing. When the authenticated information received from shipper by CHA, he ask and note full details of container and vessel details form relevant liner. There are few significant documents required to fill is called Shipping Bill. CHA will collect required documents like Invoice, Packing List, LC/DC or Purchase order or Sales Agreement, and SDF etc. Then he does shipping bill through Manual or EDI system. It shows in figure.3. Now the documents filing procedure make easy by ICE GATE in India. ICEGATE stands for Indian Customs Electronic Commerce/Electronic Data interchange (EC/EDI) Gateway. ICEGATE is a portal that provides e-filing services to the trade and cargo carriers and other clients of Customs Department (collectively called Trading Partner). At present, about 8500 users are registered with ICEGATE who are serving about 6.72 lakhs importer/exporter. ICEGATE links about 15/broad types partners with Customs EDI through message exchanges enabling faster Customs clearance and (Refer ICE GATE of India). Types of Customs Filing (Shipping Bill/Bill of Entry) After filing shipping bill, the CHA have print Shipping bill check list (see Annexure 1) and go to CFS or ICD with all the above documents for examination and clearance work. He surrenders all the documents to Customs officials in CFS or ICD for verification. The customs officer has check with filed shipping bill through EDI system. If verification is clear, he will go to examine cargo ff or load. Already the cargo stored in CFS or ICD by sipper. If any problems ld break the work and cancel the shipping bill. Then it comes to legal action. Whether cargo staffed, the container will sealed by customs officials and send to port. The CFS or ICD receipt use to enter port area. The CHA will go to port terminals and show the receipt and p ER (Electronic Receipt) from port terminal. The receipt will customs officials in port terminals for loading container in vessel. If it is clear, the officials do permit shipping bill. The shipping bill copy is given to liner by CHA. The Liner release the Bill ) based on shipping bill. By using this BL Copy the Liner files the EGM (Export General Manifest) after the shipment gets over. The CHA finally have documents to shipper like shipping bill, BL, certificate of origin etc. Import documentation is a process of customs documents filing, examining and clearing the cargo to buyer when goods imported from other country. It is done by CHA. Any interruption availability of documents can adjournment the process and in this manner buyer only to incur demurrage on the imported cargo but also position to lose business opportunitie CUSTOMS DOCUMENATION FILING MANUAL FILING FILING Through EDI Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X also inform to CHA to do document filing and clearing. When the authenticated information received from shipper by CHA, he ask and note full details of There are few significant documents required to fill collect required documents like Invoice, does work to file ICEGATE stands for Indian Customs Electronic Commerce/Electronic Data interchange (EC/EDI) Gateway. iers and other clients of Customs Department (collectively called Trading Partner). At present, about 8500 users are registered ICEGATE links about 15/broad rough message exchanges enabling faster Customs clearance and After filing shipping bill, the CHA have print Shipping bill check list (see Annexure 1) and go to CFS or ICD with all the above documents for examination and clearance work. He surrenders all on. The customs officer has check with filed shipping bill through EDI system. If verification is clear, he will go to examine cargo ff or load. Already the cargo stored in CFS or ICD by sipper. If any problems ld break the work and cancel the shipping bill. Then it comes to legal action. Whether cargo staffed, the container will sealed by customs officials and send to port. The CFS or w the receipt and pay ER (Electronic Receipt) from port terminal. The receipt will be shown to container in vessel. If it is clear, the officials do permit to liner by CHA. The Liner release the Bill ) based on shipping bill. By using this BL Copy the Liner files the have to send all the Import documentation is a process of customs documents filing, examining and clearing the interruption in filing buyer positions not to lose business opportunities.
  • 7. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 28 PROCESS OF IMPORT DOCUMENTATION Import documentation is very important to customs. Because of the maximum duties are collected on import of goods. So the importer and customs officials should be careful. The significant process of import documentation is clearly showed in following figure.3. It is usual way of Import documentation using by CHA. For example, if the cargo exported to Indian buyer by a shipper from any one country. Now the buyer has to do import documentation process. He must collect all relevant documents from shipper. Then he go to intimate the CHA to do this work efficiently and in fast manner. CHA can do documentation and customs clearance when it receives authorized information and required documents from buyer. There are required set of documents like Invoice, Packing List, Certificate Origin and Bill of Lading (BL). The Clearing Agent have collected all the documents and surrender the BL to authorized Liner for filing IGM (Import General Manifest)and issue DO (Delivery Order). Then the Liner has to check the BL and to file IGM in Customs office. Figure: 3 Process of Import Documentation using CHA After this process, they will issue DO to clearing agent. By using this order, clearing agent can move the container from port terminal to CFS (Container Freight Station) or ICD (Inland Container Depot) for examination and clearance. When filed IGM, CHA file the Bill of Entry in customs office manually or through EDI. Recently EDI system is in use. After this process, clearing agent should print the Bill of Entry check list (see Annexure 2) and go to CFS with all above documents. The customs officers in CFS have check the documents trough EDI and directly examine the imported goods. If it is perfectly match with documents and relevant duties are paid, the goods will be cleared. If it is not perfect, they will go for legal action. If the goods cleared, Bill of Entry issued by Customs officials is given to Clearing Agent. Then the goods deliver to buyer with all other documents.
  • 8. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 29 RISK MANAGEMENT Risk is normal term in any one business. But more in cross border business. The management will handle this risk by various strategic ways. Some risks in business can efficiently handle by some other people or agencies. One of the major and critical risk is customs documentation and clearance. It will be given to CHA by Shipper and Buyer. As the CHA is knowledgeable and talented in this work, Shipper and Buyer could surrender their own risk to them. The shipper and buyer have do only send and receive the goods but other work related to export and import handle and mange by middleman like Freight forwarder, CHA etc. it is better solution to awaiting lot business risk by Shipper and Buyer. CONCLUSION This paper enhance really work of customs documentation and clearance and emphasis significance of CHA in this work. The process of documentation and clearance in Export and Import is highlighted and explore in this paper. This study misses as proper explanation of required documents for documentation. But it is very large subject. It must be scope for further next study about document’s information. In this paper, only total process of documentation for export and import of goods using CHA is nicely viewed. However the Customs Documentation has been significant work and successfully done by CHA. Shipper and Buyer manage the risk by placing CHA as a middleman. REFERENCE [1] Donald F. Wood (1990), “International Logistics Channels”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Volume: 20 Issue: 9. [2] E. Ralph Sims, Jr. (1973), “THE INVISIBLE IMPEDIMENTS TO FREIGHT INTEGRATION:: Prospects and Proposals for the Future” International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Volume: 3 Issue: 5. [3] Gary Davies, Charles Freebury (1987), “The Management of Documentation by British Exporters”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Volume: 17 Issue: 6. [4] G.J. Davies (1981), “Computer Based Export Systems”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Volume: 11 Issue: 5/6. [5] G.J. Davies (1987), “The International Logistics Concept”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Volume: 17 Issue: 2. [6] James R. Stock, Douglas M. Lambert (1983), “Physical Distribution Management In International Marketing”, International Marketing Review Volume: 1 Issue: 1. [7] Nikos Passas, Kimberly Jones (2007), “The regulation of non-vessel-operating common carriers (NVOCC) and customs brokers: Loopholes big enough to fit container ships”, Journal of Financial Crime Volume: 14 Issue: 1. [8] Robert M. Mulligan (1999), “EDI in foreign trade: a perspective on change and international harmonization”, Logistics Information Management Volume: 12 Issue: 4. [9] Sue Garstone (1995), “Electronic data interchange (EDI) in port operations”, Logistics Information Management Volume: 8 Issue: 2. [10] Sumeet Gupta, Mark Goh, Robert Desouza, Miti Garg (2011), “Assessing trade friendliness of logistics services in ASEAN”, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics Volume: 23 Issue: 5. [11] Torsten Schmitz (2011), “The bill of lading as a document of title”, Journal of International Trade Law and Policy Volume: 10 Issue: 3. [12] www.icegate.gov.in [13] www.cbec.gov.in/customs/cs-act [14] www.shipping.gov.in
  • 9. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 30 ANNEXURE – 1 ABC SHIPPING AGENCIES [Shipping Bill Check List] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S.B No. & Date : Printed On:15/02/2013 Icegate Job No :264 File Reference No:DUMMY1 Date:15/02/2013 CHA :AAFFV5694ECH009 Name :ABC SHIPPING AGENCIES Port of Loading:INTUT1 State of Origin :TAMIL NADU Printed On :15/02/2013 Entered On :15/02/2013 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXPORTER DETAILS : CONSIGNEE DETAILS: 3296014977 BIN NULL CLAIRE GROUP A/S, FACCTUM WEARS, MARSVEJ 6-10, Branch Sr. No. :0 DK-7430 IKAST, FACCTUM WEARS, DENMARK 12, K.P.P GARDEN, 1ST FLOOR, KONGU MAIN ROAD, TIRUPUR -641 607. TAMIL NADU- Port of Loading :CusHouse, Tuticorin Total Packages : Port of Discharge :AARHUS Loose Packets : Gross Weight : Net Weight : Country of Dest. :DENMARK Number of Ctrs :0 Nature Of Cargo. : Forex Bank A/c No :1494 RBI Waiver No/Date: FOB Value(INR) :15062 DRAWBACK(INR) :1295.33 Adcode :0230492 Bank A/c Number : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVOICE DETAILS Number of Invoices : 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Invoice S.NO. :1 Invoice Number :FWS-105/2010-11Date :08/11/2012 Nature Of Contract :FOB Buyer Details : Nature Of Payment :DA SAME AS CONSIGNEE Period Of Agreement:60 ` Currency Code :USD Exchange Rate :44.3 Invoice Value(FC) :340 Invoice Value(INR) :15062 DBK Value(INR) : 1295.33 Rate Currency Amount Insurance 0 USD 0 Freight 0 USD 0 Commission 0 USD 0 Discount 0 USD 0 Other Ded. 0 USD 0
  • 10. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 31 Packing Charges 0 USD 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- ITEMS OF EXPORT ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- No RITC CD Description Quantity Units Item RatePer Unit Value(FC) FOB(INR) SchCd Scheme Description PMV TOT PMV ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- 1 61091000 95%COTTON 5% ELASTANE KNITTED GIRLS T-SHIRT 100 PCS 3.40 Per 1 PCS 340.00 15062 19 DRAWBACK (DBK) 165.68 16568.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- TOTAL FOB : 15062 TOTAL PMV : 16568 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- DRAWBACK PAYABLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- Inv Item DBK SNo Customs Rate DBK Adv DBK Qty Unit Sno SNO DBK SNo Excise Rate DBK Rate Spec DBK Amt(INR) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- 1 1 610902A 0 8.6 100 PCS 0 28 1295.33 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- 1295.33 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- I/We declare that the particulars given herein are true and are correct. Signature of For ABC SHIPPING AGENCIES
  • 11. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 32 ANNEXURE – 2 CHECK LIST - Bill of Entry ========================== Date: 15/02/2013 ___________________________________________________________________ Port of Submission : TUTICORIN Mode of Tranport: Sea CHA : AAFFV5694ECH009 ABC SHIPPING AGENCIES Job No /Job Yr: 5/2012 Importer:3506001841 PAN: Green Channel: No KAYCEE INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS PVT.LTD Branch SlNo. : 0 Sec 48: 111/33/E-1 MAIN ROAD, STATE BANK COLONY, TUTICORIN TAMILNADU PIN- 0 BE Type : Home Consumption Kaccha BE :No Govt./Private:Private Prior BE: Normal First Check: No IGM No./YR : 2009018 /2011 24/03/2011 Port of Loadg. :HAIPHONG Cntry of Orig.:VIETNAM, DEMOCRATIC REP. OF Cntry of Consgn : VIETNAM, DEMOCRATIC REP. OF BL. : MAXHAI1208TUT211 HBL : Date :25/02/2011 Date : No. of Pkgs :1250 BAG Gross Wt.: 50400 KGS Marks :AS ADDRESS & Nos :<Nil> <Nil> INVOICE DETAILS SUPPLIER DETAILS Inv No. & Dt : DLH-KCIC/1102001 24/02/2011 D.L.H MINERALS JSC Inv Value : 5750 USD ToI: CIF 7TH FL NGUPHUC TOWER,NO.7 LOT 3B Freight : 0% LE HONG STR,NGO QUYEN,HAI PHONG, Insurance : 0% VIETNAM SVB Load(Dty): 0 Cust. House: VN, SVB Load(Ass): 0 Hss Load Rate: 0.00 Amount : 0.00 Misc Charges : 0 Total Misc. Amt : 0 Discount Rate : 0.00 Discount Amount: 0.00
  • 12. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 33 Exchange Rate: 1 USD = 45.2 INR ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ITEM DETAILS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- Slno RITC Item Description RSP Qty Unit Price CTH C.Notn C.NSNO Cus Duty Rt BCD Amt(Rs) Unit Ass Value CETH E.Notn E.NSNO Exc Duty Rt CVD Amt(Rs) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- 1 25221000 QUICK LIME N 50 115 25221000 021/2002 517 5% 13125 MTS 262499 25221000 0% 0 Educational Cess on CVD : 3% 0 Customs Educational Cess : 0 3% 393.7 Additional Duty - 2006 : 019/2006 4 % 11040.7 Health Duty : 0% 0.00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Rs. 262499 Inv.Gross Total Rs. 24559.4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Rs. 262499 BE Gross Total Rs. 24559.4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Duty Payable Rs. 24559.4 CONTAINER DETAILS IGM NO CONTAINER NO SEAL NO LCFC ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2009018/2011 YMLU2511019 F 2009018/2011 YMLU2450058 F
  • 13. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 1, Jan-March (2013) 34 ANNEXURE – 3 Bill of Lading (BL) SHIPPER (MAX 5 LINES) ABC INDIA PVT. LTD. GAT NO.147, VILLAGE TAMGAON, TALUKA : KARVEER DIST. KOLHAPUR-416234 - INDIA BOOKING NO.22020202 SEA WAY BILL Consignee: (MAX 5 LINES) EYZ SPA. VIA SALTORE ITALY – P.IVA 01141930261 FROM : XYZ INT’L SHIPPING PVT LTD. 1 Notify Party: ( MAX 5 LINES) SAME AS CONSIGNEE Vessel and Voyage No: TIGER CAPE V-130 E Place of Receipt: Port of Loading: TUTICORIN , INDIA PORT of Discharge VENICE Place of Delivery: VENICE, ITALY Shipping Marks & Nos Number and Kind of Packages Description of Goods Gross Weight In Kgs. Net Weight In kgs. NE 100/2 COMBED COTTON YARN 1 X 40’HC FCL SAID TO CONTAIN 39 PACKAGES 20 PALLETS & 19 CARTONS (TWENTY PALLETS & NINTEEN CARTONS ) 100% GREY COTTON YARN MORE OR LESS THAN 10 PCT OF KGS 20 PALLETS OF NE 100/2 COMBED WEAVING 19 CARTONS OF GASSING TFO COTTON YARN ON CONES INVOICE NOS.: TMI/ME/EXP/04 DT.13.06.2009 SHIPPING BILL NO.: 2109665 DT.13.06.2009 “ FREIGHT PREPAID” 19892.20 KGS 18300.00 KGS CONTAINER NO.: HLXU 6257256 SEAL NO: 5824242