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Conjugation, transduction, and transformation are important mechanisms in bacteria to promote
exchange of genetic material. The figure below shows the age of horizontally acquired genes in a
strain of E. coli where at least 755 genes [more than one-sixth of this strain's genomel have been
acquired by horizontal transfer and the majority of those genes have been transferred quite
recently. If bacteria still often engage in horizontal gene transfer events why haven't bacteria
increased in complexity?

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