This document discusses machine guarding and safety requirements. It notes that any machine part that could cause injury must be safeguarded according to regulatory requirements. Mechanical hazards can occur at points of operation, in power transmission systems, and with other moving parts. Common hazards include rotating, reciprocating, and transverse motions as well as cutting, punching, shearing, and bending actions. The document outlines various types of hazardous machines and motions that must be safeguarded. It provides examples of required safeguards including guards, devices, adequate distances, and methods for feeding and ejecting materials.

1. Machine Guarding

2. Rule of Thumb
 Any machine part,
function, or process
that may cause injury
must be safeguarded.

3. Regulatory Requirements
 Regulatory requirements found in
29 CFR 1910, subpart O
 Applies to specific types of equipment
 Delineates general requirements

4. Where Mechanical
Hazards Occur
 The point of operation
 In the power transmission apparatus
 Other moving parts

5. Hazardous Mechanical
Motions
 Rotating
 Reciprocating
 Transverse

6. Hazardous Actions
 Cutting
 Punching
 Shearing
 Bending

7. Types of Rotating
Mechanisms
 Collars
 Couplings
 Cams
 Clutches
 Flywheels
 Shaft ends
 Spindles

8. Nip Points
 Caused by rotating parts
 Causes include
 Parts rotating in opposite directions
 Parts rotating tangentially
 Parts rotating close to a fixed part

9. Types of Reciprocating
Motions
 Back and forth
 Up and down

10. Types of Transverse Motions
 Straight and in a continuous line
 Examples include two pulleys and a belt

11. Cutting Actions
 Include
 Rotating motions
 Reciprocating motions
 Transverse motions

12. Types of Cutting Mechanisms
 Band saws
 Circular saws
 Boring or
drilling machines
 Lathes
 Milling machines

13. Types of Punching Actions
 A ram mechanism:
 Blanks
 Draws
 Stamps
 Used on metal or other materials

14. Types of Punching Equipment
 Power presses
 Iron working equipment

15. Types of Shearing Actions
 Uses a powered slide or knife
 Done to trim or shear metal or other
materials

16. Types of Shearing Equipment
 Shears that are operated:
 Hydraulically
 Mechanically
 Pneumatically

17. Types of Bending Actions
 Power is applied to a slide to:
 Draw
 Stamp
 Used on metal or other materials

18. Types of Bending Equipment
 Power presses
 Press brakes
 Tubing benders

19. Requirements for Safeguards
 Minimum general requirements
include:
 Prevent contact
 Secure
 Protect from falling objects
 Create no new hazards
 Create no interference
 Allow for safe lubrication

20. Classifications of Safeguards
 Guards
 Devices
 Location/distance
 Feeding and ejection methods
 Miscellaneous aids

21. Types of Guards
 Fixed
 Interlocked
 Adjustable
 Self-adjusting

22. Types of Devices
 Presence sensing
 Photoelectrical
 Radio frequency
 Electromechanical
 Pullbacks or restraints

23. Types of Devices (Cont.)
 Safety controls
 Safety trip control
 Pressure-sensitive body
bar
 Safety tripod
 Safety tripwire cable
 Two-hand control
 Two-hand trip

24. Types of Devices (Cont.)
 Gates
 Interlocked
 Other

25. Location/distance
 Makes it virtually impossible to contact
moving parts
 Separates operators from the
equipment
 Limited by the available workspace

26. Feeding and Ejection Methods
 Automatic feed
 Semiautomatic feed
 Automatic ejection
 Semiautomatic ejection
 Robot

27. Miscellaneous Aids
 Awareness barriers
 Protective shields
 Hand-feeding tools and holding fixtures