The document discusses various sensors and actuators that can be used for an automated weather station and landscape monitoring system. It describes different sensor types for measuring temperature, humidity, pressure, soil moisture, rainfall, water level, motion, light, sound, proximity, and air quality. It also outlines microcontrollers like the D1 Mini and Arduino Nano that can process sensor data as well as actuators like relays, LEDs, speakers, and displays to trigger automated responses. Accessories for prototyping include breadboards, power supplies, batteries, chargers, converters, and displays. Real-time data collection from the sensor network could enable precision horticulture and environmental monitoring.

2. SENSORS (Input Devices)
Analog & Digital Sensors
Temperature, Humidity, Light, Motion, Gas

3. S e n s o r T y p e s
Temperature & Humidity Sensor: (DHT11, DHT11+ESP01, AHT21)
• Initiating heating/cooling elements based on temperature fluctuations.
• Triggering frost protection measures for a cold front detection.
• Activating fire detection and prevention systems based on unusual heat.
• Adjusting irrigation or misting systems based on humidity changes.
• Calculating the evapotranspiration rate with temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation data to inform irrigation scheduling.
Pressure Sensor: (BMP180, BMP280)
• Activating weather-proof structures based on pressure variations.
• Anticipating a cold front with temperature and wind direction changes.
• Calculating Altitude
Soil Moisture Sensor:
• Regulating irrigation systems based on soil dryness.
• Alerting for optimal planting times if conditions are right.
• Triggering water conservation measures and drought-tolerant planting practices during drought conditions.
Rainfall Sensor:
• Adjusting irrigation frequency and volume based on rainfall.
• Triggering flood protection measures like drainage system activation or barrier setup during heavy rainfall.
• Activating stormwater management systems during high rainfall.
Water Level Sensor:
• Automating the addition or draining of water in a pond or reservoir.
• Activating pond health monitoring and treatment procedures.
Real-time Sensor Data Collection

4. Drone Camera:
• Monitoring landscape health and growth, detecting pest infestations, recognizing unauthorized activities.
• Plant, tree, and rare species health monitoring.
• Erosion detection and soil stabilization efforts initiation.
• Graffiti detection and cleanup measures activation.
Wind Speed and Direction Sensor: (Anemometer)
• Positioning wind-sensitive structures.
• Anticipating a cold front with temperature and pressure changes.
• Calculating the evapotranspiration rate with temperature, humidity, and solar radiation data to inform irrigation scheduling.
Latitude, Longitude, Altitude Sensors: (GPS Neo 6)
• Adjusting solar panel positions.
• Sunrise/sunset tracking for automating lighting or shading systems.
• Erosion detection and soil stabilization efforts initiation.
UV Ray Intensity Sensor: (MI8511)
• Adjusting shading mechanisms to protect against harmful UV rays.
Light Intensity & RGB Sensors: (GY-302 BH1750, APDS9960, PCF8591)
• Controlling outdoor lighting based on the time of day or cloud coverage.
• Adjusting lighting to create the desired ambiance.
• Detecting pollution and triggering air/water purifying measures or alerts.
• Pond health monitoring and treatment procedures initiation.
• Garden efficiency optimization.
• Graffiti detection and cleanup measures activation.
S e n s o r T y p e s
Real-time Sensor Data Collection

5. Sound Intensity Sensor: (LM393)
• Detecting unusual or high-intensity noises and sending alerts or triggering relevant responses.
• Activating animal deterrents like noise makers.
• Noise pollution control through noise reduction measures or alerts.
Proximity Sensor: (IR Sensor, Ultrasound HC-SR04)
• Activating lights, music, water features, or interactive displays when people approach.
• Triggering alarms for unwanted intruders.
• Interactive walkways with lighting or visual effects.
• Smart waste management signals for waste collection.
Hall Effect (Magnetic Fields) Sensors: (KY-024 Linear Hall Effect Sensor)
• Detecting the presence of vehicles or large metallic objects.
Soil pH Level Indicator: (ES-PH-N01-TR-1)
• Triggering the addition of certain soil amendments to maintain optimal soil pH.
• Pollution detection and triggering air/water purifying measures or alerts.
IR Sensor:
Detecting wildlife or human activity at night, potentially triggering lighting, security alerts, or other deterrent measures.
Fire detection and prevention.
MQ135 Air Quality Sensor:
Triggering air purifiers or ventilation systems when harmful gases are detected.
Sending alerts for hazardous air quality levels.
Activating certain plants or microorganisms that can absorb or neutralize specific gases
S e n s o r T y p e s
Real-time Sensor Data Collection

6. Microcontrollers used for the Weather stations & Prototype Event Actuators
M i c r o c o n t r o l l e r s
D1 Mini (ESP8266) – WiFi Connectivity
Arduino Nano
ESP01/ESP01S (ESP8266) - WiFi
D1 Mini:
•Compact development board based on ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.
•32-bit microcontroller with 4MB flash memory.
•Built-in Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n) for wireless connectivity.
•11 GPIO pins for versatile project development.
•Micro USB interface for programming and power supply.
•Supports serial communication and I2C.
•Ideal for IoT projects and home automation applications.
• Breadboard-friendly microcontroller board based on
ATmega328P.
• 32KB flash memory, 2KB SRAM, and 1KB EEPROM.
• 14 digital GPIO pins, 8 analog input pins, and 6 PWM pins.
• Supports serial communication and I2C.
• Retains core functionalities of Arduino Uno.
• Suitable for space-constrained projects and DIY
electronics.
ESP01
• Economical Wi-Fi module based on ESP8266
chipset.
• 512KB flash memory, 96KB RAM, and 2 GPIO pins.
• Supports 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi standards.
• Programmable with Arduino IDE and other
environments.
• Used for basic IoT applications and remote
sensing/control.

7. Accessories for Prototyping the Sensors based Weather Stations – Main & Satellite
I2C Bi-Directional logic
Level Converter- 4
Channel
MB102 Bread Board
Power Supply Module
LM2596 DC-DC Step Down power
supply module 3A voltage regulator
24V 12V 5V 3V 4.0-40 to 1.3-37V
Solar Panel 6v- 100 mah /
70mm*70mm*03mm
PCF8591 Module Analog to Digital /
Digital-Analog Converter Module
3.7V 1200mAh 18650 Battery
TP4056 Lithium Battery
Charging Board
4-Channel 5V Relay Board
A c c e s s o r i e s
5V ESP8266 WiFi Relay Module

8. Accessories for Prototyping the Event Code Actuations
NeoPixel Square 4x4
WS2812 Addressable
RGB LED Unit
Mini 3Watt Speaker
4ohm Speaker
PAM8403 Mini 2
Channel 3W Stereo
Class D Audio Power
Amplifier Module
Board
SIM800L modem for
GSM GPRS Connectivity
MicroSD Card Reader
Module
Temperature Sensor, Humidity Sensor, Pressure Sensor, Soil Moisture Sensor, Rainfall
Sensor, Water Level Sensor, Drone Camera, Wind Speed and Direction Sensor, Latitude,
Longitude, Altitude Sensors, UV Ray Intensity Sensor, Light Intensity & RGB Sensors, Sound
Intensity Sensor, Proximity Sensor, Hall Effect Sensors, Soil pH Level Indicator, IR Sensor,
MQ135 Air Quality Sensor, Soil Conductivity Sensor, Leaf Wetness Sensor, Seismic Sensor,
CO2 Sensor, Particle Matter Sensor, Water pH Sensor, LIDAR Sensor, Thermal Camera,
Water Temperature Sensor, Multispectral Camera, Snow Depth Sensor, Pesticide Sensor,
Ground Penetrating Radar.
SSD1306 0.96 Inch
I2C OLED Display
Module 4 Pin
A c c e s s o r i e s
IMPACT | PRADIPTA ROY CHOUDHURY | M.ARCH FOURTH SEMESTER VIVA | 08.08.2023
DIGITAL ARCHITECTURE PROJECT – 20DAC4.1

9. (Output Devices)
ACTUATORS
5V ESP8266 WiFi Relay Module
4-Channel 5V Relay Board
NeoPixel Square 4x4
WS2812 Addressable
RGB LED Unit
Mini 3Watt Speaker
4ohm Speaker

10. INTERFACING RELAY SWITCH AND SERVO MOTORS WITH ARDUINO
SENSORS
Analog & Digital Sensors
You can recognize the positive pin by looking at the top side of the
buzzer, you will a point marked "+", the pin on this side is the
positive pin.
ACTUATORS
Analog & Digital Sensors (Input Devices)