Transdermal delivery

1. Mr. Panzade Prabhakar Satwaji
Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad
Application Number:
818b46cae5a211e98f3b1b5f654cb00e

2. What is drug delivery system and Why?
 Formulation or device that safely brings a therapeutic agent to a specific
body site at a certain rate to achieve an effective concentration at the site
of action.
 Used to carry, distribute or transport drugs into and throughout the body
 To deliver drugs to a desired body locations, organ, tissue, specific cells,
intracellular organelles or molecules (Targeted) and provide programmed
drug release profiles (CDDS)
 Protect drug during transport to site of action
 Drug is added to a dosage form to formulate usable product
 Focused on selection or fabrication of most appropriate dosage form for a
drug
 Two primary objectives
• To increase patient compliance
• To enhance drug efficacy and tolerance
 Development of user friendly dosage forms eg. Reducing dosing frequency
or developing oral formulation of drug (If parenteraly)

3. Different routes of drug delivery
Systemic
Circulation
Parentral
delivery
Oral
delivery
Mucosal
delivery
Transdermal
delivery
Skin
Ocular
Nasal
Pulmonary
Buccal
sublingual
Gingival
Rectal
Vaginal Topical
delivery
Target
tissue
Liver
Portal Circulation
First pass

4. • Parenteral administration
• Oral route ineffective or impractical
• Poorly absorbed or inactivated in GIT
• Too irritating by mouth
• IM , IV, SC, and ID
• Longer the path to the systemic circulation, more delayed is the onset of
action
• Bioavailability depends on physicochemical properties
• Limitations – discomfort, possibility of infection, tissue damage
administration by trained personnel
• Mucosal drug delivery
• Delivery of drugs via absorptive mucosa in easily accessible body cavities
like buccal, nasal, ocular etc.
• Primary advantage avoid first pass effect of drug clearance eg. Bioadhesive
polyacrylic nanoparticles

5. Transdermal administration
• The term “Transdermal Drug Delivery” (TDD) essentially means any type
of a substrate or formulation that contains a substance that allows the
drug to transit from the outside of the skin through various skin layers
and finally into the circulatory system to produce a pharmacological
action.
• The first transdermal patch was approved in1981 for the relief of the
symptoms of motion sickness, nausea and vomiting.
• Skin is the most extensive and readily accessible organ in the body. In an
average adult, it covers about 1.73 cm2 and receives one third of
circulating blood through the body at any given time.
• Structure of skin
• Epidermis, dermis and hypodermis
 Factors affecting permeability
• Hydration
• Solubility of drug in the stratum corneum

6. • Influence of pH
• Binding of drug to the skin
• Drug metabolism in the skin
• Enhancers for percutaneous absorption
• Eg. Ethanol, surfactant, water, DMSO
• Components of TDDS
• Liner - Protects the patch during storage. The liner is removed prior to use.
• Drug - Drug solution in direct contact with release liner
• Adhesive - Serves to adhere the components of the patch together along
with adhering the patch to the skin
• Membrane - Controls the release of the drug from the reservoir and multi-
layer patches
• Backing - Protects the patch from the outer environment

7. • Academic writing course is well designed,
comprehensive, and well executed
• It will serve as guideline for students, faculty
and other learners in various disciplines
• It will surely provide required knowledge and
skill to new and existing academic writers
• Provided platform for initiating and continuing
academic writing for individual benefit and
institution benefit also.

8. Acknowledgement
Grateful to Academic Writing team for designing
this course.